健康黑松幼苗中的电波传递

以健康黑松(Pinus thunbergii)幼苗为材料,用非伤害性刺激,如冷冻和伤害性刺激,如：烧伤、刺伤、化学伤害等引发了植物体内的波形的变化,研究表明,非伤害性刺激能在幼苗体内引起动作电波的传递,伤害性刺激除了能引起动作电波的传递外,还能引起较为复杂的变异电波的传递并对这种现象进行了讨论。图4参28。     

Changes in the predicted function of the rumen bacterial community of Japanese Black beef cattle during the fattening stages according to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses

We investigated changes in the predicted functions of the rumen bacterial community in Japanese Black beef cattle during fattening. Nine cattle were fed a high-concentrate diet during the early, middle, and late fattening stages consecutively (10–14, 15–22, and 23–30 months of age, respectively). The rumen fluid and solid samples collected at each stage were subjected to sequencing analyses. The sequencing results were clustered and classified into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Representative sequences and a raw counting table for each OTU were submitted to the Piphillin website. The predicted functions were revealed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database as the ratio of the total sequence. In the early stage, “Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites” was significantly higher in the fluid fraction than in the solid fraction. “Two-component system” in the middle stage was significantly lower and “Purine metabolism” in the late stage was significantly higher in the fluid fraction than those in the solid fraction. The fluid fraction was significantly correlated with acetic acid, propionic acid, and bacterial metabolism, such as “Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites” and “Sugar metabolism.” Moreover, the solid fraction was correlated with “Purine metabolism” and “Biosynthesis of secondary metabolism”. These results suggest that the rumen bacterial community in Japanese Black beef cattle adapts to changes in rumen conditions by altering their functions in response to a long-term high-grain diet.     

黑土区范围界定及水土保持防治策略

采用"3S"技术与野外踏勘、抽样调查与定位研究、科学试验、生态理论与经济理论相结合的集成研究和现有科研成果整合的技术路线,以GIS平台叠置分析技术为支撑,开展了典型黑土区、东北黑土区(广义黑土区)的范围界定和水土保持区划,东北黑土区面积为103.02万km2,其中水蚀面积17.95万km2、风蚀面积3.40万km2、冻融侵蚀面积6.24万km2,针对各分区的特征提出了基本的防治策略。     

应用乳酸菌发酵黑枸杞汁的特性研究

为了探寻各种乳酸菌在黑枸杞汁中的发酵能力和特性,选取新鲜黑枸杞汁,采用巴氏杀菌法灭菌,接种于不同乳酸菌进行发酵,对发酵过程中乳酸菌菌群成活数、pH值、花青素含量、总酚含量、黄酮含量、抗氧化能力以及感官评测等的变化进行对比。结果表明:各种乳酸菌能在黑枸杞汁中良好生长,活菌数均突破10~8CFU/mL;发酵48 h后,4种乳酸菌发酵的黑枸杞汁的pH值均低于3.5。与未经发酵的黑枸杞汁相比,经保加利亚乳杆菌发酵后的黑枸杞汁中花青素含量与黄酮含量提升最大,其中花青素提升了33.84%、黄酮提升了68.82%;鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵后,黑枸杞汁的总酚含量提升最多,提升了61.25%;保加利亚乳杆菌发酵后,黑枸杞汁对超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基的清除能力提升最高,超氧阴离子自由基清除率提升了163.50%、羟自由基清除率提升了59.44%;鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵后,黑枸杞汁有着最强的DPPH自由基去除能力,清除率为89%。经乳酸菌发酵后的黑枸杞汁口感上佳,保加利亚乳杆菌的发酵能力要强于其他3种乳酸菌。该研究结果可为黑枸杞汁的益生菌发酵和益生菌果汁产品开发提供参考。     

青鱼消化器官数量性状胚后发育规律

采用显微解剖和测量、光镜和扫描电镜观察方法，系统观测全长为５．６～３３０．０ｍｍ的青鱼标本３７０尾，描述了鳃耙、咽齿、角质垫和肠等消化器官数量性状在胚后发育过程中的变化规律；论述了青鱼的摄食特性、消化器官数量性状胚后发育的阶段性及其相关性、消化器官数量性状发育与食性转化，为制订培育青鱼苗种和饲养成鱼的生物学技术提供了可靠依据     

根域限制条件下基质栽培对夏黑葡萄生长和果实品质的影响

[目的]研究根域限制条件下基质栽培与夏黑葡萄生长的关系,为休闲观光、庭院栽培葡萄提供理论依据.[方法]以夏黑葡萄为试材,以沙子和椰糠（体积比1∶4）为基质,以根域限制泥土栽培及露地泥土栽培为对照,分析根域限制条件下基质栽培对夏黑葡萄茎粗、产量、品质和病情指数的影响.[结果]根域限制基质栽培条件下,夏黑葡萄植株生长、产量、品质和抗病性等与根域限制泥土栽培差异不明显,其主干粗度、单果重、单穗重及产量均明显小于露地泥土栽培,而果实可溶性固形物含量、抗病能力均优于露地泥土栽培.[结论]根域限制基质栽培夏黑葡萄效果与泥土栽培相似,是适合观光农场、庭院绿化栽培推广应用的新方法.     

