优质籼型水稻光温敏核不育系万金S的选育

万金S是广东海洋大学农学院利用扬稻6号(9311)的育性变异单株育成的水稻光温敏核不育系,于2009年9月通过广东省技术鉴定。万金S不育期间败育彻底,不育性稳定,不育株率100%,花粉不育度和套袋自交不实率均为99.99%;不育起点温度较低(23～24℃),在湛江不育期135 d以上;开花习性好,异交结实率高达60%以上;米质优,达国标《优质稻谷》2级标准;所配组合杂种优势强,稻米品质优,其中万两优香1号于2011年6月通过了海南省品种审定。     

Inorganic N analysis of soil extracts by automated and distillation procedures

Abstract

A comparison was made of automated procedures and steam distillation for analysis of NH₄ ⁺ and NO₃ ^‐ in KCl extracts of soils. Automated analysis of NH₄ ⁺ utilized the phenate‐hypochlorite reaction. Nitrate was analyzed by E. coli reduction of NO₃ ^‐ to NO₂‐which was then determined colorimetrically by reaction with sulfanilamide and napthylethylenediamine diHCl. Soil extracts were made with 1 M and 2 M KCl. Extracting with 1 M KCl was as effective as 2 M KCl. Extracts in 1 M KCl did not interfere with E. coli reduction of NO₃‐, but 2 M KCl did. The automated procedures when compared to distillation gave similar if not better precision and reduced variation particularly at low N concentrations. The automated procedure tended to give higher values at higher NO₃‐concentrations. Reduced time required for the analyses provided an additional advantage for the automated procedures.     

Mineral Composition and Soil-Plant Relationships for Common Guava (Psidium guajava L.) and Yellow Strawberry Guava (Psidium cattleianum var. lucidum) Tree Parts and Fruits

The mineral compositions of the fruit and tree parts of common guava, Psidium guajava L., and strawberry guava, Psidium cattleianum var. lucidum, were determined. The study occurred during three seasons at six locations in Hawaii to assess guava as feed for livestock. Guava bark contained the greatest concentrations of calcium (Ca) and ash; leaves the greatest concentrations of magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), boron (B), and manganese (Mn); and the shoots had the greatest concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The leaves and the shoots had the greatest concentrations of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe). Between guava and waiwi, guava had greater concentrations of most minerals except for Na in all plant parts, and Mg and ash in the leaves. Guava leaves and shoots meet the macromineral requirements for various phases of sheep, goat, and beef cattle life cycles with the exception of P and Na. Guava shoots do not meet Mn requirements for lactating cows.     

Soil organic matter fractionation as a tool for predicting nitrogen mineralization in silty arable soils

After decades of searching for a practical method to estimate the N mineralization capacity of soil, there is still no consistent methodology. Indeed it is important to have practical methods to estimate soil nitrogen release for plant uptake and that should be appropriate, less time consuming, and cost effective for farmers. We fractionated soil organic matter (SOM) to assess different fractions of SOM as predictors for net N mineralization measured from repacked (disturbed) and intact (undisturbed) soil cores in 14 weeks of laboratory incubations. A soil set consisting of surface soil from 18 cereal and root‐cropped arable fields was physically fractionated into coarse and fine free particulate OM (coarse fPOM and fine fPOM), intra‐microaggregate particulate OM (iPOM) and silt and clay sized OM. The silt and clay sized OM was further chemically fractionated by oxidation with 6% NaOCl to isolate an oxidation‐resistant OM fraction, followed by extraction of mineral bound OM with 10% HF (HF‐res OM). Stepwise multiple linear regression yielded a significant relationship between the annual N mineralization (kg N/ha) from undisturbed soil and coarse fPOM N (kg N/ha), silt and clay N (kg N/ha) and its C:N ratio (R² = 0.80; P < 0.01). The relative annual N mineralization (% of soil N) from disturbed soils was related to coarse fPOM N, HF‐res OC (% of soil organic carbon) and its C:N ratio (R² = 0.83; P < 0.01). Physical fractions of SOM were thus found to be the most useful predictors for estimating the annual N mineralization rate of undisturbed soils. However, the bioavailability of physical fractions was changed due to the disturbance of soil. For disturbed soils, a presumed stable chemical SOM fraction was found to be a relevant predictor indicating that this fraction still contains bio‐available N. The latter prompted a revision in our reasoning behind selective oxidation and extraction as tools for characterizing soil organic N quality with respect to N availability. Nonetheless, the present study also underscores the potential of a combined physical and chemical fractionation procedure for isolating and quantifying N fractions which preferentially contribute to bulk soil N mineralization. The N content or C:N ratio of such fractions may be used to predict N mineralization in arable soils.     

