IN VITRO EVALUATION OF FELINE LEUKOCYTES RADIOLABELED IN WHOLE BLOOD WITH 99MTC STANNOUS COLLOID

Technetium-99m stannous colloid (^99mTcSnC) has been used to radiolabel human leukocytes to investigate various inflammatory disorders. We investigated the in vitro behavior of feline leukocytes labeled in whole blood with ^99mTcSnC. Heparinized blood samples were collected from healthy cats and divided into control and test aliquots. The latter were labeled with ^99mTcSnC using a standard procedure. Leukocyte viability was determined for each sample using a trypan blue exclusion test. Labeling efficiency was determined for test aliquots. Test aliquots were layered onto Histopaque-1077^® and centrifuged before measurement of radioactivity of the blood components. Leukocytes from radiolabeled and control samples were washed and incubated with opsonized zymosan particles to allow assessment of phagocytic function. Aliquots were taken from radiolabeled feline leukocyte samples at 1, 3, 4, and 7 h postlabelling. After centrifugation of each aliquot, radioactivity of the supernatant and pellet was measured and the labeling retention determined. Leukocyte viability in both radiolabeled and control samples was >98%. The labeling efficiency was 95.2±0.14%. The distribution of radioactivity in feline blood was found to be 3.4±0.18% in plasma, 39.0±0.37% in erythrocytes, and 57.6±0.38% in leukocytes. Labeled feline leukocytes had phagocytic activity of 90.9±0.18% (control 91.3±0.15%). The radiolabeled leukocytes retained 93.4±0.19% of the radioactivity up to 7 h postlabeling. ^99mTcSnC efficiently labeled feline leukocytes with no effect on viability and minimal effect on phagocytic function. The percentage retention of radioactivity by the leukocytes was still high at 7 h postlabeling.     

日粮和管理对东北虎血液指标及免疫功能的影响

从营养和管理方式均不同的两组东北虎群中各选5只体型适中的成年雄性东北虎作为研究对象，其中笼养组以纯肉为日粮，散养组以混合饲料为日粮。麻醉后采集静脉血，测定血液中各项生理生化指标，外周血淋巴细胞增殖性反应，以及血清中白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）的含量。结果：散养组外周血淋巴细胞增殖性反应显著高于笼养组（P〈0．05）；血清尿素、肌酐、淀粉酶、谷丙转氦酶、谷草转氦酶等指标在两组间差异显著（P〈0．05）：全血红细胞计数、白细胞计数、血红蛋白含量、血清蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇等指标组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结果显示：营养和管理方式对东北虎某些血液指标产生影响，混合日粮和散养方式更有利于维持东北虎的正常免疫机能和健康。     

脾虚证模型家兔神经内分泌机能的变化及四君子汤对其调整作用

给家兔胃管投服苦寒中药大黄水煎液,复制出家兔脾虚证动物模型,研究了脾虚证模型家兔神经内分泌机能的变化和健脾益气四 君子汤对其的调 整作用。结果表 明,脾 虚证模型家兔血 浆胃泌素、ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ 和ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ／ｃ Ｇ Ｍ Ｐ 较试验前和对照组明显下降 （ Ｐ ＜ ００５ 或 Ｐ ＜ ００１）, 血浆胰高血糖素和血清胆碱酯酶活性较对照组和试验前极显著升高 （ Ｐ ＜ ００１）。以上各指标在经四君子汤治疗后均恢复至试验前和对照组水平,与模型期比较变化明显 （ Ｐ ＜ ００５ 或 Ｐ ＜ ００１）。由此说明,脾虚证时神经内分泌机能发生了改变,表现为交感神经机能降低和副交感神经机能相对亢进,以及胃肠道激素如胃泌素和胰高血糖素的分泌发生变化,四君子汤对其有良好的调整作用或拮抗作用。     

Productive,Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Imported and Locally Born Friesian and Holstein Lactating Cows under Hot Summer Conditions of Egypt

Twenty each of healthy lactating Friesian and Holstein cows were studied. They were of similar age and body weight, nonpregnant in their third lactation and 80–100 days post partum. The investigation was carried out for 8 weeks on two farms at the same time during the hot summer season in Egypt. The first farm was in Demietta (North east of the Nile Delta, 31° 40 N) on 20 Friesian cows and the second was in Fakous (East of the Nile Delta, 30° 40 N) on 20 Holstein cows. On each of the two farms, 10 cows were newly imported and 10 were born in Egypt.The average daily milk yield and total milk production in the third lactation of the newly imported cows were significantly higher than those of the locally born cows for both Friesians and Holsteins. At the same time, the T₄, T₃, urea-N, haematological values and AST enzyme activity in the newly imported cows were significantly lower than those in the locally born ones in both breeds, while the locally born cows showed significantly lower values for rectal temperature and respiration rate, as well as for AST and Alk-P enzyme activities, than the newly imported cows of either breed.Holstein cows surpassed the Friesians in milk production, as well as thyroid hormone secretion and cholesterol, haemoglobin, packed cell volume and erythrocyte count values. The opposite was found for serum total protein, urea-N and creatinine concentrations, leukocyte count and AST, ALT and Alk-P enzyme activities.     

