玛曲县天然草地沙化动态及现状分析

通过对玛曲县2003年TM影像的解译判读,综合地形图、土地利用图以及前3期沙化监测资料,运用GIS技术,对2003年玛曲县草地沙化现状进行野外调查和遥感动态监测,并与前3期监测结果进行对比.结果表明:玛曲县的沙化范围逐步扩展,沙化所涉及的黄河沿岸长度已达186.12 km,占县境内黄河总长的43%;1990年到2003年间,沙化土地面积呈指数形式增加,沙漠化总面积已增加到7 136.77 hm2;极重度和重度沙化草地面积已占到区域沙化面积的41.4%,中度、轻度沙化草地面积分别为31.4%和27.2%,另外还有潜在沙化土地3 616.11 hm2,区域沙化程度整体已达重度水平.     

我国土地荒漠化危害·成因及其防治对策

我国是全球荒漠化面积较大、分布较广、危害较为严重的国家之一,土地荒漠化呈现分布广泛、成因复杂多变、类型多样、发展迅速、危害严重等特点。近年来,虽然采取了一系列行之有效的防治措施,使荒漠化和沙化扩延趋势得到初步遏制,但整体形势依然十分严峻。笔者论述了我国土地荒漠化危害、成因及其防治对策。     

湖北省恩施州岩溶地区石漠化形成过程及治理对策

恩施州由于不合理的人类活动和自然因素加剧了水土流失和石漠化,形成恶性循环,使本地石漠化呈现出萌芽状态。对恩施州土地石漠化的成因及过程进行了探讨和分析,并提出了相应的综合治理对策。     

荒漠化危害预警指标体系框架研究

根据荒漠化防治防重于治的思想 ,将荒漠化的发生、发展的生态机制与预警原理结合 ,提出了荒漠化预警系统基本框架 ,即分析警素、诊断警情、寻找警源、辨识警兆、预报警度、排除警患 ,建立了荒漠化危害预警指标体系框架 .     

鄂尔多斯草地荒漠化程度定量评价

通过对鄂尔多斯草地荒漠化野外调查和分析,研究了植被盖度和生物量与荒漠化程度的相关性及作为中间变量遥感估测荒漠化程度的可行性.研究结果表明:植被盖度和生物量与荒漠化程度密切相关,相关系数分别达到了-0.899和-0.624,线性关系显著,随着植被盖度和生物量的减少,荒漠化程度不断加重;用植被盖度和生物量定量评价土地荒漠化程度获得了较理想的效果,其模型正确预报精度达到了85%,荒漠化程度预报误差不超过1个等级,可较好地满足生产需要.     

荒漠化地区生态足迹及相对经济资源承载力分析 --以科尔沁左翼后旗为例

用生态足迹的方法和相对经济资源承载力的研究思路，以科尔沁左翼后旗为例分析了荒漠化地区的生态压力和承载力．结果表明，该旗2000年人均生态足迹需求为2．3064hm^2，生态承载力为1．6475hm^2，生态赤字为0．6590hm^2．并且相对经济资源承载力也较低．在近10a内(和全国平均水平相比)经济资源承载力呈现出减小趋势，即相对贫困状态，这是该区土地荒漠化发生的社会经济根源。     

准噶尔盆地植被群落物种多样性与沙漠化防治

基于准噶尔盆地南缘荒漠植被样方的调查资料,从不同类型群落的物种多样性及其与生境的关系等方面对该区域植被分布现状进行了分析,并且用相似性系数对不同类型群落采取的沙漠化防治措施的可行性进行了探讨。结果表明:调查区内主要分布着20种荒漠植物,无乔木,只有灌木和草本植物;采取人工补植的方式恢复荒漠植被宜在距离沙漠较远的区域进行;在远离居民生活区的区域布设围栏生态效果不明显;三芒草适于作为沙丘植被恢复的先锋物种。     

荒漠化土壤对人工植被恢复工程的响应

人工植被恢复是荒漠化土壤逆转的主要途径,通过对青海省沙珠玉治沙站人工植被恢复工程下荒漠化土壤逆转过程中土体构型、土壤质地、元素组成和理化性质的分析,研究了荒漠化土壤对人工植被恢复工程的响应.结果表明,人工植被恢复工程对荒漠化土壤具有很好的改良作用,受人工植被影响,土体构型逐渐复杂,出露地表的母质层逐渐被淋溶层和淀积层覆...     

巴丹吉林-腾格里沙漠间沙丘活化带发展过程及其驱动力分析

基于1989,1999年和2007年TM/ETM＋影像,从土地利用变化的视角分析巴丹吉林-腾格里沙漠间沙丘活化带的发展过程,并探讨沙丘活化带发展的驱动因素。分析表明：①1989-2007年,研究区沙地和耕地面积增加,草地、盐碱地和沼泽地面积减少,景观破碎化程度加剧,沙地斑块质心向西北偏移,即腾格里沙漠西北缘向巴丹吉林沙...     

Spatial heterogeneity of soil water content in the reversion process of desertification in arid areas

Sandy soils in arid,rain-fed environments have low and limited water content,which is a principal factor limiting vegetation development,and a key constraint controlling the structure and functions of the ecological systems in arid areas.The spatial heterogeneity of soil water content is a major soil property,and a focus of soil science and hydrology.On the southern edge of the Tengger Desert,sample plots were selected from mobile sand dunes in desertified lands that had been enclosed for 5,15 and 25 years,respectively.This study explored the dynamic and spatial heterogeneity of soil water content in these different layers of soil that were also in the reversion process of desertification.The results showed that the soil water content of the mobile sand dunes was highest when in the initial stages of the reversion process of desertification,while the soil water content in the 0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers of soil was 1.769%,3.011%,and 2.967% respectively,presenting a restoring tendency after 25 years of enclosure.There were significant differences,as a whole,in the soil water content among different restoration stages and different soil layers,respectively.Changes in soil water content,in different soil layers,at different restoration stages,exhibited exponential or spherical patterns.The spatial distribution of soil water content exhibited a mosaic patch pattern with obvious spatial heterogeneity.The ratio of the heterogeneity of spatial autocorrelation to gross spatial heterogeneity was greater than 50%.The gross spatial heterogeneity of the 0-20 cm layer of soil improved gradually,while those of the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers improved initially,then weakened in the reversion process of desertification.This study revealed that restoration with sand-binding vegetation reduced soil water content,and increased its spatial heterogeneity in arid areas.However,after 25 years of vegetation-soil system restoration,the soil water content started to increase and its spatial heterogeneity started to weaken.These results will further benefit the understanding of the ecological mechanism between soil water and sand-binding vegetation.