Quantitative site classification in the key county in the conversion of farmland to forests project

According to the requirements of the conversion of farmland to forests project (CFFP), we investigated the vegetation factors and environmental factors from more than 6,105 sub-compartments in Liangcheng County, Inner Mongolia by using the Matlab, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the hierarchical cluster method (HCM). The site conditions were classified quantitatively. The results show that CFFP at this site comprises five site-type groups and 19 site types. A quantitative site classification system method has been established in this paper. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2005, 27(6) [译自: 北京林业大学学报, 2005, 27(6)]     

沙棘定向培育的试验研究

在内蒙古克什克腾旗对引进和选优的沙棘品种进行了13年的区域性试验，筛选出无刺、高V-C型、高氨基酸型、大果等10个有较高经济价值的沙棘优良类型，在筛选的基础上，结合生化测定，在不同立地条件下，定向栽培，推广面积达3000hm^2。     

Effect of various plant factors on the expression of creeping-rootedness in lucerne (Medicago sativa L. complex)

Although agronomically interesting, selection of creeping-rootedness inlucerne, that is, the ability to form adventitious shoots on horizontal,spreading roots, remains difficult because of the complex and still unclear geneticcontrol of this character, coupled with the possible occurrence of external factorsthat affect unpredictably its expression. Two experiments were undertaken onprogenies of creeping-rooted plants, to verify previous findings and inferences,and test novel hypotheses, concerning the effect of various plant factors on theexpression of creeping-rootedness. The ultimate aim was to provide information onthe most appropriate germplasm, procedures, or indirect selection criteria, that wouldimprove the efficiency of breeding for this character. The factors here examinedincluded genotype, age, kind of progeny, vigour, spreading ability, and undergroundmorphology. Some genotypes appeared to be good donors of the character, whereasothers did not. The proportion of creeping-rooted plants increased in allcases with the plant age. Selfing consistently depressed the expression ofthe character compared with clonal propagation or crossing. It is suggestedthat the effect of age and selfing on the penetrance of creeping-rootedness ismediated through their effect on plant vigour. Both aerial and root vigour showedindeed an effect per se on the presence of the character. Beside thevigour, possible indirect selection criteria were identified in the frequenciesof swollen zones and latent stem primordia on horizontal roots. Proportion ofcreeping-rooted plants in progenies after one year of growth appeared as a simple anduseful criterion to predict future trends. Consistent with previous conclusions, theresults provided evidence that a combination of family and individualselection may enhance the character expression.     

林用架空索道导向滑车“h_2”值的确定

本文从理论上和实践上第一次论证了林用架空索道导向滑车的滑轮选择系数“h_2”为14,从而为导向滑车的设计和制造提供了新的可靠依据。     

Prediction of breeding values for osseous fragments in fetlock and hock joints, deforming arthropathy in hock joints, and pathologic changes in the navicular bones of Hanoverian Warmblood horses

The results of a standardised radiological examination of 5928 Hanoverian Warmblood horses selected for sale at auction were used to predict relative breeding values (RBV) in the 23,662 horses included in the last four generations of the probands' pedigrees. The distribution of the RBV was investigated in the whole four-generation pedigree, in the probands and in those stallions that contributed at least three offspring to the probands. The RBV of the probands' sires were further compared with the officially published performance-based relative breeding values, i.e., total indices dressage (TID) and jumping (TIJ). The sires' level of dressage indices was considerably higher (mean TID=110) than of the jumping indices (mean TIJ=98). Total indices radiographic findings (TIR) were calculated for the sires with varying weighting given to the individual RBV. In each case, this resulted in a mean TIR of 99. Finally, total indices were derived from TIR and TID and/or TIJ in order to develop different selection schemes for all-purpose breeding and for breeding focused on dressage and show jumping. All breeding values under consideration increased by between 1% and 19% when radiographic findings were weighted with between 30% and 60% complementary to the corresponding performance parameters, and when only sires were selected with above average total indices. At the same time, the prevalences of the radiographic findings investigated here were lowered by up to 10% each. When only one radiographic finding was considered at a time, the maximum attainable response to selection was a 16-23% increase in the relative breeding values and a relative decrease in prevalences of radiographic findings of between 31% and 52%. The results of this study indicate that it is possible in horse breeding to consider simultaneously health and performance traits. Medical data should be included in the prediction of breeding values in order to improve the radiological status of today's riding horses.     

