太阳李不同叶位光合速率及叶绿素荧光参数特征

2014年6月在北京昌平国家农业科技园区以3年生太阳李新鲜叶片为试材,采用Handy PEA便携式植物荧光仪对不同叶位叶片的叶绿素荧光参数进行测定,记录叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线的快相部分,绘制太阳李不同叶位叶片叶绿素的OJIP荧光诱导动力学曲线;采用CIRAS-2便携式光合作用测定系统对不同叶位叶片测定净光合作用速率、蒸腾速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、气孔导度等光合指标。结果表明随着叶位从梢部向基部降低,光量子捕获能力、电子传递能力、光化学效率以及光合作用速率会发生规律性变化,以第5、6、7叶位的光合作用机构表现最好。     

Changes induced by osmotic stress in the morphology,biochemistry, physiology,anatomy and stomatal parameters of almond species （Prunus L. spp.） grown in vitro

We investigated the influence of different levels of osmotic stress on growth and development in selected wild almond species(eight Prunus spp.) grown in vitro. The study, while endorsing the efficacy of in vitro screening of auxiliary buds of wild almond for osmotic stress tolerance, showed species variability in its response to osmotic stress. Osmotic stress reduced growth and development of all the species. However, the putative tolerant Prunus spp. showed better performance than the putative susceptible genotypes. On average there was an 80% decrease in shoot dry weight at-1.2 MPa. Reduction in shoot weight was more common in osmotic stress-susceptible species in the section labeled ‘Euamygdalus'. The tolerant Prunus species produced smaller changes in biochemical responses than the sensitive cultivars for malondialdehyde content, catalase activity, relative permeability of protoplast membranes, and net photosynthetic rate. The tolerant species maintained cell integrity better than drought sensitive species. Wild almond species in the section labeled ‘Spartioides'(Prunus arabica(Olivier) Neikle, Prunus glauca (Browicz) A.E. Murray, Prunus scoparia Spach) and ‘Lycioides'(Prunus lycioides Spach, Prunus reuteri Bossi. et Bushe) were best adapted to osmotic stress. Increase in chlorophyll concentration and leaf thickness under high osmotic stress can be considered as preliminary selection parameters for osmotic stress tolerance in Prunus spp. The study confirmed the efficacy of the in vitro method for screening of large number of genotypes for osmotic stress tolerance in wild almond species.     

混沌-步长加速法在营养液系统中的应用

将步长加速法与混沌优化方法结合,解决了混沌优化方法收敛速度慢和步长加速法只适合于局部寻优的缺陷.为此,介绍了无糖组培营养液循环控制系统的设计和构成,并采用混沌-步长加速法针对无糖组培营养液控制系统的PID控制器参数寻优,以实现营养液的自动调配.仿真结果表明:该优化方法搜索效率高,所得参数较好地满足了系统控制要求.     

刚手藻对水中N、P的神制及其环境条件研究

利用刚毛藻处理水中NH3-N、NO3-N、NO2-N、TN、TP,选择藻量、温度、光照、处理时间作为控制因子,研究不同条件及实际不同水环境下刚毛藻对水中N、P控制的影响。结果表明,藻量控制在1.5 g/L时藻对水样中NH3-N、NO3-N、NO2-N、TN、TP的去除效果较好;T-P的去除速率较快,在5 d即能取得较好效果,其次是NH3-N,在12 d左右达动态平衡,T-N的去除14 d为适应处理时间;当温度为20℃时,NH3-N、NO3-N、NO2-N、TP水体处理效果较好,TN处理最适宜温度出现在30℃;光照则表现为照度3 000 lx±100 lx时,NH3-N、NO3-N、NO2-N、TP去除效果较好。刚毛藻对不同水环境的N、P处理,T-N、T-P、NO2-N、NH3-N的处理均能达到较好的处理效果,且差异明显,但对NO3-N处理效果不甚理想。     

对称破缺参数对极化子线性和非线性极化率的影响

目的 通过理论计算及其结果分析,为同领域内的科学试验与生产实践提供有价值的理论线索．方法 采用一维紧束缚的Su-Schrieffer-Heeger（SSH）及其扩展模型,模拟了极化子的几何结构和电子特征,并利用有限场方法计算携带有极化子的聚合物链的线性和非线性光学极化率．结果 得到不同链长条件下,不同对称破缺参数时,极化子线性和非线性光学极化率随分子链长的变化关系．结论 极化子元激发诱导了大的线性和非线性光学极化率;对称破缺项增强极化子的线性和非线性极化;对称破缺项对线性极化的影响与分子链长有关．     

