西南桦人工林单株生物量的回归模型

通过对林分进行每木调查,以D-H曲线进行平均木选择,分径阶伐倒平均木获得生物量数据。以幂指数模型为基础对西南桦人工林的单株生物量模型进行了模拟,以胸径(D)、树高(H)、1/2树高处直径(D1/2)、胸径平方乘树高(D2H)等作自变量,所选择的树干、树枝、树叶、树根的回归模型分别为:Wt=0.563D2.631、Wb=0.0003D3.6499、Wl=0.0022D2.6063、Wr=1.4×10-7H5.9972。以胸径(D)、树高(H)、1/2树高处直径(D1/2)、胸径平方乘树高(D2H)等作自变量的回归模型均可作为全树生物量预测模型。     

桂西北高海拔地区光皮桦造林技术

广西隆林县地处高海拔地区,光皮桦(Betula luminifera)的次生林面积最大.高海拔山地营建光皮桦人工林,宜采集当地海拔1 200～1 400 m的优良林分种子育苗,使用容器苗造林,杉木采伐迹地,更适合光皮桦生长,造林密度2 500株/hm2.     

桦树柠条混交林生长效应的试验

通过对桦树柠条混交林及桦树纯林、柠条纯林的林木生长量、林分生物量、根系分布规律等的调查研究,结果表明,混交林的桦树高生长量比纯林桦树提高47．6％～119．5％,胸径提高44．1％～143．1％;混交林的林木生长量及单株生物量均高于纯林;混交林中桦树根系分布比纯林均匀,使林木充分利用土壤养分、水分、空间,利于林木的生长。     

Effect of seed coverings and seed pretreatments on the germination response of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alnus glutinosa</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Betula pubescens</Emphasis> seeds

The germination of common alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) and downey birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) seeds is often poor in bare-root nurseries. The effect of a variety of seed coverings and a few seed pretreatments on seedling emergence was examined in this study in an attempt to address this problem. Seeds of each species were sown in trays containing nursery soil, covered with grit, gravel, sand, combinations of these coverings, a hydromulch or a sealed plastic cloche and then incubated for 6 weeks at 17–20°C. The grit combined with sand or gravel, the hydromulch and the cloche increased seedling emergence when compared with the standard grit. In another experiment, seeds of each species were fully imbibed (FI) (>50% moisture content, MC), as per standard practice, or adjusted to target MC (TMC) (30–35% MC) levels, and then chilled to release dormancy. Some seeds of each MC treatment were primed at 20°C for 2 days following chilling, after which all seeds were evaluated in laboratory tests and a nursery trial. Germination potential of the FI seeds declined in the lab tests by the second test date, which was reflected in low seedling emergence in the nursery in birch. The primed FI seeds of alder germinated most rapidly in the nursery, but other effects were not significant. Seedling emergence was better in the nursery in response to the TMC than the FI pretreatment in birch.

光皮桦天然林群落特征研究

光皮桦 (Ｂｅｔｕｌａｌｕｍｉｎｉｆｅｒａ)为桦木科落叶大乔木 ,具有生长快、适应性强、材质好、用途广、落叶量大、繁殖容易等特点 ,是一种极有推广前途的优良速生用材树种。由于材质致密坚韧 ,是室内装璜的优质用材。近几年来对天然林过度采伐 ,使得光皮桦天然林资源锐减 ,而人工造林并未引起重视 ,使光皮桦处于渐危状态。为此 ,通过对福建邵武光皮桦天然林进行群落学分析 ,以期为保护光皮桦天然林和推广光皮桦人工造林提供理论依据。1　研究地点与方法调查地点位于福建省邵武二都村天然阔叶林 (东经 1 1 7°59′,北纬 2 7°44′) ,该片…     

不同保存方法对光皮桦总DNA提取效果的影响

光皮桦是一种顽拗类植物,其鲜叶组织中富含酚类、糖类及其他次生代谢物。这些物质很容易使鲜叶发生褐变,从而严重影响植物基因组DNA的提取质量。本文以新鲜嫩叶为对照,比较了-20℃冷藏、硅胶干燥、改进的饱和NaCl-CTAB溶液保存和核分离缓冲液固定4种鲜叶保存方法对提取光皮桦基因组总DNA效果的影响,寻找最佳的光皮桦嫩叶保存方法。并以提取的核酸得率、纯度、片段分布情况、是否含有PCR反应抑制剂等指标来评价其保存效果。结果表明:-20℃冷藏的样品未能提到DNA;新鲜样品、改进的饱和NaCl-CTAB溶液保存和核分离缓冲液保存的样品均提到纯度较好的DNA,大小在48Kb左右,得率为400!g/g鲜叶左右,并获得条带清晰、多态性好的PCR扩增图谱;用硅胶干燥保存的样品也能提到DNA,但得率低,为51.2!g/g鲜叶,且未获得条带完整、清晰的PCR扩增图谱。     

