利用渔业设施养殖史氏鲟技术初步研究

使用水质净化设备进行水处理，在循环水条件下，用人工配合饲料进行史氏鲟室内成鱼养殖。结果表明：经12个月饲养(鱼苗-成鱼)，史氏鲟平均体重由112g增至1129g，体长由30．2cm增至77．2cm。饲养成活率为97．6％，饲料系数为1．4，在高寒地区表现了良好的生长趋势。     

健康成年黄牛血液动力流变学生理指标的无创检测

首次应用ＸＸＧ－Ａ型心血管功能测试仪对２９头健康成年黄牛进行了无创检测。经数理统计分析，获得成年黄牛血液动力流变学重量指标２５项，分别从心血管功能，血液流变状态和微循环机能等方面反映机体生理机能素质。为黄牛育种、改良及其生理、病理研究提供了重要的数据。     

A comparison of three different methodologies for evaluating Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus susceptibility to topical spray compounds

This study aimed to compare three different methodologies (Adult Immersion Tests, field trials with naturally infected animals, and a Stall Test using artificially infested cattle) to evaluate the efficacy of two topical formulations that we administered as whole body sprays (15% Cypermethrin + 30% Chlorpyriphos + 15% Fenthion–Colosso^® FC 30, Ouro Fino Agronegócios; and 60% Dichlorvos + 20% Chlorpyriphos–Ectofós^®, Vallée Saúde Animal Ltd.), against a susceptible strain of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. To achieve this objective, two natural infestation trials were conducted, as well as two artificial infestation trials (Stall Tests) and two Adult Immersion Tests (AIT). The AIT results showed that both spray formulations achieved 100% efficacy against R. (B.) microplus fully engorged females. However, when observing results obtained by field trials (natural infestations) and Stall Tests, none of these topically applied compounds reached 100% efficacy or affected the reproductive capacity of the fully engorged female ticks. Additional studies must be conducted to compare these in vivo methodologies with different in vitro techniques, such as the Larval Packet Test. However, based on results obtained here, we can conclude that depending on the spray formulations used, the AIT can overestimate acaricidal efficacy and values of reproductive efficiency of such compounds against R (B.) microplus. Specifically, when dealing with spray formulations in the Stall Tests, the period of residual action can increase because these animals are sheltered from contact with environmental factors that might interfere with the efficacy of the products tested. It may be necessary to take in vivo trial results into consideration (such as field trials with naturally infested animals or Stall Tests) to standardize a specific in vitro assay, such as the Adult Immersion Test.     

番石榴实蝇成虫对低温的耐受研究

温度是有害实蝇及其它各种昆虫进行生命活动的基本条件之一,已有研究表明温度也是影响番石榴实蝇种群变动以及发生分布的重要制约因素.番石榴实蝇成虫因其在低温条件下具有明显的“滞育”现象而被认为是适应低温不良环境的重要生活史阶段.针对番石榴实蝇这一生物学特点,本文研究了其成虫经过不同低温环境(0、3、6、9℃)处理1、3、6、12、24、48、72、96、120 h后的成活率.结果表明,在0℃条件下经过12h后番石榴实蝇成虫存活率低于40％,24h后成活率为0;在3℃环境条件下24h以后成活率在60％以上,48 h后降至20％以下;6℃条件下48 h后仍有超过50％番石榴实蝇成虫存活,96h后存活率为0;在9℃环境条件下经过72 h仍有80％成虫存活,120 h以后存活率为0.本研究对于了解番石榴实蝇生活史特点,掌握期中极端环境下的耐受能力,对全面评估其入侵扩散潜力具有重要参考价值.     

凡纳滨对虾塑料地膜高位池养成的效果

2年来,用0.54 hm2的试验池,进行了4茬凡纳滨对虾塑料地膜高位池养成试验,通过池塘建设、基础饵料培养、苗种选择放养、饲料投喂、水质管理等措施,试验取得良好的经济效益。第1茬布苗密度105万尾/hm2,经74～76 d饲养,成活率89.2%,饵料系数0.895,商品虾规格76～82尾/kg。第2茬布苗密度150万尾/hm2,经116～122 d饲养,成活率89.3%,饵料系数1.21,商品虾规格50～78尾/kg,4茬养殖共获商品虾35 400 kg,平均每茬单位面积产量16 389 kg/hm2,盈利(未扣除固定资产)510 900元,每茬利润达236 528元/hm2。     

Inheritance and QTL mapping of leaf rust resistance in the European winter wheat cultivar ‘Beaver’

