河西走廊农地适度经营规模计量研究——基于578农户调查的研究

研究适度农地经营规模确定方法并合理确定河西走廊农地适度经营规模。运用生产函数模型对农户劳均经营规模和户均经营规模进行计量分析。研究结果:1)河西地区农业生产处于规模报酬递减阶段。2)在劳动力、资本和土地三大投入要素中,土地对产量的贡献最大。3)现有技术条件下,河西地区劳均最优规模和户均最优规模均远远大于现有规模。研究结论:加快土地流转和剩余劳动力转移促进农地规模经营。     

纳米硒对岢岚绒山羊及胎儿的生物学效应

为研究纳米硒对岢岚绒山羊妊娠母羊及胎儿机体免疫力、抗氧化性和生长发育的影响,选择体重相近的岢岚妊娠绒山羊80只,随机分为2组,分别喂以基础日粮(C组)和添加0.5mg/kgDM纳米硒的饲粮(Se组),实验期110d。结果表明:妊娠期绒山羊日粮中添加硒后,血液中淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞的百分比显著提高(p<0.05),异型淋巴细胞百分比显著降低(p<0.05),血清中血清球蛋白(GLO)、免疫球蛋白IgG和IgM显著提高(p<0.05);日粮中纳米硒的添加极显著(p<0.01)提高了母羊及胎儿血清中GSH-Px、SOD的活性,极显著(p<0.01)提高了母羊及胎儿肝、胎盘组织中GSH-Px、SOD的活性,极显著(p<0.01)降低了母羊及胎儿血清与胎盘组织中MDA的浓度;在日粮中添加纳米硒后,显著增加了胎盘、胎儿及胎儿肝、肾组织的重量(p<0.05)。结论:日粮中添加0.5mg/kgDM纳米硒,增强了妊娠母羊及胎儿机体免疫力和抗氧化能力,进一步促进了胎儿的生长发育。     

Discussion on Government＇s Economic Function in Post-financial-crisis

随着全球经济秩序的不断动荡和我国经济体制改革的不断深入,各种社会经济问题层出不断。在这种情况下,进一步改变我国政府经济职能势在必行。文章在分析我国政府经济职能的前提下,提出了后金融危机时期转变我国政府经济职能的相关建议。     

几种化学除草剂对盾负泥虫影响的初步测定

选用北方地区大豆田和果园常用化学除草剂，用点滴，药纸，涂抹法进行对盾负泥虫影响的测定研究。结果初步表明，氟乐灵，虎威处理的卵孵化率与对照比较差异显著，分别减少２２．４％和１５．８％。而农农和２，４－Ｄ丁酯对卵的孵化率影响很小，与对照比较无显著差异。只减少３．５％和３．７％，     

“黄白散”对兔接种RHD疫苗后免疫功能的影响

在注射兔病毒性出血症 (RHD)疫苗后 ,30只兔随机分为 2组 ,试验组兔饲喂含 1 5 %黄白散的饲料。从接种到第 1 80天 ,每组取兔 8只 ,每隔 1 5d采血 1次 ,检测血凝抑制 (HI)抗体 ;在接种前 1天及接种后 5、 1 0、 1 7、 2 4、 31、 41、 5 1d ,每组取兔 1 0只 ,采血检测ANAE+淋巴细胞百分率 ;在 1 80、 2 4 0、 30 0d时 ,每组分别取兔 5只做攻毒保护试验。结果表明 :2组兔HI抗体峰值分别为 7 3log2和 9 8log2 ,差异极显著 (P <0 0 1 ) ;试验组疫苗保护期可延长 60d ;试验组ANAE+率从第 1 0天至 5 1天与对照组比较 ,差异极显著(P<0 0 1 )。所以黄白散可增强兔接种RHD疫苗后的特异性免疫功能 ,增强RHD疫苗的免疫效果。     

Postprandial venous ammonia concentrations in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in dogs

A postprandial ammonia tolerance test (PPATT) was performed on normal dogs and dogs with signs that suggested they may have liver disease. All dogs underwent transcolonic scintigraphy, liver biopsy, or both and were assigned to extrahepatic disease, primary hepatocellular, and congenital portosystemic vascular anomalies (PSVA) groups. Each dog was fed a chicken and rice diet providing 25% of its estimated daily metabolizable energy requirement (MER) as an ammonia challenge. This is practical in patients with liver disease because ammonium chloride administration often causes vomiting or ammonia toxicity. Venous ammonia concentrations were measured before feeding and every 2 hours after feeding for 8 hours. No difference in mean ammonia concentrations between dogs with extrahepatic disease and control dogs was found. Therefore, the specificity of the PPATT was 100%. Dogs with hepatocellular disease showed no change in mean ammonia concentration at any time point, before or after feeding, but sensitivity was greatest when venous ammonia was measured 6 hours after feeding (sensitivity before feeding, 28%, and after feeding, 36%). Among dogs with congenital PSVA, mean ammonia concentrations were higher than the reference range at all time points before and after feeding, and peak mean ammonia concentration occurred 6 hours after feeding. In this group, the sensitivity of the PPATT was 81% before feeding and 91% 6 hours after feeding. This study demonstrates that the measurement of venous ammonia concentration is a useful test to detect congenital PSVA, and the sensitivity of the test may be improved by sampling 6 hours after feeding. The PPATT has poor sensitivity in detecting primary hepatocellular disease.     