西南桦在广东省中部引种初报

西南桦是我国热带、南亚热带地区的优良乡土阔叶树种。文章对广西壮族自治区11个西南桦种源在广东省中部引种的苗期及幼林生长性状进行了分析,结果表明:引种西南桦的地径、苗高以及幼树高生长在种源间、家系间差异极显著,种源内遗传变异大于种源间,家系遗传力高于种源。依据苗期地径选择出表现良好的5个种源,在其中选择出35个优良家系,遗传增益为14.59%;根据苗高在5个优良种源中选择20个优良家系,遗传增益达到21.27%。幼林阶段高生长与苗期略有变化,根据幼树高生长指标在5个优良种源中进一步选出25个优良家系,遗传增益达到10.03%。     

施N、P肥对西南桦无性系幼苗生长及叶片N、P含量的影响

【目的】研究施氮、磷肥对西南桦Betula alnoides无性系生长和叶片养分含量的影响,筛选适宜的施肥配方。【方法】以4个西南桦优良无性系组培苗(A5、FB4、FB4+、BY-1)为研究对象,试验按完全随机区组设计,通过设置每株施N(0、200、400 mg)和施P(0、70、140 mg)共9个组合处理,研究施肥处理间及无性系间幼苗的苗高、地径、生物量、根冠比、分枝数、叶面积和叶片养分含量等差异。【结果】不同施肥处理幼苗的苗高、地径、生物量、分枝数、根冠比和叶面积差异均极显著,且施肥处理和无性系的交互作用对苗高、地径、根冠比和分枝数影响达极显著水平。各无性系均为处理5的幼苗生长表现最优,其苗高、地径、生物量、分枝数和叶面积比其他施肥处理分别提高了2.10%～74.13%、6.67%～91.45%、12.24%～358.33%、2.76%～712.64%和2.46%～456.31%。施肥处理对西南桦无性系幼苗叶片的N、P养分含量的影响均达到极显著水平,而无性系之间及无性系和施肥处理的交互作用对叶片养分含量的影响差异不显著。叶片的N、P含量随着氮磷肥的添加而增加,添加氮磷肥能够显著提髙叶片中该种养分的含量。叶片N、P含量及其比值与生物量均符合抛物线关系,且呈显著的正相关关系(P0.000 1),处理5的叶片N/P质量比约为15,这可能是影响西南桦生长的N/P限制比例。【结论】施肥显著促进了西南桦无性系幼苗的生长并提高了叶片养分含量,但无性系之间差异不显著。综合幼苗的生长和叶片养分含量指标,处理5(每株施N 200 mg和施P 70 mg)条件下西南桦无性系生长表现最优。     

西南桦的生物学生态学特性及其在我省的引种现状

文章系统介绍了西南桦的生态和经济价值，地理分布及其生长特性与适生环境条件等生物生态学特性；分析了西南桦在我省的引种现状及存在问题，并指出西南桦适合在我省中低山及丘陵地生长，具有十分广阔的发展前景。     

Growth responses of seedlings of six Betula pubescens Ehrh. Provenances to six ozone exposure regimes

Seedlings of six provenances of Betula pubescens Ehrh. from different latitudes (59–70°N) were grown under six ozone exposure regimes by combining different concentrations and daily exposure periods. The different treatments at increasing O₃ exposure over 40 nmol mol^?1 (AOT40 given in parentheses) were: 19 nmol mol^?1/24 h day^?1 (0.1 μmol mol^?1‐h), 42 nmol mol^?1/12 h day^?1 (2.5 μmol mol^?1‐h), 44 nmol mol^?1/24 h day^?1 (7.1 μmol mol^?1‐h), 76 nmol mol^?1/6 h day^?1 (9.4 μmol mol^?1‐h), 75 nmol mol^?1/12 h day^?1 (17.8 μmol mol^?1) and 116 nmol mol^?1/6 h day^?1 (19.8 μmol mol^?1) for 40 days at a 24 h day^?1 photoperiod in growth chambers placed in a greenhouse. The effect of increasing the O₃ exposure from 19 nmol mol^?1/24 h (0.1 μmol mol^?1‐h AOT40) to 42 nmol mol^?1/12 h (2.5 μmol mol^?1‐h AOT40) was a decrease in root but not shoot dry weight. A further increase in the exposure to 44 nmol mol^?1/24 h (7.1 μmol mol^?1‐h AOT40) also decreased the shoot dry weight. An increase in the O₃ concentration to 75 (9.4–17.8 μmol mol^?1‐h AOT40) and 116 nmol mol^?1 (19.8 μmol mol^?1‐h AOT40) further decreased shoot and root dry weights. A moderate O₃ exposure (42 nmol mol^?1/12 h = 2.5 μmol mol^?1‐h AOT40) increased the plant height and leaf size, while a further increase in O₃ concentration and exposure time decreased both of these variables. The birch provenances generally had a similar response to the O₃ treatments. The accumulated O₃ exposure over the 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 nmol mol^?1 concentrations (AOT0, AOT10, AOT20, AOT30, AOT40 and AOT50, respectively) was calculated for all O₃ treatments. The shoot and root dry weights were correlated best with AOT40 and AOT30, and were estimated to decrease by 10% at an AOT40 of 7.0 and 5.5 μmol mol^?1‐h, respectively. The development of O₃ injury (yellow stipples/chlorosis) was most marked when correlated with AOT40.