模糊隶属法对玉米苗期耐旱性的拟合分析

在略高于玉米萎蔫系数的干旱条件下,以出苗率和生物学产量耐旱系数之乘积为指标,测定了17个玉米自交系和10个杂交种的苗期抗旱性。并用模糊隶属法,以干旱胁迫下的胚芽鞘长度,出苗率,根重,生物学产量,脯氨酸含量,电导率和离体叶片保水力等指标对各品种耐旱性进行了拟合分析。结果表明,在略高于萎蔫系数的干旱条件下,以出苗率和生物学产量的耐旱系数之乘积为指标,可以准确鉴定玉米苗期的耐旱性,与耐旱性的综合评价拟合良好(相关系数r=0.914)。     

Bcl-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide increases the sensitivity of HL60 and K562 cells to daunorubicin

AIM:To investigate whether the bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide increases the sensitivity of HL60 and K562 cell lines to daunorubicin.METHODS:IC50 for HL60 and K562 was determined with MTT method, the expression levels of Bcl-2 protein were assayed by immunofluorescence using fluoresce isothiocyanate labeling. In addition, apoptosis was detected by morphological observation and flow cytometric analysis of DNA fragmentation.RESULTS:It was found that the two oligonucleotides directed against the coding region and the translation initiation of bcl-2 mRNA, combined respectively with daunorubicin, inhibited expression of bcl-2 protein, increased apoptosis in HL60 and K562 cells, and decreased IC50 of daunorubicin significantly (P＜0.05). Compared to the antisense oligonucleotide directed against the translation initiation of bcl-2 mRNA, the antisense oligonucleotide directed against the coding region showed stronger effects in the aspects of increasing the sensitivity of HL60 cells to daunorubicin (P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS:These two antisense sequences in the translation initiation and the coding region of bcl-2 mRNA increased the sensitivity of HL60 and K562 cell lines to daunorubicin in a sequence-specific manner.     

Using laser to measure stem thickness and cut weed stems

Summary Stem thickness of the weed Solanum nigrum and the crop sugarbeet was determined with a He–Ne laser using a novel non‐destructive technique measuring stem shadow. Thereafter, the stems were cut close to the soil surface with a CO₂ laser. Treatments were carried out on pot plants, grown in the greenhouse, at two different growth stages, and plant dry matter was measured 2–5 weeks after treatment. The relationship between plant dry weight and laser energy was analysed using two different non‐linear dose–response regression models; one model included stem thickness as a variable, the other did not. A binary model was also tested. The non‐linear model incorporating stem thickness described the data best, indicating that it would be possible to optimize laser cutting by measuring stem thickness before cutting. The general tendency was that more energy was needed the thicker the stem. Energy uses on a field scale are discussed.     

涩柿脱涩保脆研究初报

研究了常温条件（14－19℃）和低温条件（－1－1℃）下，不同容器和不同二氧化碳（CO2）浓度对柿果脱涩保脆的影响。试验表明，低温条件下，采用密封性好的容器，保持80％CO2，脱涩时间虽稍长，但硬果率可达到96％以上，果实硬度达10kg/cm^2以上，脱涩保脆效果最好。     

几种落叶果树H2O2含量变化与自然休眠关系的研究

 以设施栽培中常见的几种核果类果树品种和两个葡萄品种为试材, 分析了芽休眠期间 H₂O₂含量变化动态, 并探讨了温度、生长调节剂及化学破眠物质对H₂O₂含量影响的效应。结果表明: 休眠期间,不同树种( 品种) 芽内 H₂O₂含量存在差异, 基本趋势是晚熟品种高于早熟品种, 花芽高于叶芽, 但葡萄品种相反, 早熟的‘京秀’高于晚熟的‘巨峰’; 休眠期芽内 H₂O₂含量基本呈稳步上升后急剧下降的趋势,不同品种急剧下降的时间略有差别, 且与自然休眠解除的时间相吻合。低温(5 ℃) 处理显著增加了芽中 H₂O₂含量, 中温(10 ℃) 使 H₂O₂含量略有增加, 而高温(20 ℃) 却导致 H₂O₂含量降低。休眠前期50 mg.L^-1 ABA 处理显著提高了芽中H₂O₂含量, 而100 mg.L^-1的GA₃和6-BA 处理有减少 H₂O₂含量的趋势, 但二者差异不明显。热带地区常用的化学破眠物质对芽 H₂O₂的影响因树种( 品种) 、使用时期不同而异, 硫脲、KNO₃前期使用对核果类果树影响明显, CaCN₂对核果类无明显效应, 但对葡萄品种作用显著。果树芽 H₂O₂含量的动态变化表明, H₂O₂可能是低温解除自然休眠的原因。     

