Does streptobacillary arthritis reduce house mouse population density,activity and damage to sorghum crops?

An experiment to examine the effect of streptobacillary arthritis on mouse populations was conducted in maturing sorghum crops in mouse-proofed pens. There were three treatment pens and three control pens in which mice with and without clinical signs of streptobacillary arthritis were introduced, respectively. A constant mouse density (533 mice ha⁻¹) was introduced to the pens by releasing 12 mice in each pen. The sex ratio of introduced mice was also constant by releasing in each pen nine males and three females. Mean track index was lower in treatment pens than in control pens, indicating that streptobacillary arthritis reduced the activity of mice. However, this was not translated into a reduction in other population responses. Mean mouse density at harvest, percentage of female pregnant at harvest, yield loss caused by mice and a feeding index (oil card index) did not differ significantly between treatment and control groups. A plausible explanation for these findings was that mice with the clinical signs might be less active but were able to consume as much grains as mice without the clinical signs because food was in abundant supply.     

花尾榛鸡(Bonasa bonasia)在韩国温带林中的季节性移动特征(英文)

This study were carried out in the Experimental Forest (37( 48' 10" N, 127( 48' 50" E) of Gangwon Forest Development Institute, Gamjeong-ri, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Province, Korea from Dec. 1999 to Jul. 2002. Eight individuals (three males and five females) of hazel grouse were captured and they were marked with a 14-g necklace-type transmitter. The surveying results showed that females were more active than males throughout the year, but males were more mobile than females in spring. The degree of movement for females and males was similar from summer to winter. The overlap degree of habitat was very large from spring to autumn. Hazel grouse had greater shifts in area use in winter. They used similar area from spring to autumn, made a shift in their habitat use in winter, and then shifted back to the previous habitat.     

Behavioral responses of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to acute fluctuations in dissolved oxygen levels as monitored by computer vision

Behavioral and ventilatory parameters have the possibility of predicting the stress state of fish in vivo and in situ. This paper presents a new image-processing algorithm for quantifying the average swimming speed of a fish school in an aquarium. This method is based on the alteration in projected area caused by the movement of individual fish during frame sequences captured at given time intervals. The image enhancement method increases the contrast between fish and background, and is thus suitable for use in turbid aquaculture water. Behavioral parameters (swimming activity and distribution parameters) and changes in ventilation frequency (VF) of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) responded to acute fluctuations in dissolved oxygen (DO) which were monitored continuously in the course of normoxia, falling DO level, maintenance of hypoxia (three levels of 1.5, 0.8 and 0.3 mg l⁻¹) and subsequent recovery to normoxia. These parameters responded sensitively to acute variations in DO level; they displayed significant changes (P < 0.05) during severe hypoxia (0.8 and 0.3 mg l⁻¹ level) compared with normoxic condition, but there was no significant difference under conditions of mild hypoxia (1.5 mg l⁻¹ level). There was no significant difference in VF between two levels of severe hypoxia 0.8 and 0.3 mg l⁻¹ level during the low DO condition. The activity and distribution parameters displayed distinguishable differences between the 0.8 and 0.3 mg l⁻¹ levels. The behavioral parameters are thus capable of distinguishing between different degrees of severe hypoxia, though there were relatively large fluctuations.     

Behavioural interactions of seabirds with suspended mussel longlines

Increased abundances of a number of seabird species have been found in areas of mussel longline aquaculture (compared to control sites) in a recent study at Bantry Bay, southwest Ireland. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this form of mussel aquaculture also affects the activity budgets and foraging behaviour of these seabirds. Scan-sampling was used to compare seabird activity budgets between three areas of mussel longline aquaculture and three control sites. Foraging activities of Great-Northern Divers Gavia immer, an Annex 1 species under the Euopean Union's Birds Directive, were also compared between sites using focal sampling. The behaviour of gulls (Larus sp.), Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo, Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis and Great-Northern Divers (but not auks, Alcidae) differed significantly between areas of mussel aquaculture and control sites in this study. Mussel suspension buoys were heavily utilized by gulls, cormorants and shags as safe perching platforms for preening activities. Gulls also fed extensively on epifauna attached to the buoys. Great-Northern Divers spent more time snorkelling (head submerged in search of food) in mussel sites than in the control sites, however dive duration and visible foraging success rates did not differ significantly between sites. Overall, the environmental impact of mussel suspension culture appears to be positive or neutral on marine bird species occurring at this study site.     

