血液细胞图像分割方法综述

图像分割是图像处理的基础,是图像工程技术中的一个重要问题。本文简单介绍了图像分割的原理,系统地回顾了血液细胞图像分割的方法并进行了讨论。近年来,人们越来越重视血液细胞图像的分割算法,并期望寻求一种实时性、鲁棒性较好的算法。     

不同粗蛋白质水平全混合颗粒日粮对马头山羊生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

本研究旨在探讨不同粗蛋白质水平全混合颗粒日粮对育肥期马头山羊的生长性能及血液生化指标的影响。选用3～4月龄马头山羊羯羔36只,随机分为4组,分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平为16.15%(对照组)、14.54%(试验1组)、12.92%(试验2组)和11.31%(试验3组)的全混合颗粒日粮,进行育肥试验。预试期18 d,正试期42 d。结果表明:试验3组马头山羊的平均日增重(0.17 kg/d)高于试验2组(P<0.05),对照组、试验1组和试验2组平均日增重差异不显著;试验3组马头山羊的血清尿素氮高于其他各组(P<0.05),谷草转氨酶/谷丙转氨酶低于其他各试验组(P<0.05),谷丙转氨酶低于对照组和试验1组(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,马头山羊育肥期全混合颗粒日粮中适宜的粗蛋白质水平为11.31%,不同粗蛋白质水平全混合颗粒日粮对马头山羊血液生化指标均没有不良影响。     

人工饲养条件下喜马拉雅旱獭血脂和血液流变学指标测定

测定人工饲养条件下喜马拉雅旱獭血脂及血液流变学指标,并对雌雄个体间及与野生状态下喜马拉雅旱獭相关指标进行比较。结果表明:人工饲养喜马拉雅旱獭雌、雄性个体全血黏度(ηa)、全血还原黏度(ηn)、红细胞压积(HCT)、红细胞刚性指数(IR)及血沉方程K值(KESR)差异均不显著(P0.05);野生状态与人工饲养条件下的旱獭血液流变学和血脂水平比较显示,野生成体旱獭血浆黏度(ηp)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、全血还原黏度(ηn)、红细胞电泳指数(ES)、胆固醇水平(CHOL)、甘油三酯(TG)水平均显著高于人工条件下驯养旱獭的指标(p0.01)。以上数据的获得将为喜马拉雅旱獭作为实验动物进行应用开发提供基础资料。     

Metabolic rates from Bluntnose minnow (Pimephales notatus) populations at lower latitudes are more sensitive to changes in temperature than populations at higher latitudes

Predicting the potential effects of changes in climate on freshwater species requires an understanding of the relationships between physiological traits and environmental conditions among populations. While water temperature is a primary factor regulating metabolic rates in freshwater ectotherms, how metabolic rates vary across the species range is unclear. In addition, photoperiod has also been hypothesised to influence metabolic rates in freshwater taxa based on seasonal changes in activity rates. Using an experimental approach, we investigated whether variation in routine metabolic rate (RMR) and sensitivity of RMR to changes in temperature are correlated with local thermal regimes, photoperiods and body mass among ten populations across the geographic range of the Bluntnose minnow (Pimephales notatus), a North American freshwater fish species. Routine metabolic rate data were collected from populations acclimatised to three temperature treatments (9, 18 and 27°C) and correlated with water temperature and photoperiod estimates at collection locations for each population. Routine metabolic rate was negatively correlated with minimum photoperiod at 9°C, negatively correlated with weekly high temperature at 18°C and positively correlated with weekly high temperature at 27°C. Body mass was also a predictor of RMR at each temperature treatment. Thermal sensitivity of RMR was positively correlated with weekly high temperature, indicating that individuals from warmer low latitude populations experienced greater sensitivity of RMR to changes in temperature than individuals from cooler high latitude populations. These results indicate differential responses among populations to variation in temperature and suggest the importance of recognising this variation when characterising responses of freshwater taxa to increases in water temperature.     

斜发沸石对苏淮育肥猪血液生化指标和肠道形态的影响

旨在研究基础日粮中添加不同水平的斜发沸石对苏淮育肥猪血液生化指标、肠道形态的影响,为斜发沸石在苏淮猪生产中的应用提供数据参考。选择体重(50±2)kg、健康的苏淮阉公猪40头,随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组共4个处理组。试验预饲期10 d,所有猪自由采食对照组基础日粮;正试期64 d,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ至Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、2.0%的斜发沸石。结果:随斜发沸石水平增加,血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、肠道黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白(sIgA)和肠道黏膜IgG含量升高。随斜发沸石水平增加,血清碱性磷酸酶含量升高;血清甘油三酯含量先升高后降低。随斜发沸石水平增加,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度含量升高;红细胞分布宽度变异系数降低。随斜发沸石水平增加,十二指肠隐窝深度降低;空肠绒毛高度和空肠段绒毛高度/隐窝深度有升高的趋势。试验表明,在各组日粮消化能和粗蛋白均满足且一致的情况下,添加适宜比例斜发沸石对改善猪的机体血液及肠道免疫功能有积极作用。综合考虑以上检测指标变化规律及斜发沸石添加成本,建议斜发沸石的适宜添加比例为1.0%。     

