牛粪复混生物质颗粒燃料成型及特性分析

为了提高以牛粪为主料的多原料混合生物质燃料的发热量,降低成型颗粒燃料含硫量,提升燃料的适用性和综合品质,选取锯末、谷糠、果树残枝3种常见的木质类和非木质类有机废弃物为辅料,通过调节原料配比及含水率,采用挤压成型和特性测定等方法,分析了原料含水率和原料配比对颗粒成型燃料成型率、全水分、灰分、挥发分、固定碳、含硫量和发热量的影响。结果表明：颗粒成型率和全水分受原料组成和含水率共同作用,低灰、低硫和高热量的生物质燃料更有利于市场应用,在满足颗粒成型的条件下,颗粒的热值与灰分、全水分呈负相关,与固定碳含量呈正相关。在牛粪中添加锯末和果树残枝更有利于降低灰分含量,增加果树残枝更有利于提高颗粒的固定碳含量,混合物料中牛粪+果树残枝2∶1混合处理的固定碳含量最高,达到17.6%。牛粪含硫量偏高,3种辅料都有利于降低成型燃料的含硫量,牛粪+果树残枝2∶1混合与牛粪+锯末+果树残枝1∶1∶1混合等多个组合可以将牛粪含硫量从0.30%降到0.10%~0.12%,与单独牛粪相比,发热量提高2.88%~4.63%。综合各处理组的原料成型率和燃料燃烧特性,牛粪与果树残枝2∶1混合是牛粪制备颗粒燃料的最优组合配方。     

Effects of suspended solids in the survival and haematological parameters of pacu juveniles (Piaractus mesopotamicus) in a biofloc technology culture system

This study determined the effects of total suspended solids (TSS) on pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) culture in a biofloc technology (BFT) system by performing two experiments. Experiment 1 evaluated the LC50-96 h of pacu at seven TSS levels (0, 1500, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000 and 7000 mg L^?1). Experiment 2 evaluated haematological variables (glucose, pH, haematocrit, haemoglobin, erythrocytes and haematimetric indices) in juveniles exposed to five different sublethal TSS concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg L^?1) for 5 days. Treatments below 5000 mg L^?1 did not cause mortality, and the LC50-96 h of TSS was estimated at 5477 mg L^?1. The TSS concentrations that caused mortality in pacu juveniles were extremely high and rarely maintained in culture systems. Exposure to high TSS concentrations (mainly 750 and 1000 mg L^?1) increased blood glucose, pH, heamatocrit, erythrocytes, haemoglobin values and haematimetric indices on the first day. On the fifth day, most of the evaluated parameters stabilized at different TSS concentrations. In conclusion, pacu exposed to high TSS concentrations for short periods may undergo physiological changes, and TSS concentrations below 250 mg L^?1 are recommended for its culture in a BFT system.     

黄连解毒散固体分散制剂的药效学研究

为了对黄连解毒散固体分散制剂进行药效学研究,采用致病性大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为试验菌株考察黄连解毒散固体分散制剂的体外抑菌效果,以仔猪为实验动物考察其临床药效。结果显示：黄连解毒散固体分散制剂的体外抑菌效果是普通散剂的2倍,临床治疗效果比普通散剂提高了30％。黄连解毒散固体分散制剂显著提高了黄连解毒散对猪大肠杆菌病的疗效。     

论贵阳市固体废物处理方法的选择

通过对贵阳市固体废物的来源、分类及其双重特性进行分析,简要地介绍了固体废物的处理方法,并结合贵阳市固体废物的成分和特点,提出了供选择的最适宜的处理方法进行综合处理。     

基于固相萃取的粮油产品前处理技术研究进展

粮油是人类生存的必需品,提供了人体不可缺少的三大基本营养素。粮油质量安全是国家重视、消费者关心的热点问题,检测是保证粮油产品消费安全的重要抓手。固相萃取是从粮油样品中提取待测物的重要手段,萃取材料是决定提取分离效率的关键因素。本文主要综述了基于固相萃取的粮油产品前处理技术研究进展,讨论了不同材料的优势及不足,并对粮油产品检测中新型萃取材料发展趋势进行了展望。     

