树舌灵芝中3种化学成分的分离与鉴定

采用系统溶剂法、HPLC分离化学成分,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定结构,研究了树舌灵芝的化学成分,分离得到3个化合物,分别为甘露醇、海藻糖和麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇。其中海藻糖为首次从树舌灵芝中分离得到。     

Thinning time during stage I and fruit spacing influences fruit size of ‘Contender’ peach

Early peach thinning during stage I was done at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 days after full bloom (DAFB). At each thinning time, trees were hand-thinned to achieve different crop loads by spacing flowers or fruits 10, 15, or 25 cm along the shoot on whole tree canopies. In 2001 and 2002, fruit weight decreased quadratically with increasing time to hand-thin and increased linearly with increasing spacing. In both years, fruit diameter decreased linearly with increasing time to thin and increased linearly with increased fruit spacing. In both years, number of fruits harvested and yield per tree decreased linearly with increased spacing. Hand-thinning at 0 or 10 DAFB resulted in fewer fruit and lower yield; therefore, thinning at 20 DAFB was better. The effect of time of thinning on soluble solids was not consistent. In both years spacing (i.e., crop load) did not affect soluble solids.     

SSR方法标记桃果肉近核色素

[目的]利用SSR分子标记法标记桃(Prunus persica(L.)Batsch)果肉近核色素。[方法]以"重阳红"与"金保"2个桃品种为亲本构建正交F1群体,选取其中138株后代作为标记群体,采用分离群体分组分析(bulked segregant analysis,BSA)法,将果肉近核色素分为"有"和"无"2个基因池,应用SSR分子标记技术寻找与桃果肉近核色素性状基因连锁的分子标记。[结果]通过对256对引物的筛选,获得了3对与控制桃果肉近核色素性状基因连锁的分子标记,即UDP96-003、ch04g09和UDP97-402,同时计算得到这3个标记与桃果肉近核色素性状基因的遗传距离分别为16.7、10.1和17.0 cM。[结论]该研究为进一步筛选遗传距离更近的共显性分子标记奠定了基础。     

涝渍对桃、李幼苗根系酶活性及渗透调节物质含量的影响

为了探讨涝渍胁迫对桃和李根部代谢的影响,以1年生索瑞斯李扦插苗和毛桃实生苗为试材,研究了在持续淹水胁迫下,其根系中无氧呼吸酶、抗氧化酶活性以及渗透调节物质含量的变化。结果表明,在持续淹水8d中,二者根系乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)活性均呈降-升-降的变化趋势;乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性则先升后降,但李苗LDH活性达最大值时间比桃苗早,达到峰值后李苗下降较慢而桃苗下降迅速;桃苗根系过氧化物酶(POD)活性变化呈先升后降的单峰曲线,而李苗呈升-降-升的双峰曲线,桃苗POD活性峰值比李苗高,而李苗POD保持较高活性持续时间长;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈降-升-降趋势,二者淹水前CAT活性很高;脯氨酸(Pro)含量均呈升-降-升的变化趋势,而可溶性糖含量变化幅度不大。     

早中熟鲜食黄桃新品种‘黄水蜜’

 ‘黄水蜜’是从‘旅大60-21-129’的实生后代中选育出的早中熟、鲜食、黄肉普通桃新品种。果实椭圆形, 果皮底色金黄、着色鲜红, 果皮厚, 易剥皮; 平均单果质量200 g, 最大280 g; 果肉亮黄色, 硬溶质, 汁多, 味甜, 香气浓郁; 离核; 有花粉; 丰产; 在郑州地区6月25日左右成熟。     

The almond Sf haplotype shows a double expression despite its comprehensive genetic identity

Since self-compatibility has become the primary objective of most almond breeding programmes, search for new self-compatibility sources has acquired a great importance in almond research. The local Spanish cultivar ‘Vivot’, identified as showing the genotype S₂₃S_f, thus presumably self-compatible, was found to be unexpectedly self-incompatible in spite of the presence of the S_f allele, as also observed in other almond cultivars. However, not only the coding sequences of both the S_f-RNase and the SFB_f of ‘Vivot’ and ‘Blanquerna’, a confirmed self-compatible cultivar, were identical, but also the 5′ regulatory sequence of the S_f-RNase of both. Thus, the reason for the different expression of the S_f is independent of the complete genetic identity found in the whole chromosome region bordering the S-locus in the almond cultivars sharing the S_f allele.     

