泰和乌鸡配套系商品肉鸡的肉质特性研究

研究了泰和乌鸡配套系商品肉鸡的肉质特性。结果表明:通过改良育种后,泰和乌鸡配套系商品肉鸡不仅早期生长速度得到了较大的提高,而且与原种泰和乌鸡的肉质特性基本一致。     

Tomato productivity and the associated composition of the hydroponic or soil solution

The concentration and balance of nutrients in both the hydroponic or soil solution has been evaluated with relevance to tomato productivity. Yields of 200 mt/ha have been produced in greenhouse, hydroponic culture in a 9 to 10 month period. Yields of more than 100 mt/ha of field grown tomatoes have been produced in Florida in a 4 to 5 month period. Within the limitations of either culture, it is possible per unit of time to provide the nutrients required to produce equivalent yields. It is most significant that field grown tomatoes in Florida can be grown with minimal management and at a fraction of the cost of those grown hydroponically. The validity of the Florida fresh market tomato industry is based on the production efficiency of the field culture. There are annually 16,000 ha of tomatoes grown in Florida, perhaps less than 40 ha grown in hydroponic cultures.     

Potential for organic Chilean wine

Abstract

The potential for extending organic wine production in Chile is discussed in relation to its history and present situation. The main objective is to present an overview of the production of organic wine in Chile, its certification, and national and international markets. During the wine harvesting season in March and April 2006, the authors visited and interviewed staff at four Chilean organic wineries. The wineries were all situated in the wine-producing centre of the country and were of variable sizes. One of the certification bodies in Chile was also interviewed. In addition to the field studies and interviews in Chile, various written information has been used. Second to Argentina, Chile is the country that produces most wine in Latin America. Vineyards cover a total of 110 000 hectares of the country's two million hectares of arable land. A study carried out in 2005 showed that 2000 hectares (almost 2%) of vineyards are organically cultivated. The organic production is operated by 32 different companies, which produce organic wine mainly for exportation to the international market. In Chile, the number of certified organic wine producers has increased in recent years in a trend directed by international demand and possible competitive advantages for Chilean wines. In order for a wine to be called ‘organic’ or ‘wine made from organically grown grapes’, the cultivation and final product must be approved by a certification company. In Chile there are three main active certification bodies; one national (Certificadora Chile Orgánico, CCO) and two international (the Swiss company IMO and the German company BCS). The study reveals a country with innovation and energy but facing strong pressures from the international market and its jungle of laws and directives, and the differing prestige of different certifications and labels. Chile as a wine-producing country has many competitors, and the production of organic wine could be a way to find diversity and exploit new market ground where environmental consideration concerns and sustainability are important targets.     

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Rice Yield,Soil Nutrient Profile,and Cyanobacterial Nitrogenase Activity under Rice–Wheat Cropping System

We assessed the cyanobacterial inoculation, green manure (GM) application, and chemical nitrogen (N) fertilization on grain/straw yield, nutrient balance, and nitrogenase activity under individual and integrated nutrient management mode in a rice–wheat cropping sequence. Individual and integrated application of cyanobacterial biofertilizer (CB) and GM with chemical fertilizer improved the soil health and production of rice crop. Integration of cyanobacterial and green manure resulted in a savings of 50 kg N ha^?1. Functional relationships (R2, –83.5 to 95.7%) between the different sources of nutrients revealed that the maximum positive contribution of cyanobacteria was on final available N (45.2%) and available phosphorus (P, 18.5%). Green manure had the greatest contribution to total N, total P, zinc, iron, and manganese (Mn). However, cyanobacteria had a negative relationship with Mn and sodium (Na, –30.19%). A negative relationship with Na indicates the possibility of using cyanobacteria as an ameliorating agent for salt-affected soil.     

The form of the calibration curve of a neutron moisture meter near the soil surface

Abstract

A considerable increase in accuracy of soil moisture determinations near the soil surface was possible with the depth probe of a neutron moisture meter when quadratic calibration curves were used     

江南桤木育苗技术的研究

本文研究了江南桤木不同播种量和不同水分管理方法的育苗效果。结果表明，播种量以45kg／hm2量为宜，苗木高生长、地径生长和优质苗产量均优于其他几种处理方法；水分管理以“湿管法”育苗效果最好，苗木的高生长、地径生长和优质苗产量与“水管法”、常规育苗方法间均存在显著差异。     

Observations on the bismuth sulfide colorimetric procedure for sulfate analysis in soil

Abstract

The bismuth sulfide and methylene blue colorimetric finishes for soil sulfate determination by the Johnson‐Nishita distillation method were examined and compared. Both procedures gave comparable results when applied to soils and soil extracts, but the bismuth method was more rapid and more reliable. Nitrogen flow rate over the range 100–500 ml/min was not critical for the bismuth method, provided appropriate distillation times were employed. However, the release and transfer of hydrogen sulfide in the bismuth method was effected in one‐third of the time required for the méthylène blue finish, largely due to the elimination of a gas‐washing step. Predrying of soil extract samples increased recovery of hydrogen sulfide with the bismuth procedure arid could be used to increase sensitivity. Nitrate interference was observed with the bismuth procedure but attributed to interference during the reduction step. The bismuth procedure can readily be adapted for microdetermination in the 0–40 ppm sulfate‐S range.     

滨藜灌木在优质羊肉形成过程中的作用

主要分析由耐盐植物滨藜灌木加工而成的饲料对羊肉品质的影响。滨藜可以提高胴体中瘦肉的比例．同时可增加肌肉中VE的含量．保持肉色稳定。概述了滨藜在羊肉生产中的最佳利用方式，通过综合考虑放牧条件和动物消化能力两方面因素，改变肉质组成和提高VE含量。滨藜的利用难点是能量值较低、增重效果差，单独饲喂满足不了肉羊生产需要，所以必须在饲料中补充高能牧草或精料。强调了耐盐滨藜灌木在羊肉生产中的作用，由于山羊具有采食滨藜灌木枝芽的特性，所以其增重较明显．同时又可提高瘦肉率和VE含量。