A review of non-chemical weed control on hard surfaces

Weed control research to date has mainly focused on arable land, especially regarding herbicides, but also regarding non‐chemical methods. Some of these experiences can be applied to hard surface areas. However, weeds on hard surface areas cause problems that are different from those on arable land. Additionally, crop tolerance does not need to be considered when choosing an appropriate weed control method on these areas. The aim of this review is to describe current knowledge of weeds and weed control methods on hard surface areas and reveal potential ways of advancement. One of the shortcomings of non‐chemical weed control on hard surfaces thus far, is a lack of proper definition of efficiency of the weed control methods. To obtain effective control, more frequently repeated treatments are required than chemical weed management, thereby increasing the costs of labour and fuel. One way to reduce costs can be by adjusting the level of control to the required visual street quality. Weeds are adapted to the hard surface environment and may be less susceptible to certain control methods. This review indicates that for efficient weed control on hard surfaces there is a need for combining weed control techniques, applying sensors for detecting weeds, adapting the energy dose to type of weed flora and prevention of weeds by improved construction of new surfaces.     

建筑围护结构动态热特性辨识及其系统

提出了建筑围护结构动态热特性辨识的概念，阐述了围护结构动态热特性辨识的方法及其作用，介绍了一种新的围护结构动态热特性辨识系统的构成和特点。     

玻璃中永久应力的理论分析与数值模拟

为了分析玻璃退火过程中永久应力的形成规律以及应力值的大小,基于玻璃永久应力的成因分析,建立了弹性体数值模型,给出了永久应力的计算方法和步骤。根据所建模型,利用ansys软件模拟了玻璃退火过程中结构应力和残余温差应力的形成过程,发现结构应力产生于膨胀系数开始发生变化的温度567℃,停止于膨胀系数稳定时的温度480℃。并根据模拟结果,计算出了玻璃中永久应力值的大小：边部压应力1.022MPa,中部张应力0.602MPa。模拟过程比较准确地反应了实际玻璃退火过程中应力的形成过程,根据模拟值求出的应力值大小基本符合玻璃实际应力值情况。     

Pearl Millet Phenology and Growth in Relation to Thermal Time under Arid Environment

Pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.R.Br.) hybrid MH 179 was grown under two moisture regimes viz., optimal moisture and rainfed conditions. The field experiment was continued for three consecutive rainy seasons to quantify the pearl millet development with thermal time. The possible influence of variation in natural sowing date on the relationships between crop development and thermal time have been described. At cardinal temperatures of 10°C (base temperature below which pearl millet development ceases), 33°C (optimal temperature for development) and 45°C (maximum temperature at and above which no development takes place), the crop required 1490–1794°Cd thermal time to reach physiological maturity. The thermal time requirement for different developmental stages was influenced by the sowing time and moisture availability during the growing season of the crop.
The leaf tip appearance on the main shoot of pearl millet in relation to thermal time was almost linear under both moisture conditions requiring about 44–50°Cd ± 2.6 °Cd leaf⁻¹, till the appearance of the flag (last) leaf. However, leaf tip appearance on primary tillers was slightly slower and required 53-58°Cd ± 4.7°Cd for each new leaf. Appearance of first primary tiller was later (at 320°Cd after emergence) under the rainfed condition as compared to the crop under the optimal moisture (at 250°Cd).Thereafter, the tiller appearance in relation to thermal time under both moisture conditions was at a linear rate of about 53-56°Cd ± 9.5°Cd tiller⁻¹.
Effect of microclimatic variations, canopy temperature, radiation and photoperiod on the phenology-thermal time relationships have been discussed under both the moisture conditions.     

热水溶出茧层丝胶蛋白的结构变化

对不同时间热水溶出的茧层丝胶的氨基酸组成、热分解温度和分子结构等进行了测定分析．结果表明，随着热水溶出时间的延长，茧层丝胶蛋白中的酸性氨基酸因易溶于水而略有下降，热分解温度因受取向性、结晶性的影响而有所增高，分子结构也由无规则卷曲转化为β构象．丝胶蛋白被降解而成分子大小不一的混合类型     

热力架空管道的位移计算

热力架空管道系统在石油化工和城市供热工程中得到广泛的应用，原先热力架空管道的计算没有考虑到位移的非线性因素，不能正确地反映管道和支座的实际受力情况，现结合热力架空管道和支座的受力情况，给出了力学的计算模型，对作用在热力架空管道的载荷进行了分析，结合有限元法和变弹簧系统迭代法，用有限元迭代计算管道的位移，计算结果表明，分析热力架空管道必须考虑位移的非线性因素，同时必须正确考虑支座摩擦力的影响。     

水分湿热平衡关系式在提高通风储粮效果中的指导作用

运用水分和湿热相对平衡的数学关系式来指导储藏产品通风、密闭、干燥和冷却等保护技术的应用，控制储粮的温、湿度和水分含量，并采取必要的辅助措施，以提高通风储粮效果，对预防和消除储粮发热、抑制虫霉危害、延缓品质陈化或劣变、保持储藏稳定性具有十分重要的作用．     

热加工方式对牛乳过敏原αs1-酪蛋白二级结构和抗原性的影响

为探究热加工方式对牛乳过敏原αs1-酪蛋白构象和抗原性的影响,利用间接竞争酶联免疫吸附测定方法、 免疫印迹方法分析不同加热条件下αs1-酪蛋白免疫原性的变化,进而通过8-苯胺-1-萘磺酸荧光探针和圆二色谱分 析其二级结构变化,初步揭示热处理调控过敏原αs1-酪蛋白抗原性的机制。结果表明：在80 ℃、60 min,90 ℃、 10 min,90 ℃、60 min条件下热处理后,αs1-酪蛋白中α-螺旋结构含量显著低于未加热αs1-酪蛋白,在70 ℃、 20 min,80 ℃、20 min,90 ℃、20 min条件下热处理后,αs1-酪蛋白中无规卷曲含量显著增加,70～100 ℃加热 20 min条件下表面荧光强度最强,其他温度-时间条件下二级结构含量变化不显著;αs1-酪蛋白构象的变化导致αs1-酪 蛋白的抗原性显著降低,间接竞争酶联免疫吸附测定显示,在70～100 ℃加热20 min条件下,αs1-酪蛋白的抗原残留 量均较高,而免疫印迹方法显示不同温度-时间条件下αs1-酪蛋白仍具有免疫反应特性,建议进一步通过动物实验揭 示热处理调控αs1-酪蛋白抗原性的机制。     

脉冲袋式除尘器在木材加工通风除尘中的应用

介绍了脉冲袋式除尘器的工作原理及技术特点.以某木工制造车间通风除尘应用为例,证明其捕集效率高,工作稳定,对细微粒子的捕集效果良好.