壳寡糖与草莓细胞结合过程的研究

 壳寡糖是一类能有效的诱导植物抗病性的重要激发子。本研究用2 - 氨基吖啶酮(22AMAC)标记壳寡糖, 应用激光共聚焦显微成像技术, 研究了壳寡糖与草莓细胞结合过程。结果表明壳寡糖能通过草莓细胞壁与细胞膜结合, 在细胞壁和细胞膜上有其结合位点, 与壳寡糖的结合具有专一性。     

Sporulation of Pyrenopeziza brassicae (light leaf spot) on oilseed rape (Brassica napus) leaves inoculated with ascospores or conidia at different temperatures and wetness durations

In controlled environment experiments, sporulation of Pyrenopeziza brassicae was observed on leaves of oilseed rape inoculated with ascospores or conidia at temperatures from 8 to 20°C at all leaf wetness durations from 6 to 72 h, except after 6 h leaf wetness duration at 8°C. The shortest times from inoculation to first observed sporulation ( l ₀), for both ascospore and conidial inoculum, were 11–12 days at 16°C after 48 h wetness duration. For both ascospore and conidial inoculum (48 h wetness duration), the number of conidia produced per cm² leaf area with sporulation was seven to eight times less at 20°C than at 8, 12 or 16°C. Values of Gompertz parameters c (maximum percentage leaf area with sporulation), r (maximum rate of increase in percentage leaf area with sporulation) and l ₃₇ (days from inoculation to 37% of maximum sporulation), estimated by fitting the equation to the observed data, were linearly related to values predicted by inserting temperature and wetness duration treatment values into existing equations. The observed data were fitted better by logistic equations than by Gompertz equations (which overestimated at low temperatures). For both ascospore and conidial inoculum, the latent period derived from the logistic equation (days from inoculation to 50% of maximum sporulation, l ₅₀) of P. brassicae was generally shortest at 16°C, and increased as temperature increased to 20°C or decreased to 8°C. Minimum numbers of spores needed to produce sporulation on leaves were ≈25 ascospores per leaf and ≈700 conidia per leaf, at 16°C after 48 h leaf wetness duration.     

单对汰选方法在加速抗高效氯氟氰菊酯棉铃虫品系汰选中的应用

通过设计杂合种群单对杂交方式,研究了加速获得抗性品系的方法。以高效氯氟氰菊酯群体汰选后抗性倍数为4.9倍的棉铃虫种群及其同源对照种群为材料,同时设置常规群体汰选方法与单对汰选方法,研究单对汰选方法在加速抗高效氯氟氰菊酯棉铃虫品系汰选中的作用。结果表明,群体汰选两代后抗性倍数由4.9倍提高到7.4倍, 而单对汰选两代后抗性倍数由4.9倍提高到27.3倍。表明在常规群体汰选中穿插几代单对汰选方法可明显加快棉铃虫种群对高效氯氟氰菊酯的抗性汰选进程。     

Landscape patterns as habitat predictors: building and testing models for cavity-nesting birds in the Uinta Mountains of Utah,USA

The ability to predict species occurrences quickly is often crucial for managers and conservation biologists with limited time and funds. We used measured associations with landscape patterns to build accurate predictive habitat models that were quickly and easily applied (i.e., required no additional data collection in the field to make predictions). We used classification trees (a nonparametric alternative to discriminant function analysis, logistic regression, and other generalized linear models) to model nesting habitat of red-naped sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus nuchalis), northern flickers (Colaptes auratus),tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), and mountain chickadees (Parus gambeli) in the Uinta Mountains of northeastern Utah, USA. We then tested the predictive capability of the models with independent data collected in the field the following year. The models built for the northern flicker, red-naped sapsucker, and tree swallow were relatively accurate (84%, 80%, and 75% nests correctly classified,respectively)compared to the models for the mountain chickadee (50% nests correctly classified). All four models were more selective than a null model that predicted habitat based solely on a gross association with aspen forests. We conclude that associations with landscape patterns can be used to build relatively accurate, easy to use, predictive models for some species. Our results stress, however, that both selecting the proper scale at which to assess landscape associations and empirically testing the models derived from those associations are crucial for building useful predictive models. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

苹果渣发酵料栽培糙皮侧耳优良菌株的选育

新选育的糙皮侧耳菌株PL -A2 属于早熟型品种。该菌株菌丝在 5～ 37℃温度范围内均能生长 ,菌丝生长适温为 18～ 30℃ ,最适温度为 2 5～ 2 8℃。在苹果渣发酵料培养基上 ,菌丝粗壮、整齐、洁白 ,爬壁能力强 ,满袋天数为 2 2d± 1d。经推广栽培证明 ,PL -A2 是高产优质菌株