黄河源区黑土滩人工草地牧草植物量及营养动态研究

对黄河源区黑土滩人工草地在封育和放牧两种不同管理方式下,从8月到翌年的4月进行了地上植物量及牧草营养成分动态研究,结果表明:从8月到翌年4月牧草的自然损失量为138.7g/m~2,损失率为34.3%,家畜的采食量为174.9g/m~2,草地的实际利用率为43.3%;整个冷季牧草总体营养价值呈下降趋势,封育草地粗蛋白降低了56.87%,粗脂肪降低了51.09%。该类草地在夏季属碳氮营养型(CN),冬季属碳营养型(C)。     

太阳系天体相对地球某点的波动式螺线运动(Ⅱ)——太阳系七大行星相对地球某点的螺线运动方程推导及模拟分析

为研究太阳系天体相对地球某点的运动规律,在太阳系天体相对地球某点的波动式螺线运动(I)中推导出太阳和月球对地球赤道某点和纬度某点的波动式螺线运动轨迹方程,并进行了计算机模拟与分析的基础上,推导出太阳系七大行星对地球赤道某点和纬度某点的波动式螺线运动轨迹方程,并分别进行了计算机模拟与分析.结果表明,太阳系七大行星相对于地球某点的运动轨迹为与幅值与角度相关的波动式螺线,向x轴方向等速传播,并且在两种坐标轴下的运动规律与太阳、月亮类似.并且:1在双波动坐标轴下分析,水星运动轨迹在yz平面上的投影出现重波;2金星运动轨迹在yz平面上的投影疏密度与其余星球相反;3在波动-螺面坐标轴下分析,天王星和海王星螺线与太阳的最相近.     

Increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity of grazing Japanese Black heifers and cows in forestland in Japan

Blood total antioxidant capacity (TAC) has become a key bio‐marker for animal health. Forest‐grazing cattle are known to forage various native plants that have high TAC. This study evaluated differences of plasma TAC between forest‐grazing (FG) and pasture‐grazing cattle (PG). Experiment 1 monitored the plasma TAC levels of 32 Japanese Black cattle. The level in PG did not change throughout the grazing period. However, that in FG, which increased from summer, was significantly higher than that in PG through fall (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, we used nine Japanese Black heifers and investigated their blood antioxidant parameters and the TAC in plants that the cattle consumed in late June and September. The plasma TAC levels in FG were significantly higher than those in PG in both periods (P < 0.05). Plasma levels of lipid peroxidation in FG tended to be lower than that in PG (P = 0.098). Furthermore, the TAC levels in various species of shrubs and trees consumed by FG were higher than those in pasture grasses. Results of this study show that plasma TAC of grazing Japanese Black cattle in forestland increase from summer through fall.     

Increased ectopic fat cells in the longitudinal muscularis layer of the oviduct isthmus in obese Japanese Black cows

In obese humans, mesenchymal stem cells differentiate to become ectopic fat cells in muscles. These ectopic fat cells inhibit the contraction of vascular smooth muscles. Stem cells have been recently identified in the human oviduct, a structure important in reproduction. We therefore investigated the number of Oil Red O (ORO)‐positive cells in the oviducts of control Japanese Black cows (n = 6; body condition score [BCS], 3.0 on a 5‐point scale) compared to those with diet‐induced obesity (n = 5; BCS, 4.0). We stained the ampulla and isthmus collected on the second day after ovulation with ORO and then counted the positive cells in each layer in 10 cross‐sections of the ampulla or isthmus. The obese group (23.4 ± 3.4 in the 10 sections) had larger numbers of ORO‐positive cells in the longitudinal muscularis of the isthmus (P < 0.05) than did the control group (15.0 ± 2.4). ORO‐positive cells were also observed in all other layers of the isthmus and ampulla; however, the number of cells in these layers did not differ significantly between obese cows and controls. Whether this observed increase in ORO‐positive cells in the oviducts of obese cows affects their reproduction warrants further study.