蔬菜基于与无机肥配施的有机肥适用量研究

目前有关蔬菜作物有机无机肥的配施比例等有关施肥种类不合理的问题依然存在,为获得蔬菜生产上合理施用有机肥的用量,通过对菜心等叶菜和苦瓜开展田间试验,考察施不同量有机肥对菜心等叶菜和苦瓜产量和品质的影响,获取2类蔬菜的有机肥与无机肥配施时的合适用量,并进行了验证。结果表明:(1)菜心等叶菜有机肥与无机肥配施时,产量较高和品质较优的有机肥合适施用量为每茬50 kg/667 m2,若产量水平特别高的叶菜可适当增加至每茬100 kg/667 m2。(2)苦瓜有机肥与无机肥配施时,产量水平一般的苦瓜使用商品有机肥合适用量约为300 kg/667 m2,产量水平特别高的可增至500 kg/667 m2;若使用农家有机肥的合适用量约为750 kg/667 m2。     

Research on Indoor CO2 Density in Chongqing Commercial Buildings

The density of indoor CO 2 is an important value for newly_built commercial buildings. It affects comercial buildings in two aspects, one is the indoor air_quality, the other is the consumption of energy. The aim of design is to keep good indoor air_quality and using little ventilation. The authors measure a typical department store and analyze the measurement. The conclusion as well as the opinion is given, which argues for improving the efficiency of new_wind.     

Wide mapping of a T-DNA insertion site in oilseed rape using bulk segregant analysis and comparative mapping

Doubled haploid oilseed rape lines segregating for a transgene inducing herbicide resistance (bar gene) were investigated for the wide mapping of the T-DNA insertion site. Bulk segregant analysis using presence/absence and intensity polymorphisms between the bulks, as well as comparative mapping with a linkage group deriving from another cross, led to the identification of 11 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers tightly or loosely linked to the bar gene. Ten RAPD loci out of 11 were located on the same side of the bar locus, strongly suggesting that the T-DNA integrated in a telomeric or subtelomeric position. The eleventh RAPD marker exhibited a strong segregation distortion, which could be the result of a heteroduplex formation. Comparison of the linkage groups obtained from the two crosses showed different recombination rates between markers, possibly reflecting differences in parental genetic backgrounds. Consequences and potential applications in transgene dispersal safety assessment studies are discussed.     

A methodology for evaluating a location as a selection site for an international plant breeding program

Summary A method for comparing locations as selection sites based upon their abilities to predict yield and disease reaction over a target region is proposed. The probability of coincidence in selection for a site is defined as the probability for a line selected at the site to be selected at other sites within the region. The probability of divergence in rejection is defined as that associated with regional selection of a line given that is discarded by the site where selection is being conducted. The ideal selection site would maximize the probability of coincidence in selection and minimize the probability of divergence in rejection. The method is illustrated using a set of data from the rice yield nurseries of the International Rice Testing Program for Latin America planted under the rainfed conditions of Central América and México during the period 1978–1984. Five locations were compared for their predictive ability in selecting for the rainfed rice growing region, based on yield and disease reaction. Selection for yield was defined as performance superior to the best check in each location. Selection for disease reaction was based on an index derived from the Standard Evaluation System for Rice for diseases of regional importance. Locations varies 10–15 percent in their selection coincidence with the region for both yield and disease selection criteria applied independently.     