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test to assess thyroid function in severely sick cats

Basal serum thyroxine (T4) concentration and the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test were used to assess thyroid function in 36 critically ill cats examined between July 1996 and October 1998. Of the 36 cats. hyperthyroidism (as underlying or complicating disease) was suspected in 22 based on clinical signs, palpable thyroid nodules, and abnormal thyroid gland histology (study group). Hyperthyroidism was not suspected in the remaining 14 cats, which served as the control group. Based on serum T4 concentrations, suppression of thyroid function was documented in 14 (64%) cats of the study group and in 10 (71%) cats of the control group. The TRH stimulation test revealed an increase in serum T4 of less than 50% of the baseline concentration in 18 (82%) cats of the study group, and in 6 (43%) cats of the control group. In conclusion, based on the results of serum T4 determinations and the TRH stimulation tests, it was not possible to differentiate between cats with clinical and histologic evidence of thyroid dysfunction (hyperthyroidism) and cats with severe nonthyroidal illnesses.     

芦荟乙酰化甘露聚糖对肉仔鸡肠道主要菌群、小肠微绒毛密度、免疫功能及生产性能的影响

为研究芦荟凝胶、芦荟多糖、乙酰化甘露聚糖对内仔鸡肠道主要菌群、小肠微绒毛密度、免疫功能及生产性能的影响，600只粤黄鸡随机分为5组．每组设6个重复．雌雄各半。分别施以5种不同日粮：①基础日粮添加乙酰化甘露聚糖0．1％；②基础日粮添加乙酰化甘露聚糖0．05％；③基础日粮添加芦荟多糖0．1％；④基础日粮添加芦荟凝胶干粉0.1％；⑤对照组（基础日粮），试验期为56d。结果表明．肉仔鸡饲粮中添加芦荟凝胶、芦荟多糖、乙酰化甘露聚糖。能显著降低盲肠内容物大肠杆菌浓度．提高盲肠内双歧杆菌和乳酸菌杆菌浓度（P〈0．05）；回肠微绒毛高度增加、密度加大（P〈0．05）；免疫器官胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊相对质量均显著增加．新城疫抗体效价显著提高（P〈0．05）；添加芦荟多糖提高了肉仔鸡的日增重和降低了料肉比．但试验组与对照组之间的差异不显著。     

芦荟乙酰化甘露聚糖对肉仔鸡cAMP/cGMP与免疫功能的影响

本试验研究了肉仔鸡日粮中添加芦荟乙酰化甘露聚糖对环核苷酸含量与免疫功能的影响。结果表明:芦荟凝胶、多糖和乙酰化甘露聚糖均能显著(P<0.05)增加肉鸡体重和肝脏重量,提高血浆和肝脏的cAMP和血浆、肝脏的cGMP水平,以及血浆和肝脏的cAMP/cGMP比值。注射绵羊红细胞,一免后,7 d抗体总量和IgG含量达到峰值。与对照组相比,一免后,7,11,14 d肉仔鸡的抗体总量和IgG值较高,差异显著(P<0.05);二免后,4 d抗体总量和IgG含量达到峰值,并长时间内维持高水平。二免后乙酰化甘露聚糖显著(P<0.05)提高了肉仔鸡对新城疫疫苗(NDV)的抗体水平,同时还增强了肉仔鸡对NDV的免疫应答。本研究表明乙酰化甘露聚糖能提高肉仔鸡的体液免疫功能。     

玛河流域石河子绿洲农业生态系统整体功能对比分析

本研究以新疆玛河流域石河子绿洲为例,采用三维立体容积法衡量其农业生态系统整体功能状况,并与新疆、全国进行对比分析,结果表明:石河子、新疆、全国农业系统综合效益分别为2.06、1、2.87。石河子绿洲虽然在资源开发维上有一定优势,但在生产功能维、经济增值维方面均处于劣势,而只有三维之间协同作用才能创造最佳的总体功能。今后该区域应该立足资源优势,在结构调整及经济转化方面得以加强。