鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展

The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence factors of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (3) The research methods of thermal effect of fishes; (4) The evaluation of effects of thermal pollution on fishes, especially, with the coastal power station will be‘built in China recent years, the effects of thermal discharge water on the marine fisheries resource wered iscussed.     

主要养殖鱼类种质资源研究进展

一、研究和保护鱼类种质资源的意义和迫切性 (一)从保护生物多样性谈起 为什么我国西北一些地区原来“风吹草低见牛羊”的大草原如今变成了土地贫瘠、经济落后的黄土高原?为什么原来郁郁葱葱、生意盎然的北非大森林如今变成了偶尔只闻驼铃声的撒哈拉大沙漠?为什么历史上盛产脍炙人口的大白鱼(翘嘴红鲌)的太湖如今变成了肉少刺多的毛鲚鱼的天下?这些都同生物多样性的破坏有关。     

南沙群岛西南部陆架海区主要经济鱼类渔业生物学的初步研究

本文根据１９９２－１９９３年南沙群岛西南部陆架海区底拖网渔业资源调查资料，分析了 １７种主要经济鱼类的渔业生物学特性，并应用体长方法估计了 ｖｏｎ Ｂｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｆｙ生长参数（Ｌ和Ｋ）、总死亡系数、自然死亡系数、捕捞死亡系数和开发率，讨论了资源的开发状况。     

Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India

Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants.     

鱼类小肽转运载体PepT1研究进展

小肽作为蛋白质主要的消化产物,与氨基酸的吸收是两个相互独立的转运系统。Peptide Transporter 1(PepT1)是其中一种重要的小肽转运载体。文章就鱼类PepT1的分子特点,PepT1 cDNA的克隆与表达,以及PepT1的转运机制等研究作一综述。     

淡水养殖鱼类主要细菌性传染病快速诊断的研究——用SPA-CoA检测16株鱼类致病菌

用富含Ａ蛋白的金黄色葡萄球菌国际标准株（ｃｏｗａｎｌ），分别标记１６株淡水鱼类致病菌高兔血清，制备ＳＰＡ诊断液，建立了检测这１６株致病菌的ＳＰＡ－ＣｏＡ。将待检病料经分离培养１６～１８ｈ进行检测，３ｍｉｎ内可判定结果，比玻片凝集试验的敏感性高２５～５０倍。经交叉和重复性试验表明，其特异性强、重复性好、操作简便，快速，无需特殊仪器。适用于基层鱼场对淡水鱼类主要病原菌的快速鉴定和流行病调查。并将１６株致病菌用１１种药物作药敏试验，为防治上述致病菌引起的鱼病提供依据     

On species and speciation with reference to the fishes

The nature of species and the processes in which they participate are subjects of continuing debate among evolutionary biologists. I begin by examining how ichthyologists treat species empirically. Such treatments provide a pattern of species and their relationships over time and space. I suggest that this empirical record points to a predominant mode of speciation: vicariant, Model I, allopatric speciation. I also suggest that species are real and that they are individuals. There is a single species concept, the evolutionary species concept (ESC), that best captures the way we think about fish species. This concept is also well integrated with the manner in which species are treated in Phylogenetic Systematics and with the philosophical concept that species are particulars rather than universals.     

长江口九段沙湿地的鱼类资源及其保护价值

九段沙湿地是长江口新生成的沙洲，有鱼类128种，分隶于18目48科。其中河口性和近海性鱼类各约占l／3，淡水鱼类l／5，沿岸性和江海洄游鱼类各约占l／10。鱼类区系处于长江下游至东海的过度类型。在这些鱼类中，成鱼体长不足20cm的小型鱼类约占总数的l／4；体长超过50cm的大型鱼类只约占l／10，中型鱼类超过3／5。几乎没有以浮游植物为主食的鱼类，凶猛鱼类也仅几种，大多数以底栖生物、有机碎屑或浮游动物为主食。除河口和洄游性鱼类，其他生态类群的出现有明显季节性。九段沙鱼类不仅具有很强的物种多样性、河口代表性和生态类群多样性，还包含着5种国家级保护动物。保护所产生的感染力，不仅局限于长江河口本身，还影响到整个长江以及东海北部和黄海南部沿海的鱼类资源。     

鲟形目鱼类和渔业

本文论述了国内外鲟形目鱼类和渔业.包括三部分:1.鲟形目的种类和分布:2.鲟形目的生物学特征;3.世界上鲟鱼和白鲟渔业,并着重讨论该鱼类资源在我国的开发和利用.