Multiple‐Aetiology Enteric Infections Involving Non‐O157 Shiga Toxin‐Producing Escherichia coli – FoodNet, 2001–2010

We describe multiple‐aetiology infections involving non‐O157 Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) identified through laboratory‐based surveillance in nine FoodNet sites from 2001 to 2010. A multiple‐aetiology infection (MEI) was defined as isolation of non‐O157 STEC and laboratory evidence of any of the other nine pathogens under surveillance or isolation of >1 non‐O157 STEC serogroup from the same person within a 7‐day period. We compared exposures of patients with MEI during 2001–2010 with those of patients with single‐aetiology non‐O157 STEC infections (SEI) during 2008–2009 and with those of the FoodNet population from a survey conducted during 2006–2007. In total, 1870 non‐O157 STEC infections were reported; 68 (3.6%) were MEI; 60 included pathogens other than non‐O157 STEC; and eight involved >1 serogroup of non‐O157 STEC. Of the 68 MEI, 21 (31%) were part of six outbreaks. STEC O111 was isolated in 44% of all MEI. Of patients with MEI, 50% had contact with farm animals compared with 29% (P < 0.01) of persons with SEI; this difference was driven by infections involving STEC O111. More patients with non‐outbreak‐associated MEI reported drinking well water (62%) than respondents in a population survey (19%) (P < 0.01). Drinking well water and having contact with animals may be important exposures for MEI, especially those involving STEC O111.     

Occurrence,Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Resistance of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) from Twelve Bovine Farms in the North‐East of Ireland

Cattle faecal samples (n = 480) were collected from a cluster of 12 farms, and PCR screened for the presence of the intimin gene (eae). Positive samples were cultured, and colonies were examined for the presence of eae and verocytotoxin (vtx) genes. Colonies which were positive for the intimin gene and negative for the verocytotoxin genes were further screened using PCR for a range of virulence factors including bfpA, espA, espB, tir ehxA, toxB, etpD, katP, saa, iha, lpfA_{O157/OI‐141} and lpfA_{O157/OI‐154.} Of the 480 faecal samples, 5.8% (28/480) were PCR positive, and one isolate was obtained from each. All 28 isolates obtained were bfpA negative and therefore atypical EPEC (aEPEC). The serotypes detected included O2:H27, O8:H36, O15:H2, O49:H+, O84:H28, O105:H7 and O132:H34 but half of the isolates could not be serogrouped using currently available antisera. Twenty‐two (79%) of the isolates carried the tir gene but only 25% were espB positive, and all other virulence genes tested for were scarce or absent. Several isolates showed intermediate resistance to ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, minocycline and tetracycline; full resistance to nalidixic acid or tetracycline with one isolate (O?:H8) displaying resistance to aminoglycosides (kanamycin and streptomycin), quinolones (nalidixic acid) and sulphonamides. This study provides further evidence that cattle are a potential source of aEPEC and add to the very limited data currently available on virulence genes and antibiotic resistance in this pathogenic E. coli group in animals.     

输卵管炎种鸭大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性分析

为分析表现输卵管炎种鸭体内分离的大肠杆菌的致病性、药敏试验、血清型及毒力基因携带情况,无菌采集表现输卵管炎的种鸭肝脏,进行大肠杆菌的分离鉴定,经易感鸭皮下注射,测定其致病性;纸片法进行药敏试验;凝集试验确定血清型;PCR法检测毒力基因.结果共分离鉴定大肠杆菌16株,其中强毒菌株11株.70％以上菌株表现敏感的药物有丁胺卡那霉素、氟苯尼考、头孢唑啉、左氧氟沙星和壮观霉素,70％以上菌株表现耐受的药物有复方新诺明、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、恩诺沙星和氟哌酸.16株大肠杆菌分属于4个血清型,078占56.3％,为主要血清型.毒力基因irp2、yuA、imC和pa pC的检出率分别为68.8％、87.5％、75％和100％.总结说明,从表现输卵管炎的种鸭体内共分离到16株大肠杆菌,078是主要的血清型,首选壮观霉素和氟苯尼考等敏感药物进行治疗.     

中西药联用对禽源大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果研究

[目的]探讨中西药联用对禽源大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果.[方法]采用微量肉汤稀释法测定2种临床常用西药（氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星）和4味中药（黄连、黄芩、金银花和板蓝根）对大肠杆菌多重耐药菌株的MIC值,探讨2种西药和4味中药联用对禽源大肠杆菌多重耐药菌株的体外抑菌活性.[结果]6种药物对大肠杆菌标准菌株和多重耐药菌株均具有抑菌活性.在8种中西药联用药物组合中,氟苯尼考/黄芩、恩诺沙星/黄连、恩诺沙星/黄芩3组药物组合联用具有相加作用,其他5组中西药物组合均呈现无关作用.[结论]该研究可为进一步筛选有效药物组合防治禽大肠杆菌病提供重要指导.     

