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31.
潮土长期不同施氮水平对秸秆降解及其细菌群落结构的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
农田过量施氮所引发的问题已经引起广泛关注,但长期施氮后土壤无机氮水平状况及其对秸秆降解的作用尚不清楚。本研究以中国科学院封丘农业生态实验站长期(2005~2018年)施氮肥(5个施氮水平:0(N0)、150(N1)、190(N2)、,230(N3)和270 (N4)kg ha-1 yr-1)的潮土为研究对象,开展短期(50天)的秸秆降解-土壤培育实验。培育期间监测秸秆碳的矿化、土壤无机氮(硝态氮和铵态氮)、可溶性有机碳、微生物生物量碳的动态变化,利用高通量测序测定细菌群落结构。结果表明,长期施氮后,土壤无机氮含量和秸秆碳的矿化率随施氮水平的升高而增加。不同长期施氮水平的土壤细菌群落结构呈现显著差异。网络分析揭示:秸秆降解过程中细菌群落内部物种间的共现模式随长期施氮水平发生改变,具体体现为长期高施氮水平下细菌群落彼此间的负相关得到了加强;同时,变形菌主导地位减弱、酸杆菌主导地位增强。综上,土壤无机氮含量、细菌群落结构及物种之间的关系随着长期施氮水平的不同发生了改变。本研究探究了长期不同施氮水平下土壤中无机氮的水平状况、秸秆降解状况以及秸秆降解过程中土壤细菌的生物特性,以期为秸秆还田和科学施氮提供一定的数据支撑和思路启示。 相似文献
32.
[目的]筛选并分析天山一号冰川冰层产淀粉酶的低温酵母菌。[方法]对天山一号冰川冰层含冰冻土产低温淀粉酶的低温酵母菌菌株进行筛选、纯化,并对其生理多样性和系统发育多样性进行研究。[结果]从天山一号冰川冰层含冰冻土中分离出60株酵母菌,并从中筛选出6株产低温淀粉酶的菌株,根据细胞菌落形态、菌体特征和26S rDNA D1/D2区域序列系统发育分析,6株菌分别隶属于红酵母属(Rhodotorula)、隐球菌属(Cryptococcus)和掷孢酵母属(Sporobolomyces),最适生长温度为20~24℃,为兼性耐冷细菌。[结论]研究可为了解冰川酵母菌的系统发育多样性以及低温淀粉酶的生物技术研发奠定基础。 相似文献
33.
从黑龙江省西瓜主产区分离露地西瓜果斑病病原菌18份,经过致病性测定,其中有8份对西瓜具有致病性。通过培养性状观察、显微形态观察、染色及生理生化测定,证明这8个菌株为燕麦食酸菌西瓜亚种。这8个菌株的寄主范围不尽相同。 相似文献
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35.
The bacterial flora occurring in brackish pond water, sediment, gills and intestine of healthy tilapia cultured in Saudi Arabia were estimated both quantitatively and qualitatively, and the isolates were identified to genus or species level. Total viable count of bacteria ranged from 1.4±1.5×103 to 8.6±2.7×103 cfu ml−1; 1.2±3.1×106 to 7.3±1.1×107 cfu g−1; 8.7±1.9×105 to 2.1±0.9×106 cfu g−1; and 2.8±2.4×107 to 1.0±1.6×108 cfu g−1 in the pond water, sediment, gills and intestine of brackish water tilapia, respectively. In total, 19 bacterial species were identified. The bacteria were predominantly Gram-negative rods (87%). Pond water and sediment bacteria influenced the bacterial composition of gills and intestine of tilapia. In contrast to gill bacteria, more diversification was observed in intestinal bacteria. The predominant (prevalence >10%) bacterial species were Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio carchariae, Vibrio alginolyticus, Chryseomonas sp., Vibrio vulnificus, and Streptococcus sp. in all the populations with the exception of the sediment population where Streptococcus sp. was replaced by Shewanella putrefaciens. Vibrio spp. (58% of the total isolates) dominated the total bacterial population. 相似文献
36.
