Pb在小麦植株内吸收、分配和累积的研究

通过大田试验，研究了Pb在小麦植株中的吸收、分配和累积的动态变化规律。结果表明，在小麦整个生长过程中，不同部位Pb含量和Pb累积量随着时间的推移而变化，但从总体上看是根〉茎〉子粒。在灌浆末期，各部位Pb含量从大到小依次为：根〉废弃物〉叶〉茎〉叶鞘〉颖片〉穗轴〉子粒，地上各部位Pb累积量从大到小依次为：废弃物〉茎〉叶鞘〉颖片〉叶〉子粒〉穗轴。从结果还可以看出，小麦植株中较易富集Pb的部位是根、废弃物、茎和叶，而子粒中Pb含量和累积量均比较低。小麦在生殖生长阶段的Pb吸收量大于营养生长阶段；拔节一抽穗期和灌浆初期一灌浆中期Pb吸收量及吸收速率显著高于其他时期。     

旱地玉米双相覆盖技术在太原地区的增产效果与机理

玉米双相覆盖技术在太原生态区增产率为１４．４８％。具有苗期适宜增温促发、中期保墒促长的土壤环境效应。增产机理是：玉米地上部和地下部协调增长，叶面积大，茎秆还原糖贮量多，干物质积累也多；具持续高强度灌浆特性，加快了物质运转速度     

蔬菜硝酸盐累积及其影响因素的研究

本文综述了蔬菜硝酸盐的含量其体内硝酸盐的累积情况,探讨了影响其累积的内外因素,并提出了硝酸盐累积的防治对策以及一些新的建议。     

不同浓度钙营养液对烟草矿质营养吸收与积累的影响

本文采用温室水培的方法,研究了不同的钙素供应水平对烟草各种矿质养分的吸收与积累的影响。结果表明,在其它养分形态与浓度一致条件下,随着钙浓度从75mgL-1提高到900mgL-1,烟草生长量呈抛物线型变化。钙浓度为150mgL-1时烟株干物质量最大。超过150mgL-1,随钙的增加而下降,当钙素达900mgL-1(K/Ca为1/6)时,烟株生长严重受抑。随着供钙水平由低到高,烟株氮、磷、钾、锌、锰含量均呈抛物线型变化,含钙量呈直线上升关系,而镁和铜含量则随钙浓度提高而显著下降。烟株各养分积累量均随营养液钙浓度提高呈抛物线型变化,但不同养分出现最大积累量时的营养液钙浓度却不相同。不同供钙水平上烟叶中各元素含量的变化特征与全株的结果基本一致。在低钙浓度范围(75~300mgL-1),钙对钾有协合关系,增钙促进提钾,大于300mgL-1后有拮抗作用,提钙导致降钾。钙与镁、锌、铜、锰间也存在明显的交互作用。烟叶中各元素含量与积累量的变化趋势与整株基本一致。     

Dry matter accumulation and partitioning in cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis> L.) as influenced by potassium fertilization

The effect of potassium (K) supply on dry matter accumulation and partitioning of biomass between different among parts of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was determined under irrigated conditions. The treatments were four cotton cultivars (CIM-448, CIM-1100, Karishma, and S-12), four K rates (0, 62.5, 125, and 250 kg K ha⁻¹), and two K-fertilizer sources (K₂SO₄, KCl). Sequential harvests were collected at four stages of growth, viz first flower, peak flowering, first boll split, and maturity. The dry weights (DW) of vegetative and reproductive organs were determined. Maximum total DW was obtained at 125 days after planting, and then it declined because of leaf senescence at maturity. Cultivars differed significantly among themselves in the production of total DW and its partitioning between different organs. The addition of K fertilizer increased DW substantially at various stages of growth. Potassium fertilizer stimulated cotton plant to translocate resources towards reproductive organs rather than vegetative organs. Crop receiving 250 kg K ha⁻¹ allocated 77% more dry matter into reproductive organs. The K-sources produced a little effect on the allocation of DW in various parts of the plant. Maximum reproductive–vegetative ratio (RVR) was maintained by cv CIM-448 and minimum in cv CIM-1100. Data showed that a shift in DW allocation into reproductive organs was dependent upon sustained supply of K⁺ throughout the season. There were positive significant correlations (0.86, 0.71, and 0.90) between seed cotton yield and total DW, vegetative DW, and reproductive DW, respectively.     

Influence of saponin plants on the volatile fraction of thyme in herbal teas

Combinations of thyme, cowslip and liquorice roots are often used in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. Therefore the volatile fraction of herbal teas prepared from thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and the effect of combining with cowslip (Primula veris/P. elatior) and liquorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra) on the volatiles were analyzed. Volatile compounds were isolated by hydrodistillation and solid phase extraction and analyzed by GC-MS. Thymol was also quantified by HPLC. The total amount of volatiles as well the thymol content was decreased with increasing proportions of cowslip or liquorice in the infusion extracts whereas the proportion of monoterpene hydrocarbons increased.     

Determination of a common forest life cycle assessment method for biodiversity evaluation

Forest biodiversity is highly linked with the occurrence of certain forest development phases (fdp) within the forest life cycle. Generally, the disintegration phase provides the highest biodiversity. The objective of the study was to test different existing forest life cycle assessment approaches aiming at developing a common reliable fdp assessment method. We tested and compared three approaches to record fdp in beech, mixed beech and spruce forests, in managed and unmanaged forests, and in four different plot sizes ranging from 125 to 2000 m². The main results of the fdp comparison are as follows:

(1)

In approximately two thirds of the cases the three considered methods did not yield a corresponding fdp record.

(2)

Generally, the larger the plot sizes, the larger the average fdp deviation in forest reserves.

(3)

The fdp deviation is stronger in beech or spruce dominated forest reserves than in mixed beech forest reserves.

(4)

Plots of 500 m² show most distinct numbers of microhabitats corresponding to the fdp sequence within the forest life cycle.

(5)

Furthermore, the managed forests mostly show lower fdp deviation than the forest reserves.

One approach resulted in the most differentiated portrayal of the studied forest structures compared to the other two as shown by the facts that, (a) the studied forests are seen to be divided up into more fdp than when applying the other two methods, and that (b) the dominant fdp changed depending on the forest community and plot size reflecting different growth conditions and probabilities to meet large dimensioned trees during records, respectively, and (c) considering the distribution of microhabitats which are crucial for xylobiontic (saproxylic) organisms, this approach resulted in the assumed biodiversity patterns with increasing microhabitat numbers up to the disintegration phase thus it was used as a basis for the creation of an optimized fdp assessment method as a tool for common and standardized use in forest ecology and biodiversity research.     

马尾松毛虫防治关键期与防治历

本文分析了马尾松毛虫（Dendrolimus punctatus Walker）防治关键期,发现马尾松毛虫种群密度快速增长期在增殖期末期,在增殖期末期开展有效的防治,可以预防马尾松毛虫暴发成灾,并依据这一原理编制了马尾松毛虫防治月历和防治周期历。     

浅谈公路工程造价监理工作

对建设项目监理工作中工程造价控制不能达到项目投资控制要求的现状进行了分析,并阐明了原因,同时提出了在项目各阶段监理中造价管理的具体措施,有效地解决了监理工作中造价控制难的现象.