木荷人工林生长和木材基本密度

在福建省建瓯市选取1968—1997年间营造的多片木荷纯林和荷杉混交林,系统研究坡位、坡向等生境条件及与杉木混交对木荷人工林生长和木材基本密度的影响。结果表明:坡向和坡位对木荷生长和干形影响显著,但对木材基本密度影响较小。相对于阴坡和中坡,阳坡和下坡的木荷其树冠浓密、树高和冠幅生长量较大,干形略有改善,而阴坡因土壤水湿条件较好有利于木荷胸径的生长。与杉木按适当比例(如荷杉比为1∶3)进行混交,可明显促进木荷胸径、树高和冠幅的生长,并改善了干形。通过比较表明:木荷人工林分叉干发生的几率变化在22.50%～35.75%之间,且以0.5m以下的1叉干为主;对于地处阳坡和下坡的纯林及1∶3荷杉混交林,木荷分叉干发生几率相对较小;相对于坡向,坡位对分叉干形成的影响较大。研究发现:木荷人工林木材基本密度由髓心向树皮呈逐渐下降的趋势,15～20年生时开始明显减小,35～40年间达到最小值。木材基本密度从髓心向树皮下降的速度还随径生长量的增加而加快;年轮宽度呈先变宽后变窄的趋势,5～15年为木荷人工林径生长的速生期。据此应选择土壤水肥、光照条件较好的阳坡和下坡林地营造木荷人工林,同时提倡以适当比例混交经营,加强幼林的抹芽除萌...     

我国林木良种采穗圃创建技术研究进展

本文总结了我国林木良种采穗圃建设技术的研究进展。从林木树种种类、立地条件选择、建立方法、建立类别、种苗来源、景观模式构建、密度设计、栽植坑规格、管护等方面阐明了建设技术体现的＂适地适树适结构＂原则,并对采穗圃发展面临的三个结合与一个重视进行了强调。     

北缘地区毛竹实生林生长与立地条件的关系

为了探讨北缘地区毛竹实生林生长发育与立地条件的关系,选用10 a生毛竹实生林地开展制约实生林生长的因素研究。结果表明：在种源和培育措施都相同的条件下,立地条件与毛竹胸径生长量有密切的关系,不同的立地条件对竹林的林分结构有着较为显著的影响,不同的土壤厚度是导致立竹径阶分布显著差异的主要因素。因此,毛竹实生苗造林立地条件的...     

海堤边坡几种树种适宜性评价

为了给海堤绿化及沿海防护林的营建提供科学依据,通过对海堤边坡水分、盐分以及大气等立地因子的综合研究分析,结合海堤边坡造林试验,对杂交柳、紫穗槐、黄金条、刺槐、楝树、铅笔柏6个树种的生长适宜性作出了评价,研究结果表明:(1)海堤边坡土壤属于中度到强度盐渍化土且土壤含水率季节变化大,其中海雾、海风也是海堤立地条件中非常重要...     

基于野生动物适宜栖息地的保护区网络规划——以秦岭大熊猫保护区为例

不合理规划是我国目前自然保护区面临问题的主要原因,通过对秦岭大熊猫保护区网络内适宜栖息地的评估,发现秦岭大熊猫保护区网络没有基于适宜栖息地的生物边界进行科学规划,导致各保护区内大熊猫的生存环境质量差异巨大,造成目前秦岭大熊猫保护区网络功能不均衡,影响其效率和保护成效。适宜栖息地是保护区境内具有保护贡献的土地,是体现保护区功能的区域,是保护区及网络规划的核心。基于适宜栖息地的保护区网络规划和优化能提高我国保护区及网络的功能和效率,减少保护的土地成本,能有效缓解保护与发展的矛盾。     

基于多目标粒子群的土地整理项目选址模型

土地整理项目选址实质上是一个多目标空间优化问题,将传统选址方法用于解决多目标土地整理项目选址存在明显不足。该文提出了一种基于多目标粒子群的土地整理项目选址模型,归纳了土地整理项目选址的选址规则,提取3个能够体现土地整理项目选址目的及意义的目标函数,即新增耕地潜力最高、空间分区集中连片、土地适宜性评价指数最高,同时考虑了土地整理项目最小新增耕地率、实施规模2类约束条件,并详细阐述了算法的核心思想、矢量编码策略、状态更新机制等内容,最后选取湖北省嘉鱼县为试验区,验证了模型的可行性和有效性,结果表明通过对目标的权重调控可以得到不同目标偏好的土地整理项目选址方案,该文所构建模型在土地整理实践中具有可操作性,提供的选址方案科学合理,为土地利用规划和土地利用调控管理提供支持。