冬季低温条件下6种水生植物水质氮、磷净化能力比较

选取大聚藻、香菇草、鸢尾、黄菖蒲、金鱼藻和黑藻等6种水生植物,在静水条件下比较水质氮、磷净化能力。结果显示：(1)大聚藻和香菇草具有较好的生物量增长,鸢尾和黄菖蒲能保持正常生长且生物量有所增长,金鱼藻基本停止生长,黑藻出现部分腐烂现象;(2)6种水生植物总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)平均净化率存在较大差异,与无水生植物的空白对照相比,大聚藻、香菇草、鸢尾、黄菖蒲、金鱼藻和黑藻的TN净化增效作用分别为45.7%,39.6%,18.7%,16.4%,6.1%和－4.1%,TP净化增效作用分别为31.1%,30.1%,16.7%,9.9%,3.3%和－2.0%;(3)大聚藻、香菇草可以作为优选水生植物在冬季低温条件下应用于各种生态净水工程。     

Presence–absence sampling for Tetranychus urticae and its predator Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Tetranychidae; Phytoseiidae) on strawberries

The use of snails as biocontrol agents against other snails and against aquatic weeds is reviewed, evaluating their success and their impacts on non-target organisms. The predatory snail Euglandina rosea (and other species), although widely used against Achatina fulica (the giant African land snail) on Pacific and Indian Ocean islands, has not been shown to control A. fulica but has seriously impacted endemic island species. The facultative predator Rumina decollata , used in California against Helix aspersa (brown garden snail), is widely considered to be environmentally benign. However, evidence of its effectiveness is weak and it will also consume native snails. Ampullariid and thiarid freshwater snails have been used as competitors (and incidental predators) of snail vectors of human schistosomes, the parasites causing schistosomiasis (bilharzia). Successful control has been reported but impacts on native biotas have been essentially ignored. Ampullariids have been used in attempts to control aquatic weeds, sometimes successfully, but again with little consideration of impacts on native biota. Most snails have generalist feeding habits. Thus they are inappropriate biocontrol agents because of their potential nontarget effects. Rarely has adequate pre-release testing of snails been undertaken and post-release monitoring of non-target impacts has always been incidental. The use of non-native snails for biocontrol purposes is poorly regulated; many introductions are unofficial and sometimes illegal. Use of snails as biocontrol agents, if implemented, must be based on adequate pre-release testing, post-release monitoring and genuine concern for preservation of native biodiversity.     

衰亡期沉水植物对水和沉积物磷迁移的影响

通过室内模拟的方式,分别研究了秋季黑藻、苦草和春季菹草的衰亡过程,分析了沉水植物在衰亡期间水、沉积物中磷与环境因子[pH、氧化还原电位(Eh)和溶解氧(DO)]的相互作用。结果表明:沉水植物黑藻和菹草在衰亡期间能显著提高水中总磷(TP)、溶解性总磷(DTP)、颗粒磷(PP)、溶解性活性磷(SRP)和溶解性有机磷(DOP)的含量;苦草在衰亡期对水体各形态磷含量影响不显著,且各形态磷含量的变化相对较小(TP,0.04-0.06 mg/L);环境因子的变化对水中磷含量影响显著,黑藻和菹草水体中TP的含量和环境因子pH、DO和Eh均呈负相关,而苦草组水中各形态磷的含量受环境因子影响不显著。实验期间不同植物组沉积物中总磷(TP)、NaOH提取磷(NaOH-P)、HCl提取磷(HCl-P)、无机磷(IP)和有机磷(OP)的含量均呈上升趋势。沉积物IP的含量主要受NaOH-P的影响,OP对TP的影响要大于IP,沉积物OP与OM(有机质)的含量存在显著正相关。     

柳州市水生蔬菜产业发展现状及规划

分析阐述了柳州市水生蔬菜产业的基本情况、资源分布、产品开发等现状,总结了水生蔬菜产业在生产、管理、技术探索中取得的成果．并提出柳州市水生蔬菜产业发展的总体规划与促进产业发展的主要策略。     

马鞍山地区水生蔬菜生产现状与发展趋势

通过对马鞍山地区主要种植的水生蔬菜种类及生产现状进行分析．指出了马鞍山地区水生蔬菜生产存在传统品种较多、栽培方式落后、生产管理粗放的问题,并分析出了其今后的发展趋势。     