鸡大肠杆菌病和新城疫混合感染的诊断与防治

通过对新疆哈密地区某养鸡场发生的大肠杆菌病与新城疫混合感染疫情的诊治,笔者从该病的发病情况、临床症状、病理变化、实验室诊断、治疗、预防等方面对鸡大肠杆菌病与新城疫混合感染疫病进行了较全面的介绍。     

人工合成抗菌肽D2A21基因的克隆和表达

为了获得高效表达的抗菌肽D2A21,本研究根据抗菌肽D2A21的氨基酸序列及大肠杆菌偏爱的密码子,设计并人工合成D2A21基因,并将该合成基因克隆至pProEXHTb载体中,构建成含有含6个组氨酸标签的重组质粒。重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌中,经摇瓶发酵,IPTG诱导后,发酵液用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析。结果表明,成功合成D2A21基因,并构建了抗菌肽D2A21表达载体。通过镍柱亲和层析纯化,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析,抗菌肽D2A21能够在大肠杆菌中稳定表达。本研究将为大规模表达纯化D2A21及其进一步的研究和利用提供一定基础。     

养殖场鸡粪在蔬菜上的合理安全施用技术研究

研究以不同方式施用生物有机肥、腐植酸和集约化养殖禽畜粪肥等对菜心产量和品质的影响,探讨适用于集约化菜地的禽畜粪合理施用技术。设无机肥、生物有机肥、腐植酸、鸡粪和复合芽孢杆菌等不同组合处理,进行连续六茬菜心田间试验,研究比较不同处理对菜心产量、品质、大肠杆菌群数量和重金属累积的影响。结果表明,连续六茬3000 kg/hm2鸡粪+复合芽孢杆菌处理菜心产量均为最高且均显著高于单施无机肥处理,复合芽孢杆菌堆沤鸡粪处理产量次之。所有处理间可溶性糖与维生素C含量变化均未表现出明显规律,鸡粪+芽孢杆菌处理除第一茬外的其它五茬菜心亚硝酸盐含量和大肠杆菌群数量均较低。六茬菜心Cu、Zn和As含量均没有明显差别且未超过国家食品卫生标准。在施用无机肥基础上配施适量重金属含量低于我国肥料重金属限值的鸡粪,并在菜心生长过程中淋施复合芽孢杆菌,不但提高菜心产量,而且保障菜心品质安全,是集约化养殖禽畜粪肥在集约化菜地的合理安全施用方式。     

黑龙江 家兔大肠埃希氏菌污染情况的调查

在自１９９６年至１９９９年的４年中，共从腹泻兔群中分离出１５株致病性大肠杆菌，血清型鉴定表示，这１５株大肠杆菌分属于７个血清型，其中以０６８的频率最高，达２０．０％，其次是０７和０１３０，达１３．３％。用试管凝集试验对１９９６年前自黑龙江省部分兔群中采集的血清进行检查，发现以０１３和０７血清型的污染率最高，分别达４８．４％和２４．３％。结果表明，近年来血清型的菌株流行为主，变为最近两年的以０６８等     

Expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase cDNA from rice in E. coli BL21DE3

AIM: To study the expression and its kinetics of rice phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene encoding into E. coli as the basis of treatment for phenylketouria. METHODS: The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase-1-cDNA(rPAL-1-cDNA) from rice was recombined into E. coli high expression vector pET-28c and transformed into E. coli host strain BL21DE3. Engineering bacteria was then inducted by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) for 1, 3, 5, 7 hours, in order to obtain high level expression. RESULTS: After induction, the expression level of fusion protein was 21.40%, 30.60%, 35.40%, 35.43% respectively. The fusion protein exhibited a band of 78.6 kD on SDS-PAGE analysis, but was not found in controls.The target protein was mainly existed in the form of inclusion body. CONCLUSION:Rice PAL gene expressing E. coli was established by gentic engineering technique.     

Detection of Serotypes and Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli from Piglets in Beijing

To investigate the cause of piglets diarrhea, and the distribution of the serotype and virulence factors of swine Escherichia coli in Beijing, 400 diarrhea samples were collected. TSA serum agar culture method was used to isolate Escherichia coli, serotype identification test and virulence factor genes test were used to verify the presence of O-antigen. 64 strains of E.coli were isolated from 400 diarrhea samples, among which 42 strains of E.coli were classified as 8 serotypes:O101(18.7%),O64(12.5%),O8(10.9%),O20(10.9%),O45(4.7%),O149(4.7%),O2(1.6%) and O89(1.6%), and the major virulence factors were STa, Stx2e, astA and eaeA. There were 8 mainly serotypes that caused piglets diarrhea in Beijing area, among which O101 serotype accounted for the highest proportion. The major virulence factors were astA and eaeA, accounted for more than 50% of all strains, STa and Stx2e accounted for more than 30% of all strains. These data would provide effective data to support the prevention and control of piglet diarrhea in Beijing.