日光温室黄瓜栽培CO_2浓度的消长规律初探

近 3a(年 )的研究结果表明 :日光温室内CO2 浓度有明显的季节变化和日变化。在整个生长期内因通风时间和通风量的不同 ,日光温室内的CO2 浓度 11月和 3月较高 ,5月较低。各时期日变化基本相同 ,但变化幅度因季节而异 ,上午随Pn的逐渐增大而下降 ,中午 12 :0 0～ 14 :0 0时降至最低 ,下午又随Pn的减小而缓慢回升。叶片的光合作用、呼吸作用和土壤呼吸是影响日光温室内CO2 浓度日变化的主要因素。有机肥施用量对室内土壤呼吸和日光温室CO2 浓度有较大影响 ,在有机肥充足的条件下 ,室内CO2 浓度基本满足黄瓜光合作用的需要 ,无须补施 ,如果在作物生长期间再定时随水向土壤中冲施有机肥 ,效果就更好     

Suppression of wheat-seedling diseases caused by Fusarium culmorum and Microdochium nivale using bacterial seed treatment

Snow mould, caused by Microdochium nivale , and seedling blight caused by members of the Fusarium complex, are cereal diseases of great economic importance in many temperate zones. In a glasshouse bioassay designed to enhance disease, about 600 plant-associated bacterial isolates obtained by different methods were screened for suppressive effects in wheat against infection caused by Fusarium culmorum . Although most of the isolates tested had a neutral effect on test plants and disease development, a few were synergistic to the pathogen and about one-fifth showed > 80% disease suppression. During five consecutive growing seasons, 164 bacterial isolates were tested in field experiments against both F. culmorum and M. nivale as causal agents of seedling blight. Tests for effects on yield in experiments with spring and winter wheat, performed in different climatic regions of Sweden, showed that disease-suppressive effects were repeatable. The most efficient isolates, three fluorescent pseudomonads and a species of Pantoea , suppressed disease equal to that of the fungicide guazatine, both with respect to crop stand and yield. Seed treatment with Pantoea sp. (isolate MF 626) increased yield by an average of more than 500 kg ha⁻¹ in six field experiments.     

钙、萘乙酸对亚精胺在猕猴桃贮藏期间作用效果的影响

以5年生中华猕猴桃品系(湘源81-2)为试材,进行了果实采收后Spd(亚精胺)、Spd+Ca2+、Spd+NAA浸果处理,研究钙、萘乙酸对多胺作用效果的影响。结果表明:不同处理均不同程度地抑制了果实的呼吸强度、果肉PG活性和细胞膜透性的增加,其中Spd+NAA浸果处理的作用效果最为显著,贮藏68d时,果肉硬度最高(0.259MPa),软果率较低(79%),好果率达100%;其次为Spd处理。     

内装纸箱集装箱中溴甲烷气体分布及残留检测研究

采用 4 0英尺集装箱熏蒸处理纸箱 ,实验对箱中溴甲烷气体分布及散气后溴甲烷残留进行了检测研究。结果表明 ,温度高低、集装箱中纸箱堆放和电扇鼓风等情况对溴甲烷分布与扩散影响明显。集装箱装满纸箱情况下 ,当温度≥ 2 1℃ ,投药 2h后上、下检测点平均溴甲烷浓度达到最低浓度要求 ;当温度 <2 1℃时 ,投药 2 4h后上检测点平均溴甲烷浓度仍达不到最低浓度要求。当集装箱中间留有通道或使用电扇鼓风情况下 ,投药 2h后各检测点溴甲烷浓度分布达到最低浓度要求。集装箱装满纸箱情况下 ,溴甲烷向大气扩散较慢 ,即使电扇鼓风散气2h ,2 4h后溴甲烷残留量仍达不到安全指标要求。集装箱中间留有通道情况下 ,箱中溴甲烷残留量下降很快 ,并可达到安全指标要求。     

热胁迫对辣椒花柱细胞中Ca2+ 分布的影响

 用焦锑酸钾沉淀法研究了热胁迫对辣椒开花前后柱头和花柱细胞中Ca²⁺分布的影响。结果表明: 常温下Ca²⁺ 分布在柱头细胞表面、花柱引导组织细胞间隙等质外体系统中, 且在花粉管上呈先增加后减少的规律性变化; 热胁迫后, 除细胞间隙等质外体系统外, 细胞质和细胞核中也出现Ca²⁺, 花柱引导组织中通过的花粉管发生扭曲、变形, 这可能与Ca²⁺ 的异常分布有关。