水生蔬菜在水体修复中的应用概况

利用水生蔬菜进行水体修复的最大优点是其经济价值与水体修复功能的良好结合。总结了水生蔬菜在水体修复中的作用机理、应用优势及应用现状．并指出充分利用水生蔬菜植物构建水体修复系统、保障水体修复系统中的水生蔬菜产品质量安全与产量应是今后重点研究的问题。     

网箱养鳝水体适宜水生植物的筛选

从经济价值、对水深的适应性及植株扩展度3个方面对长江流域适宜种植的23种水生植物进行了筛选．认为菜用睡莲（咖n加aeaspp．）、蕹菜（昂0埘0eaaquatiea）、菱角（Trapaspp．）及芡实（Euryaleferox）4种水生经济植物比较适合于网箱养蟮水体种植,并提出了相应的栽培技术要点。     

Extractability and nutritional value of leaf protein from tropical aquatic plants

In a study conducted on the extraction of protein from the leaves of 30 freshwater aquatic plants, the highest standing crop fresh yield was found inTypha latifolia (2650g/m²). The Bio-Medical Data Processing (BMDP)K-means clustering program withK=2 showed that 11 of the 30 plants had a high protein nitrogen extractability as well as a high nitrogen content of the extracted protein. Among these, leaf protein fromAllmania nodiflora had the highest content of crude protein (62.7%) and β-carotene (782.4 μg/g). Leaf protein prepared fromHygrophila spinosa, Ottelia alismoides andPolygonum barbatum had low in-vitro digestibility. The levels of alkaloids and polyphenols were lower in the extracted protein compared to that present in the original leaf sample.     

How different or similar are nematode communities between a paddy and an upland rice fields across a flooding-drainage cycle?

The paddy field is being recognised as a biodiversity hotspot fostering a variety of organisms. However, there are few studies on the ecology of paddy field nematodes. We characterised nematode communities in rice paddy fields by comparing them with upland fields of rice or soybean. We examined nematode communities of the top (0-15 mm) and second (15-50 mm) soil layers before flooding (March or April), during flooding (June or July) and during the draining period (October) 2007-2009. We found that the nematode community in the paddy was different than that in the upland fields during all periods. Rhabdolaimus, Tobrilus, Mesodorylaims and Monhysteridae characterised the top of the paddy and Hirschmanniella characterised the second layer of the paddy. Total nematode density was generally lower in the paddy than in the upland field. However, the density in the paddy top layer increased with time from the flooding period to the draining period, during which time it was about the same as (or even greater than) the peak density in the upland fields. The density in the second layer of the paddy remained lower than that in the top layer of the paddy throughout the time course. Community diversity values were generally greater in the paddy top layer than in the paddy second layer across the six sampling periods, but periodic differences between the paddy and upland fields or between soil layers were not significant. During the flooding period, the F/(F + B) (13-37) and Enrichment Index (17-38) values were lower in the paddy than in the upland fields (32-47, 37-74, respectively) to reflect that bacteria dominate over fungi with slow decomposition due to anaerobic conditions in the flooded paddy field. In addition, particularly in the top layer, the Maturity (2.0-2.4) and Structure Index (23-72) values were greater in the paddy than in the upland fields (1.7-2.1, 9-15, respectively), indicating a well-developed ecosystem under water. These unique nematode communities persisted during the draining period, but there was a rapid increase in opportunistic bacterivores, which increased the EI values. We suggest that bactivorous nematodes in the families Cephalobidae and Chronogasteridae, herbivores in the genus Hirschmanniella, and fungivores in the genus Filenchus may be specific to paddy field soil rather than to pond and lake sediments.     

滇东地区水生蔬菜资源在金华的适应性调查

为丰富浙江水生蔬菜种质资源,收集了滇东地区16份水生蔬菜种质资源,将其保存在金华市农业科学研究院水生蔬菜种质资源圃中,分析和调查其适应性。试验结果表明,搜集的水生蔬菜种质资源均表现出较好的适应性,并能完成整个生育期,可安全越夏越冬,但在5-7月的高温多雨季节,病害发生较严重,应注意防治。