园林植物景观意境创造的研究

园林景观只有被赋予一定的思想意境，并与景观要素相融合，才能真正的体现园林艺术价值。而园林植物因为蕴涵着深厚的文化内涵，承裁着丰富的文化信息，常用来进行园林意境的创造。结合实例对我国古典园林、现代园林运用植物造景创造园林景观意境的方法进行研究，揭示园林未来的发展应结合时代特点，并借鉴优秀的传统艺术手法进行园林植物造景意境的创造，融合植物造景的科学性和艺术性于一体。     

基于RFID的无公害蔬菜质量安全管理系统设计与实现

以RFID技术为依托,以农超对接中的“基地-加工企业-超市”为主要模式,围绕无公害蔬菜生产、包装、销售的主要环节,建立基于RFID的无公害蔬菜质量安全管理系统,实现对无公害蔬菜从产地到加工经营企业整个流程实施有效监管和追溯,增加对无公害蔬菜产品农药残留检测的密度和范围,及时依据检测结果做出准否上市的正确判断.     

不同海拔芭蕉根药材UPLC-ELSD的指纹图谱分析

为更好地开发、利用芭蕉根药材,对不同海拔芭蕉根药材的UPLC-ELSD指纹图谱进行分析,采用Agilent ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C18(2.1 mm×100mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,0.1％乙酸水-乙腈洗脱系统,梯度洗脱,流速0.2 mL/min,蒸发光散射检测器(ELSD)检测,雾化温度为45℃,载气氮气流速1.5 L/min测定15批不同海拔的芭蕉根药材,对其进行聚类分析和相似度评价.结果表明:在不同海拔(298.52～1 357.82m)采集的芭蕉根药材的UPLC-ELSD指纹图谱有较好的相似度,芭蕉根中弱紫外吸收和缺少发色基团的化学成分的种类较统一；系统聚类分析可将芭蕉根药材归为4类,提示不同海拔的芭蕉根药材的质量存在较大差异.结论:建立的指纹图谱测定方法稳定、重复性好,可为芭蕉根药材的开发、利用及质量控制提供参考.     

安庆市景观水体现状调查研究

针对安庆市5处景观水体现状进行调查研究,并对其水域水体进行取样分析,测定COD,浊度,NH3-N,DO,BOD55项水质指标,进行分析对比。根据分析结果提出相应的可行性治理措施。     

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Potential to Contribute Solubilized Soil Phosphorus to Subsequent Crops

Reports supporting folklore beliefs that buckwheat (BW) can significantly contribute solubilized phosphorus (P) from sparingly soluble soil P to subsequent crops remain anecdotal. To quantify P solubilized by BW from five inorganic and three organic pools in a Fargo silty clay, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (WHT) was grown as a reference crop to compare P mineralized and P uptake in a complete randomized design. Following fractionation and analysis, P changes between pools indicated solubilization from recalcitrant to less recalcitrant P pools. Calcium-bound P contributed the most P (72% of inorganic pool) to the available fraction, and P uptake by BW (40 kg ha^?1) was significantly greater than wheat (16 kg ha^?1) from the inorganic pools, whereas WHT uptake was significantly greater (P < 0.05) from the organic pool. Following harvest, more P was found in available P pools after BW compared to WHT, suggesting potential solubilization of P to subsequent crops compared with WHT.     

Environmental assessment of boreal rivers using fish data – a contribution to the Water Framework Directive

Abstract A fish‐based assessment method was developed to estimate the ecological status of boreal rivers. Electric fishing data were collected from 902 rapids, together with information on the land use, channel modification and water chemistry. Discriminant function analysis was used to select fish variables that most correctly classified the undisturbed reference sites and human impacted sites into exact classes. The relationship between the level of human alteration and fish metrics was examined. Five metrics were selected for the index: the number of fish species, proportion of sensitive species, proportion of tolerant species, density of cyprinid individuals and the density of age‐0+ salmonids. The value for each metric (between 0 and 1) was calculated according to a point estimate for classical probability. The index is used to estimate the ecological classification of rivers according to the EU Water Framework Directive.