Soil pH is one of the most influential variables in soil, and is a powerful factor in influencing the size, activity and community structure of the soil microbial community. It was previously shown in a century old artificial pH gradient in an arable soil (pH 4.0-8.3) that bacterial growth is positively related to pH, while fungal growth increases with decreasing pH. In an attempt to elucidate some of the mechanisms for this, plant material that especially promotes fungal growth (straw) or bacterial growth (alfalfa) was added to soil samples of the pH gradient in 5-day laboratory incubation experiments. Also, bacterial growth was specifically inhibited by applying a selective bacterial growth inhibitor (bronopol) along the entire pH gradient to investigate if competitive interaction caused the shift in the decomposer community along the gradient. Straw benefited fungal growth relatively more than bacterial, and vice versa for alfalfa. The general pattern of a shift in fungal:bacterial growth with pH was, however, unaffected by substrate additions, indicating that lack of a suitable substrate was not the cause of the pH effect on the microbial community. In response to the bacterial growth inhibition by bronopol, there was stimulation of fungal growth up to pH 7, but not beyond, both for alfalfa and straw addition. However, the accumulation of ergosterol (an indicator of fungal biomass) during the incubation period after adding alfalfa increased at all pHs, indicating that fungal growth had been high at some time during the 5-day incubation following joint addition of alfalfa and bronopol. This was corroborated in a time-series experiment. In conclusion, the low fungal growth at high pH in an arable soil was caused to a large extent by bacterial competition, and not substrate limitation. 相似文献
37.
At two occasions (2004 and 2006), a similar cluster of culturable bacteria was found to be selected in the mycosphere of the basidiomycetous fungus Laccaria proxima (Agaricales, Tricholomataceae) in the field. The bacteria, identified as related to Variovorax paradoxus, comprised 7.3-9% of the total culturable bacterial community in the L. proxima mycosphere, but were not found in corresponding bulk soil (<0.3%). One strain, denoted HB44, was selected in order to unravel the basis of the V. paradoxus mycosphere competence in in vitro experiments with the former Laccaria laccata, which was recently reclassified as Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten (Agaricales, Tricholomataceae). In liquid culture experiments, L. strain Karsten was shown to be an avid producer of glycerol, next to acetate and formate, which constituted the most abundant carbonaceous compounds released. Strain HB44 was able to grow avidly at the expense of the glycerol liberated by the fungus, as evidenced by proton NMR analysis of the fungal exudates in the medium before and after bacterial growth. In sterilized field soil, strain HB44 survived significantly better in the presence than in the absence of L. strain Karsten. Addition of a glycerol series to the sterilized soil (without the fungus) resulted in the persistence or growth of strain HB44, but only if the pH of this soil was previously set at 5.5. Thus, we provide evidence for the contention that tricholomataceous fungi can create specific niches in soil for the V. paradoxus-related strain HB44 and that glycerol may be a main carbon source that drives the selection of this organism. 相似文献
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39.
研究了2003 年夏季长白赤松和红松土壤微生物活性对高浓度CO2的响应规律。结果表明,长白赤松和红松土壤细菌数量受高浓度CO2影响显著(p < 0.05)减少;与对照箱(350 μmol ·mol-1 CO2)和裸地(350 μmol ·mol-1 CO2)相比,红松土壤淀粉酶和转化酶活性降低,而长白赤松土壤淀粉酶和转化酶活性却表现为增加;同时发现受700 μmol ·mol-1 CO2处理的红松和长白赤松土壤微生物生物量碳均表现为显著降低。DGGE 结果表明:受高浓度CO2 的影响,长白赤松和红松土壤细菌群落结构发生了明显的变化。研究结果表明土壤微生物对高浓度CO2的响应规律与所研究的的树种有关。图2 表2 参29。 相似文献
40.