Blood Response to Mercury Exposure in Athletic Horse From Messina,Italy

Mercury (Hg) exists in various chemical forms, and it is different to health effects. The most toxic effects occur in the central nervous system during fetal development with irreversible alterations of the nerve cells of the cerebral cortex and, it is essential to monitor the tissue residues of Hg to protect the animal’s health. The present investigation was carried out during May 2019 in 20 horses located in equine sport center near the area of Milazzo, Messina, that is a part of Sicilian territory heavily polluted by many toxic substances. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of Hg in blood, serum, food, and water administered to horses and from the hematological profile as a biomarker of blood in relation to the bioaccumulation of Hg. The hematologic parameters (red blood cell, white blood cell, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and platelets) were processed with an automated hematology analyzer, and Hg concentrations were determined by DMA-80. To carry out the variation in the Hg levels in serum and blood, the data were subjected to paired t-test analysis; post-hoc comparisons were performed using Tukey’s test. The differences were considered statistically significant when P < .05. Paired t-test showed that in blood samples, Hg concentrations were significantly higher than the serum, and blood samples were positively correlated with serum (r = 0.99; P < .0001). The Hg contents determined in blood, serum, hay, and water samples were below the respective benchmarks, and therefore, we can exclude any toxicological risk for athletic horse.     

奥奶净对奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

选择45头泌乳前期奶牛,根据年龄、胎次、泌乳时间和产奶量进行配对,随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组,各组均饲喂奶牛场配制的全混合饲料,另外,试验Ⅰ组每天每头奶牛日粮中添加45g奥奶净,试验Ⅱ组每天每头奶牛日粮中添加60g奥奶净,研究奥奶净对奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,补饲45g／d和60g／d奥奶净的奶牛产奶量分别提高了2．34％和2．96％（P〈0．05）;乳脂率分别提高2．63％和6．72％;体细胞数分别下降了35．92％和42．55％（P〈0．05）;磷酸肌酸激酶有提高的趋势,乳酸脱氢酶呈下降趋势;奶牛血清IgG、SOD和GSH-Px含量均有不同程度的提高,而MDA呈下降趋势。表明饲喂奥奶净能够促进奶牛泌乳、提高机体免疫力和机体抗应激能力．并有促进营养物质代谢的趋势。     

Advanced glycation end products and sorbitol in blood from differently compensated diabetic dogs

Canine diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder with long term complications, most of which are caused by glycosylation of structural proteins, decreases in antioxidant concentrations, altered osmotic balance and hypoxia due to impaired oxygen transport. Previous studies have demonstrated that under hyperglycemic conditions canine erythrocytes undergo swelling, probably due to activation of the polyol pathway. The present work aimed to assess the plasma concentration of advanced glycation end (AGE) products, stable Amadori-products generated by non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins and the intracellular concentration of sorbitol, produced by the activation of polyol pathway in 34 blood samples from diabetic dogs and in 14 controls. AGE products were significantly higher (p<0.01) in plasma from diabetic dogs compared with control animals. The sorbitol concentration in erythrocytes was also significantly higher in diabetic dogs and, in particular, in poorly compensated animals and in dogs with ketonuria. In five cases that were analysed before and after clinical improvement, sorbitol concentration was found to correlate with improvement. These results suggest that non-specific glycosylation is increased and that the polyol pathway is activated in diabetic dogs in a manner that is proportionate to the severity of disease. Moreover, the concentration of AGE products and sorbitol may be useful for monitoring the onset of diabetic complications and assessing the most appropriate therapeutic approaches for management of canine DM.     

不同性别乌蒙凤鸡血液生化指标测定分析

为更好地保护和利用乌蒙凤鸡遗传资源,对原种场保种群200日龄乌蒙凤鸡的21项血液生化指标进行测定和雌雄差异显著性检验。结果:雌雄乌蒙凤鸡的白球比、谷丙转氨酶、转氨酶比、乳酸脱氢酶有显著差异(P<0.05);其他生化指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。血液生化指标可作为乌蒙凤鸡生产保护和疾病防治等方面的参考依据。     

酵母硒对杜寒杂交羊生长性能、血常规和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加酵母硒对杜寒杂交羊生长性能、血常规和血清生化指标的影响。选用40只体重(34kg左右)相近、健康状况良好的杜寒杂交断奶羔羊,随机分为4组,每组10只,进行单栏单只饲养。各组试验羊分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(对照)、0.2、0.4和0.8mg/kg的硒(硒的形式为酵母硒)的试验饲粮,对应的试验饲粮中硒含量的实测值分别为0.074(对照)、0.307、0.491和0.846mg/kg。预试期10d,正试期20d。结果显示:随着硒添加量的增加,平均日增重呈先增加后降低的趋势,在硒添加量为0.2mg/kg时平均日增重最大。当硒添加量为0.2mg/kg时,杜寒杂交羊的料重比最低,极显著低于其他3个组(P<0.01)。当硒添加量为0.8mg/kg时,血小板计数最高,极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)。当硒添加量为0.8mg/kg时,嗜碱性粒细胞百分数最高,极显著高于0.4mg/kg组(P<0.01)。饲粮中添加不同水平的硒对其他血常规指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。当硒添加量为0.8mg/kg时,血清中总蛋白、尿素氮和肌酐含量均最高,显著或极显著高于其他各组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。0.8mg/kg组血清中谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶的活性最高,显著或极显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。对照组血清中碱性磷酸酶的活性最高,与0.2mg/kg组差异不显著(P>0.05)。当硒添加量为0.8mg/kg时,血清中γ-谷氨酰转移酶的活性最高,极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)。当硒添加量为0.8mg/kg时,血清中磷含量最高,极显著高于0.2和0.4mg/kg组(P<0.01)。当硒添加量为0.8mg/kg时,血清中铁含量最低,极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),同时0.4mg/kg组血清中铁含量也极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。综合本试验测定指标,杜寒杂交羊饲粮中酵母硒形式硒的适宜添加量为0.2mg/kg(饲粮中硒含量的实测值为0.307mg/kg)。