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11.
“早衰”是高粱生产和育种上存在的普遍现象。长期以来被认为是一种生理性病害。经4年研究证明它是草酸青霉(Penicilliem axalicum)和纤细交链孢霉(Allernaria allernala)于初花期浸染而引起的一种高粱穗部病害。主要症状是颖壳及与其连接的枝梗组织坏死,阻止了养分、水分向上输导,造成籽粒秕瘦变小。一般减产10%以上。这是国内首次报道的高粱新病害,定名为高粱青霉颖枯病,此病在初花期用多菌灵防治有较好效果。 相似文献
12.
13.
小麦干湿交替条件下的水分利用效率与生物学性状 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在防雨棚盆栽试验条件下,以“A115”、“4185”为材料,用干湿交替方法研究了3种水分组合下小麦的水分利用效率与生物学性状的相关关系。结果表明产量水平的水分利用效率与株高、穗数、单株生物量、光合速率、蒸腾速率和产量成显著正相关;与除此而外的其他被测生物学性状不相关或相关不显著。叶片水平的水分利用效率与气孔导度和蒸腾速率成极显著负相关关系,与穗粒数和分蘖数成显著负相关关系;与其他被测性状不相关或相关不显著。 相似文献
14.
Caroline Hennin Elke Diederichsen Monica Hfte 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2001,59(6):287
Tomato and transgenic oilseed rape plants expressing the Cf-9 resistance gene develop a hypersensitive response (HR) after injection of the corresponding Avr9 gene product. It was investigated whether induction of a HR conferred resistance to different fungal pathogens in tomato and oilseed rape. Induction of an AVR9 mediated HR at the pathogen infection site delayed the development of the biotrophs Oidium lycopersicum in tomato and Erysiphe polygoni in oilseed rape, but enhanced the development of the necrotrophs Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani in tomato and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in oilseed rape. Interestingly, delayed fungal disease development was observed in plant tissues surrounding the HR lesion regardless of whether a necrotrophic or biotrophic pathogen was used. In tomato, AVR9 injection induced systemic expression of PR1, PR2 and PR3 defence genes but did not induce systemic resistance to O. lycopersicum, B. cinerea or A. solani. In oilseed rape, AVR9 injection temporarily induced systemic resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans and E. polygoni, but did not induce detectable systemic expression of PR1, PR2 or Cxc750. These results give new insights into the potential uses of an induced HR to engineer disease resistance. 相似文献
15.
I. Vloutoglou B.D.L. Fitt J.A. Lucas 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(6):585-595
Controlled environment studies were conducted to determine the effects of inoculum density, temperature, leaf wetness and light regime on the infection of linseed by Alternaria linicola. The % cotyledons and leaves with symptoms, and the disease severity (% leaf area with symptoms) increased linearly when the inoculum density increased from 1×103 to 1×105 conidiaml–1. The first symptoms appeared on cotyledons and leaves 4 and 6 days after inoculation, respectively. Eight hours of leaf wetness were sufficient to initiate the disease at 25°C but not at 15°C, when 10-h periods of leaf wetness were required. % leaf area with symptoms was lower at 15°C than that at 25°C irrespective of the leaf wetness periods tested. Interruption of a continuous leaf wetness period by a 12-h dry period, occurring at any time between 1 and 18h after inoculation, decreased the % cotyledons with symptoms and the disease severity, with the greatest reductions (60% and 100%, respectively) being observed when the dry period began 6h after inoculation. A. linicola conidia were able to exploit successive 12-h periods of leaf wetness cumulatively to infect linseed plants. Disease incidence and severity were positively correlated with the dark period following inoculation, but they were negatively related to the length of the initial light period. Our findings suggest that infection of linseed by A. linicola and further development of symptoms can occur under unfavourable environmental conditions. 相似文献
16.
Alternaria solani causes diseases on foliage (early blight), basal stems of seedlings (collar rot), stems of adult plants (stem lesions), and
fruits (fruit rot) of tomato. Early blight is the most destructive of these diseases and hence receives considerable attention
in breeding. For over 60 years, breeding for early blight resistance has been practiced, but the development of cultivars
with high levels of resistance has been hampered by the lack of sources of strong resistance in the cultivated tomato and
by the quantitative expression and polygenic inheritance of the resistance. In some accessions of wild species, high levels
of early blight resistance have been found, but breeding lines still have unfavorable horticultural traits from the donor
parent. Recently, the first linkage maps with loci controlling early blight resistance have been developed based on interspecific
crosses. These maps may facilitate marker-assisted selection. This overview presents the current knowledge about the A. solani–tomato complex with respect to its biology, genetics, and breeding. 相似文献
17.