Combined application of antagonist Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and essential oils for the control of peach postharvest diseases

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PPCB004 was selected as a potential antagonist to control Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Rhizopus stolonifer on peach fruit. The HPLC data of PPCB004 indicated the lipopeptides iturin A, fengycin and surfactin as secondary metabolites. The GC/MS analysis of PPCB004 showed 3-hydroxy-2-butanone as the dominant compound (97.52% of relative peak area). Thyme (TO) and lemongrass (LO) oils showed over 50% and 25% inhibition of radial mycelial growth respectively with 8 μl oil per plate for all pathogens. Combination treatment with both oils failed to increase the percentage inhibition of radial mycelial growth of the pathogens. Combined application of PPCB004 with TO or LO was tested to assess the effectiveness in the control of these pathogens during postharvest storage. The biofilm formation of PPCB004 was significantly higher in LO than TO. LO (6 μl plate⁻¹) and PPCB004 completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogens. Fruit inoculation trials with PPCB004 + LO in NatureFlex™ modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), showed lower disease incidence and severity at 25 °C for 5 d than treatments with PPCB004 + MAP, PPCB004 + TO + MAP, LO + MAP, TO + MAP or stand-alone MAP. On naturally infected fruit, PPCB004 + LO + MAP and LO + MAP treatments retained the total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio and flesh firmness but failed to stimulate the levels of total phenolic content, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activities. Combination of PPCB004 (spray treatment) + LO (in pad delivery system) in NatureFlex™ MAP showed absence of disease and off-flavour development, retained the overall appearance and increased the overall acceptance at market shelf conditions (20 °C for 2 d) after cold storage at 4 °C for 14 d.     

早熟桃省力化栽培试验初报

对早熟桃[Prunus persica(L.)Batsch]品种春雪(P.persica cv.Chunxue)、春艳(P.persica cv.Chunyan)、春美(P.persica cv.Chunmei)进行了宽行密株稀植垄栽试验。结果表明,春美对流胶病的抗性强,春雪要加强流胶病的防控;喷施1 000 mg/L多效唑可抑制新梢伸长、控制树干增粗和树冠扩大;袋控缓释肥养分释放均匀持久,施用后桃树细根扩展多,地上部分生长好,有利于结果枝的培养。     

果胶酶和纤维素酶在桃果实成熟和絮败中的作用

 测定了果胶酶和纤维素酶在桃果实软化和絮败过程中的活性, 分析了贮前加温和中途加温的酶学效应。果实软化的启动似乎与PE、PG和纤维素酶活性的上升有关。endo-PG和纤维素酶活性与果实絮败程度之间呈显著负相关(r = - 0. 9408 , r = - 0. 9234) 。低温胁迫引起桃果实冷害絮败的本质是细胞壁果胶质的降解过程受阻。果胶质降解过程除了受到果胶酶的直接控制之外, 还受到纤维素酶的重要影响。中途加温或贮前加温减轻冷害的原因在于避免了低温胁迫对endo2PG和纤维素酶造成不可逆的伤害, 从而保证了果胶质降解过程的正常进行。     

Influence of genotype,year and type of fruiting branches on the productive behaviour of almond

The effect of the type of fruiting branch was studied over 2 years in nine almond selections in order to investigate its relationship with bloom density, fruit set, the level of the subsequent crop, and the physical traits of the fruits. The effect of the fruiting branch, defined by the presence of spurs, was found to be highly significant for bloom density, productivity and fruit size, but not for fruit shape, showing that nut and kernel shapes are cultivar traits. Bloom density and its components, as well as fruit set, fruit density and productivity were highly genotype and year dependent, but the interaction genotype × year was less important or even non-significant, stressing the special behaviour of each genotype as well as the effect of the year, probably linked to the climatic conditions and to the physiological status of the trees.