毒死蜱对斑马鱼血清CAT和SOD活性的影响

通过对斑马鱼肌肉注射不同浓度(2、20、200、2000μg/kg)的毒死蜱,研究了斑马鱼血清中过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化情况。结果显示:在处理后24 h两种酶的活性均明显升高;在处理后96 h两种酶的活性均显著下降。说明毒死蜱对斑马鱼机体的抗氧化系统有明显的损伤作用。     

干旱胁迫对豫楸1号嫁接苗的生理生化影响研究

以1年生豫楸1号四种砧木嫁接苗(金丝楸、豫楸1号、灰楸和梓树)为试验材料通过盆栽干旱胁迫以正常浇水处理为对照,研究了不同程度干旱胁迫对这四种不同砧木豫楸1号嫁接苗在保护酶活性、脂膜透性、过氧化物的反应物积累和细胞渗透调节性物质等方面的生理生化影响。结果表明:保护酶SOD活性先上升后下降,活性表现明显的是金丝楸嫁接苗;MDA的积累都有明显增加,金丝楸嫁接苗积累最少,增加较多的是梓树嫁接苗和灰楸嫁接苗;脂膜透性都有不同程度的上升,其中梓树嫁接苗和灰楸嫁接苗上升较快,金丝楸嫁接苗积累较少。可溶性蛋白的含量都有不同程度的上升,其中金丝楸嫁接苗积累较多。经过对几项生理指标的综合方差[1]分析,认为金丝楸嫁接苗相对于其他三个品种具有较强的抗旱能力。     

猪笼草消化液中蛋白酶的活性初探

为了进。步分析猪笼草瓶状体内消化液中蛋白质的性质，本研究在不同的温度和pH条件下测定消化液中蛋白酶的活性，并且比较了3种不同沉淀方法对消化液蛋白进行的浓缩，通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺电泳对消化液蛋白作了初步分离。结果表明，猪笼草消化液中蛋白酶的最适酶活温度为50℃，且稳定性最高；当pH为5时，该蛋白酶活性出现峰值，采用氯仿-正丁醇法（5：1）沉淀浓缩猪笼草消化液蛋白样品效果最佳。聚丙烯酰胺电泳结果表明，消化液至少包括三种蛋白组分，分子量分别为24.3kD、35．1kD和61．4kD，且35．1kD条带具有抗胰蛋白酶消化活性。本研究为综合开发利用猪笼草野生资源提供理论依据。     

大豆萌发过程中谷氨酸脱羧酶活性变化研究

研究了大豆在浸泡、萌发两个过程中谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)的活力变化。通过测定大豆中γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的含量变化,间接测定大豆中GAD的活性。结果表明,大豆在25℃,浸泡10h,大豆中的GAD活性达到浸泡中最高水平,酶活性为2.45U。浸泡后的大豆在30℃,萌发40h时,酶活性达到萌发中最高水平,为1.28U。大豆在浸泡和萌发两个状态下,GAD活性较储藏期都有很大提高,且浸泡时酶活总体水平高于萌发期酶活总体水平,其中大豆GAD在25℃,浸泡10h时活性最高,为2.45U。     

酪氨酸酶的提取及其催化活性研究

［目的］进一步研究影响酪氨酸催化活性的因素，减少黑色素在生物体内的生成。［方法］以pH值7.2的Na2HPO4-HCl缓冲溶液为体系, 用分光光度计在480 nm处测定马铃薯提取液的吸光度,以吸光度对时间的变化率（ΔA/Δt） 为反应速率，建立多巴溶液的转换动力学曲线，从而可计算出酪氨酸酶的活性。［结果］结果显示，在480 nm波长下, 以pH值7.2的Na2HPO4-HCl缓冲溶液为体系，对测定体系干扰小, 所测数据波动小,酪氨酸酶的活性稳定性高，为进一步确定和研究影响酪氨酸酶活性的因素提供了理论依据。［结论］ 试验以缓冲溶液为底物研究和测定酪氨酸酶的催化活性，准确度高，效果佳。     

高校图书馆开展"阅读优质服务月"活动的实践与思考

在"世界读书日"之际,我校图书馆为了"营造校园阅读氛围,延伸图书馆的服务功能",开展了以"书籍滋养心灵,阅读充实人生"为主题的阅读优质服务月活动,活动内容丰富,活动效果受到读者的广泛欢迎,总结活动规律,将会为今后开展此类活动留下宝贵的经验.