干旱胁迫下长豇豆叶绿素荧光参数与品种耐旱性的关系

研究了干旱胁迫对3个不同耐旱性长豇豆品种幼苗叶绿素荧光参数和光合作用的影响。结果表明：干旱胁迫降低豇豆的生长量和净光合速率,并增加叶片质膜的透性;干旱胁迫后叶片叶绿素荧光参数( Fv/Fm,φPSⅡ和qP)的变化与豇豆品种耐旱性相一致。认为叶绿素荧光参数测定方便,稳定性好,可作为长豇豆品种耐旱性鉴定的重要指标。     

三元猪和宁乡猪血液学参数比较研究

本研究分别采用全血细胞计数分析仪、全自动血液生化分析仪和γ-计数仪测定了三元肥育猪和宁乡肥育猪血常规、血清生化参数和激素含量常值,以供相关研究参考.结果表明,宁乡猪外周血白细胞总数、淋巴细胞计数、红细胞体积分布宽度和血小板分布宽度均显著低于三元猪(P<0.05),平均红细胞血红蛋白、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度、血小板计数和血小板比积均显著高于三元猪(P<0.05);宁乡猪血清总蛋白、氨和葡萄糖含量显著低于三元猪(P<0.05),甘油三酯和甲状腺素T3含量显著高于三元猪(P<0.05).上述结果表明,两个品系猪的多数血常规和血清生化参数及激素含量存在显著差异.     

超临界CO_2萃取紫苏油单因素参数的研究

[目的]确定超临界CO2萃取紫苏子油的单因素工艺参数。[方法]采用超临界CO2萃取法提取紫苏子油,通过4因素5水平试验,考察萃取温度、萃取压力、CO2流量、萃取时间对紫苏子出油率的影响。[结果]随着CO2流量的增加,出油率增大,CO2流量在25~30 L/h较合适。随着萃取温度的增加,出油率增大,萃取温度的适宜变化范围为35~40℃。随着萃取压力的增加,出油率增大,萃取压力在20~25 MPa较合适。随着萃取时间的增加,出油率增大,萃取时间的适宜变化范围为1.5~2.0 h。[结论]超临界CO2萃取法提取紫苏子油的单因素试验最佳工艺参数为:CO2流量25~30 L/h,萃取温度35~40℃,萃取压力20~25 MPa,萃取时间1.5~2.0 h。     

水淹胁迫对4种园林绿化树种幼苗气体交换参数的影响

对乐昌含笑 Michelia chapensis、红荷Schima wallichii、红苞木Rhodoleia championii 和樟树Cinnamomum camphora 幼苗在根部淹水胁迫下的叶片气体交换参数进行了研究,以便从光合生理角度了解这4种树种的耐水淹生理机制.结果表明,随着水淹胁迫时间的增加,4种幼苗的净光合速率均呈下降趋势,35 d 时均达到最小值,分别为1.87、0.43、-0.26和0.62 μmol·m^-2·s^-1;4种幼苗的叶片气孔导度和蒸腾速率均呈下降趋势,35 d 时4种幼苗的气孔导度分别为0.032、0.005、0.008和0.006 mol·m^-2·s^-1,蒸腾速率分别为0.04、0.13、0.02和0.10 mmol·m^-2·s^-1;乐昌含笑、红荷和樟树的细胞间隙CO₂ 摩尔分数先降后升,而红苞木的细胞间隙CO₂ 摩尔分数持续上升;由主成分分析法得出4种幼苗耐水淹能力为乐昌含笑>红荷>樟树>红苞木.     

Yield Estimation Model of Citrus Based on Spectral Data and Agronomic Parameters

With the development of precision agriculture, the research that applies Remote Sensing technology, especially hyperspectral remote sensing, to realize crop management, monitoring and yield estimation, has been concerned. Nowadays, the growth-monitoring and yield-estimating methods in rice, wheat and other annual crops develop rapidly with some achievements having already been put into service. But the yield estimation research on perennial economic crops is few. Taking peren- nial citrus trees as the research object, using ASD spectrometer to collect citrus canopy spectral, this article studied and analyzed the citrus of veget＆tion index and its relationship on yield, synthetically considered the influence of the agriculture pa- rameters on crop yield, and finally constructed the citrus yield estimation model based on the spectral data and agronomic parameters. Through the Significance Test and Samples＇ Test, olutained that the model＇s fitting degree was R=0.631, F= 13.201, P〈0.01 and the error rate of estimating accuracy was controlled in the range 3%-16%, proving that the model has statistical signification and reliability. It concluded that hyperspectral acquired from citrus canopy has substantial potential for citrus yield estimation. This study is an application and exploration of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing technology in the citrus yield estimation.