不同工艺参数对竹造纸固剩物/漂珠复合板性能的影响

[目的]研究不同工艺参数（竹造纸固剩物粒度、固剩物与漂珠配比、板材厚度）对复合板材各种性能的影响.[方法]采用正交试验设计,利用竹造纸固剩物和漂珠制造复合板材,并通过对力学性能和导热系数的测定,探讨固剩物粉末粒度、固剩物与漂珠配比、板材厚度对板材性能的影响.[结果]随着粒度和板材厚度的增大,板材的物理力学性能MOE、24hTS呈现下降趋势;随着配比的增大,MOR、MOE增大,24hTS减小.[结论]最佳工艺为固剩物粒度为20～40目、固剩物与漂珠配比为8∶2、板材厚度为14 mm时,此时板材的各种性能达到最优.     

氟苯尼考PEG6000固体分散体在大鼠体内的生物利用度研究

[目的]研究氟苯尼考PEG6000固体分散体在大鼠体内的生物利用度.[方法]建立大鼠血浆中氟苯尼考的HPLC检测方法.用灌喂药物水溶液的方法,通过高效液相分析技术对氟苯尼考PEG6000固体分散体的血药浓度进行测定,与氟苯尼考原粉进行对照.[结果]氟苯尼考PEG6000固体分散体在大鼠体内吸收及代谢良好,氟苯尼考固体分散体和氟苯尼考原药的最高血药浓度分别为13.44和3.88 μ.g/ml,提高了3.46倍;药-时曲线下面积分别为：氟苯尼考原粉AUC0-8h=20.12 25 μg/（ml·h）、氟苯尼考固体分散体AUC0-8h=23.22μg/（ml·h）,氟苯尼考-PEG6000固体分散体口服生物利用度与氟苯尼考原粉相比提高了15.39％.[结论]氟苯尼考-PEG6000固体分散体能显著提高氟苯尼考的生物利用度.     

大型低速船用柴油机燃油共轨系统建模

以瓦锡兰Sulzer 7RT—flex60C型船用柴油机为研究对象,首先介绍了燃油共轨系统的组成,分析了燃油共轨系统的特性,然后利用流体力学原理构建了燃油共轨系统各个模块的数学模型,最后采用MATLAB／Simulink软件进行仿真计算．仿真结果与船用柴油机台架数据误差符合要求,具有一定的有效性和准确性．     

Comparison of the cost and energy efficiencies of present and future biomass supply systems for young dense forests

The objective was to study the effect of future harvesting and handling technologies on the cost and energy efficiency of supply chains for young dense thinnings. The system costs and energy requirements were modeled using type of stands, products delivered, and transport distances as variables. In total, 14 systems were analyzed, of which five represented future systems. The effects of increasing the payloads of off-road and road transportation of whole tree (WT) parts by 10%, 20%, and 30% were also analyzed. If boom-corridor thinning technologies, optimized bundle-harvesters, and load-compression devices are developed, on average, costs are reduced by 12–27% and 11–30% less energy is required when compared with present systems. For example, at an average harvested tree size of 22 dm³, the supply of WT using future technologies would reduce the cost by up to 15% and the energy requirements by 21%. These effects increase with reduced tree sizes and increased transportation distances. The effects of future technologies are especially significant for tree sizes below 30 dm³, representing a significant part of the potential that could be harvested annually in Sweden. Thus, there should be increased research and development of boom-corridor felling technology, bundle-harvesters, and load-compression devices.     

废纸制浆固废物成分分析及分拣

以废纸制浆过程中产生的废渣为研究对象,采用“四分法”取样。通过分析样品中的成分构成及各成分比例,探讨其应用于木塑复合材料的可行性。分析结果显示,固体废弃物中主要成分为塑料和植物纤维废渣,两者占总重的80wt%以上;聚丙烯（PP）和聚乙烯（PE）占塑料总重的55wt%以上;采用水浮法可实现废渣原料的分拣。