葡多酚对肉鸡生产性能和免疫机能的影响

试验旨在探讨日粮中葡多酚对肉鸡生产性能和免疫机能的影响。选用1日龄健康爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡公雏鸡240只,随机分配到对照组及试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组4个处理组中,空白对照组饲喂基础日粮(不含葡多酚),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加葡多酚7.5、15、22.5 mg/kg,试验期42 d。结果表明,在0~3周龄,试验Ⅲ组采食量最高,生长速度较快;在3~6和0~6周龄,试验Ⅰ组日增重和饲料效率最佳,而试验Ⅱ组略低于对照组。葡多酚对肉仔鸡的免疫器官发育无显著影响,7.5 mg/kg葡多酚有增加肉仔鸡外周血中CD3⁺、CD8⁺、αβ和γδ T细胞数量的潜力。因此,肉仔鸡日粮中添加适量葡多酚可促进生长,调节免疫机能。     

生物活性肽的研究进展

生物活性肽属于多功能因子。随着各种生物活性的不断发现,对其生理功能的不断探究,生物活性肽越来越受到人们的关注。作者对不同来源的生物活性肽,依其不同的生理功能进行了综述,以期为生物活性肽的研发提供参考。     

MHC及其在动物遗传与育种方面的应用

主要组织相容性复合体(Major histocompatibility complex,MHC)不仅与移植排斥反应有关,而且还与动物的一些经济性状密切相关。文章主要阐述了MHC的结构、功能和遗传特性,并且介绍了MHC基因作为遗传标记在动物遗传与育种方面的应用。     

发酵棉粕对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究发酵棉粕(FCM)替代豆粕(SBM)对AA肉仔鸡生长性能、血清生化及免疫功能的影响,并确定发酵棉粕在AA肉鸡日粮中的最适添加量。试验选择480羽1日龄AA肉鸡(44.40±1.11)g,随机分成4组,每组6个重复,以玉米豆粕基础日粮为对照组,分别用5%、10%和15%的发酵棉粕替代豆粕。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加发酵棉粕对肉鸡平均日增重(ADG)、采食量(ADFI)和饲料增重比(F/G)无显著影响;21日龄时,添加5%FCM显著提高了肉鸡的血液IgG和IgM含量及法氏囊指数(P<0.05),添加15%FCM显著降低了血清中尿素氮(UN)含量(P<0.05),此外,3个FCM处理均能提高胸腺指数(P<0.05),但对脾脏指数无影响;42日龄时,5%和10%FCM组显著降低了血清中的UN含量(P<0.05),15%FCM还提高了胸腺和法氏囊指数(P<0.05)。试验通过主成分分析,在试验范围内建立了评价FCM综合效果的参数Z,并得到1~21日龄和22~42日龄阶段,FCM的适宜添加量分别为5%和15%。     

论完善权力制约和监督机制的作用与途径

胡锦涛总书记在党的十七大报告中指出：“完善制约和监督机制,保证人民赋予的权力始终用来为人民谋利益。确保权力正确行使,必须让权力在阳光下运行。”这充分表明了我们党对整治权力滥用现象、打击和惩治腐败、从严治党的决心,更反映了我们党在加强权力运行上更加注重公开、公平、公正。因此,必须充分认识完善权力制约和监督机制在建设中国特色社会主义中的重要性。     

Relation of reproductive performances and rectal palpation for luteum function of heifers 7 days after estrus

Diagnosis of corpus luteum (CL) function by rectal palpation (RP) has been widely used for recipient selection of embryo transfer (ET), a technology essential for genetic improvements in cattle. To examine the accuracy of RP diagnosis method, the relationship between RP‐based CL function and reproductive performance was compared in this study. In Experiment 1, CL of Holstein heifers on day 7 after estrus was classified into functional or hypoplastic by RP, and the results were compared with ultrasonographic (US) images and plasma progesterone (P4) levels. As a result, heifers with functional CL judged by RP had a mean maximum CL diameter of 20.1 ± 3.1 mm on US and a mean P4 concentration of 8.1 ± 2.3 ng/mL. These values were significantly greater than those of heifers with hypoplastic CL (12.4 ± 5.4 mm, 4.0 ± 2.8 ng/mL) (P < 0.001). In Experiment 2, the length of the estrus cycle was examined between functional CL and hypoplastic CL. The rate of heifers with a normal estrus cycle length with 18–25 days was significantly lower with hypoplastic CL than with functional CL (16/24 vs. 43/46, P < 0.01). In Experiment 3, 543 inseminated heifers were similarly classified by CL function by RP 7 days after estrus. The heifers with functional CL showed higher pregnancy rate compared with the heifers with hypoplastic CL (75.2 vs. 47.9%, P < 0.0001). Finally, the CL function of 66 heifers was examined by RP on day 7 post‐estrus, and ET was performed in 49 (74.2%) heifers with functional CL. As a result, 27 (55.1%) of them became pregnant. Taken together, these results reconfirm that RP on day 7 after estrus is useful for selection of heifers with functional CL.