Genetic studies were conducted on an European winter wheat cultivar, Beaver, to determine the mode of inheritance of leaf rust resistance at seedling and adult plant growth stages using a recombinant doubled haploid population, Beaver/Soissons. Greenhouse studies indicated the involvement of genes Lr13 and Lr26 in governing leaf rust resistance at seedling growth stages, whereas, adult plant resistance (APR) in the field with pathotypes carrying virulence individually for Lr13 and Lr26 showed trigenic inheritance for the population. Marker regression analysis of adult plant field data indicated the involvement of six significant QTLs (chromosomes 1B, 3B, 3D, 4B, 4D and 5A) in year 2005, four QTLs (1B, 3B, 4B and 5A) in 2006, and six QTLs (1A, 1B, 3B, 4A, 4B and 5A) in 2007 for reducing leaf rust severity. QTLs on chromosomes 1B, 4B and 5A were considered the most important because of their detection across years, whereas QTLs on chromosomes 1A, 3B, 3D and 4A were either inconsistent or non-significant and unexplained. Based on an association of closely linked markers with phenotypic data, putative single gene stocks were identified for each consistent QTL and crossing was initiated to develop populations segregating for each to permit fine mapping of the identified regions.     

Genetic mapping of seedling and adult plant stem rust resistance in two European winter wheat cultivars

A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross Arina/Forno was field tested for 2 years against Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici under artificially created epidemic conditions. Both parents showed intermediate adult plant stem rust responses and the RIL population showed continuous variation for this trait. Composite interval mapping identified genomic regions controlling low stem rust response on chromosomes 5B and 7D consistently across all experiments. These genomic regions were named QSr.Sun-5BL and QSr.Sun-7DS and explained on an average 12% and 26% of the phenotypic variation in adult plant stem rust response, respectively. QSr.Sun-5BL mapped close to Xglk0354 and was contributed by Arina. The Lr34-linked markers csLV34 and swm10 were closely associated with QSr.Sun-7DS suggesting the involvement of Lr34 in controlling adult plant stem rust response of cultivar Forno. Additional minor and inconsistent QTLs explaining variation in adult plant stem rust response were identified on chromosome arms 1AS and 7BL. The QTL located on chromosome 7BL corresponded to the stem rust resistance gene Sr17 carried by cultivar Forno. A seedling stem rust resistance gene carried by Arina, SrAn1, was ineffective under field conditions and was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 2A. Genotypes carrying combinations of QSr.Sun-5BL and QSr.Sun-7DS based on positive alleles of the respective closest marker loci Xglk0354 and XcsLV34 or Xswm10 exhibited a lower response than either parent indicating an additive effect of these genes. Transfer of these genes into cultivars carrying Sr2 would provide a more effective and durable resistance against the stem rust pathogen. Markers csLV34 and/or swm10 could be used in marker assisted selection of QSr.Sun-7DS in breeding programs.     

河北省保护地辣椒成株期死亡病害及其病原鉴定

近年来,成株期辣椒因病死亡现象日趋严重,已成为辣椒生产上的主要障碍,对成株期辣椒死亡原因进行研究具有重要意义。调查了河北省地区成株期辣椒死亡的病害症状,从成株期辣椒死亡植株中分离出了2类真菌的105个菌株,并通过柯赫氏法则回接试验验证了这些菌株均可导致成株期辣椒死亡,通过显微观察形态学特征和ITS序列分析,鉴定出这些病原菌分别属于辣椒疫霉菌（Phytophthora capsici）和核盘菌（Sclerotiniasclerotiorum）。     

高海拔地区二点委夜蛾诱测试验

二点委夜蛾是2005年在河北省新发现的玉米害虫,近年来在我国夏玉米种植区发生日趋严重。为研究二点委夜蛾是否有向冷凉地区扩散的习性,证明二点委夜蛾主害代为害玉米以后是否迁移到其他地区,在河北省易县选择不同海拔高度和不同地貌类型的地区进行了定点诱测试验。其中,在平原地区设置2个测试点,利用诱虫灯诱集,作为对照（CK）;在低海拔地区设置1个测试点、在高海拔地区设置3个测试点,均利用性诱剂进行诱集。结果表明：二点委夜蛾主害代没有发生的春玉米区,8～9月也没有发现其成虫;7月发生为害的平原区,8～9月有成虫活动,且7月发生越严重的区域,8～9月成虫量越高;高海拔地区未诱测到二点委夜蛾成虫。在河北省易县,二点委夜蛾主害代以后的时期,成虫未向高海拔冷凉地区迁移。     

奶牛场成母牛淘汰的原因及分析

本文对安徽淮南乳品公司奶牛一场1999～2003年540头成年泌乳奶牛的淘汰原因进行分析。结果表明:因乳房疾病淘汰的奶牛占22.4%,由于繁殖障碍淘汰的奶牛占6.8%,因为疾病(不再包括乳房疾病和繁殖疾病)淘汰的奶牛占43.5%(其中运动系统障碍占61.3%),因低产淘汰的奶牛占26.7%,而体型异常淘汰的奶牛占0.6%。这提示我们:降低成母牛非本意淘汰的比例是目前我国奶牛生产中急需研究和解决的问题之一。