Kumiko Oka Akiko Okubo Motoichiro Kodama Hiroshi Otani 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(3):152-158
In tomato plants, α-tomatine, a steroidal glycoalkaloid saponin, inhibits fungal growth. Tomato pathogens that produce host-specific
toxins, Alternaria alternata tomato pathotype causing Alternaria stem canker and Corynespora cassiicola causing Corynespora target spot, were investigated for sensitivity to α-tomatine. Although spore germination of A. alternata pathogenic and nonpathogenic to tomato and of C. cassiicola pathogenic to tomato was not affected by 0.1 mM α-tomatine, spore germination of C. cassiicola nonpathogenic to tomato was significantly inhibited. This result showed that A. alternata, regardless of its pathogenicity, and only the C. cassiicola pathogenic to tomato are resistant to α-tomatine. Germinating spores of A. alternata and C. cassiicola resistant to α-tomatine detoxified α-tomatine by degrading it to a less polar product. After inoculation of tomato leaves,
spores of A. alternata and C. cassiicola nonpathogenic to tomato germinated and formed appressoria, but did not form infection hyphae in host tissues. When a host-specific
toxin (CCT-toxin) produced by C. cassiicola pathogenic to tomato was added to nonpathogenic spores, colonization within leaves was observed in A. alternata, but not in C. cassiicola. On the other hand, when spores of C. cassiicola nonpathogenic to tomato were suspended in spore germination fluid of nonpathogenic A. alternata with α-tomatine detoxification activity, the fungus could be induced to colonize leaves in the presence of CCT-toxin. These
results indicate that A. alternata tomato pathotype and C. cassiicola pathogenic to tomato detoxify α-tomatine during infection and that this detoxification is essential for host colonization
by pathogens that produce host-specific toxins. 相似文献
18.
K. Elena 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,115(2):259-262
During the last three years, a new disease was observed in northwestern Greece on Minneola trees, hybrid of mandarin and grapefruit. On May small brown necrotic leaf spots surrounded by yellow halo areas of various sizes appeared and covered a major portion of the leaves with extension of necrosis into the veins. On young fruits small, slightly depressed black spots were the first symptoms, which later became 2–7 mm in diameter. Brown spots were observed on the leaves and fruits in several orchards in the same area, causing leaves and fruits to drop. In some orchards over 50% of the fruits were affected. From the fruit and leaf spots the typical small-spore species Alternaria alternata was isolated. Pathogenicity tests were performed by artificially inoculating fruits of Minneola, common mandarin and Clementine. The symptoms of the disease were reproduced only on fruits of Minneola hybrids by the specific strain of the fungus Alternaria alternata pv. citri. Different citrus susceptibility tests indicated that mandarins Minneola, Nova and Page were very susceptible to tested isolates while Clementine SRA and Poros Clementine were not. All lemons and lime Seedless were not susceptible. Grapefruit New Hall was not susceptible, while the Star Ruby was. Orange Lane Late, Navel Late, Oval Poros, Olinda, Navel Athos were not susceptible and only Moro showed reaction being slightly susceptible only to one isolate. 相似文献
19.
Daisuke Yamagishi Hajime Akamatsu Hiroshi Otani Motoichiro Kodama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(5):323-327
Host-specific AAL-toxins and mycotoxin fumonisins are structurally related and were originally isolated from the tomato pathotype
of Alternaria alternata and from Fusarium verticillioides, respectively. Previous reports on the production of fumonisin derivatives by the tomato pathotype suggested a possible involvement
in the pathogenicity of the pathogen. Here, we have evaluated the role of fumonisin in A. alternata–tomato interactions. The results indicate that highly pathogenic isolates of A. alternata tomato pathotype produce AAL-toxin as the sole toxin, strongly implicating it as a pathogenicity factor. The related compound,
fumonisin, is also toxigenic and has infection-inducing activity on susceptible tomato plants. 相似文献
20.