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171.
基于树轮宽度指标,精确重建了黄河上游一级支流湟水河过去248年来6-7月份河流径流量,发现湟水河6-7月份径流量有明显的枯水期和丰水期的变化。重建结果与历史记载的相对旱涝时期比较吻合,证明了重建结果的可靠性。其中枯水期为:1753-1766年、1785-1802年、1815-1832年、1861-1887年、1918-1941年、1963-1978年、1993-1998年;丰水期为:1767-1784年、1803-1814年、1834-1860年、1891-1916年、1944-1961年、1979-1992年。周期分析表明,湟水河过去近250年6-7月份径流量有明显的2.00a、2.29a、2.31a、2.33a、2.35a、34.29a、40.00a和48.00a的变化周期。 相似文献
172.
Catriona M. MacPhail DVM DACVS Eric Monnet DVM PhD DACVS DECVS Davyd H. Pelsue DVM DACVS James S. Gaynor DVM MS DACVA 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2006,16(3):192-198
Objective: To determine changes in hemodynamic and cardiac energetic parameters in dogs after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia. These blood flow alterations are similar to changes seen in splanchnic blood flow in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus syndrome (GDV). Design: Original experimental study. Setting: Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals: Seven purpose‐bred, intact male dogs. Interventions: Standard midline laparotomy and median sternotomy were performed under general anesthesia. Dogs were instrumented to obtain arterial blood pressure, aortic flow, cardiac chamber pressures, central venous pressure, portal flow, and portal pressure. Colored microsphere technology was used for the determination of myocardial blood flow. Measurements and samples were obtained at baseline, following induction of portal hypertension, and after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia. Measurements and main results: Left ventricular myocardial blood flow was increased from 81.8±20.1 mL/100 g/min at baseline to 127.7±57.2 mL/100 g/min (P=0.02) after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia. Myocardial oxygen consumption increased from 142.2±27.4 J/min/100 g at baseline to 219.1±33.4 J/min/100 g (P=0.003) after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia, but cardiac external work remained unchanged (13.67±6.2 to 13.27±9.6 J/min; P=0.78; power=0.79). Cardiac efficiency decreased from 11.6±6.1% at baseline to 7.6±5.1% (P=0.017) after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia. Conclusions: Transfer of energy within the myocardium was less efficient after induction of portal hypertension and ischemia of the stomach wall. On the basis of these results, alterations in cardiac function associated with GDV may result from deterioration of cardiac efficiency. 相似文献
173.
To compliment the current subirrigation systems used for production of potted plants, a nutrient-flow wick culture (NFW) system was developed and compared with other subirrigation systems, such as an ebb and flow culture (EBB) system and a nutrient-stagnant wick culture (NSW) system in relation to their system characteristics and plant growth. Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana cv. New Alter) was cultivated in a 6 cm pot for 10 weeks in each subirrigation system. The water-absorption pattern of the medium, water content of the medium, water loss, algal growth, salt-buildup and plant growth under various culture systems were observed. The water contents of medium under the NFW and EBB systems showed fluctuations from 30 to 40% and from 50 to 60% (by volume), respectively, whereas the water content under the NSW system gradually increased to over 40% without fluctuation. Relative to other systems, the water loss in the NFW system was 50–70% due to the reduction in the evaporation from the surfaces of the trough and medium. Algae appeared in the NSW system because the nutrient solution was always stagnant in the trough, while it was not observed under the NFW system. The dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution was the highest during the irrigation period and the salinity in the medium was the lowest in the NFW system. With regard to system characteristics, the NFW system was simple, water-saving and efficient. In addition, the growth of kalanchoes in the NFW system was similar to those in the NSW and EBB systems at an irrigation frequency of five times a day. 相似文献
174.
Enhancement of photosynthesis and growth of tomato seedlings by forced ventilation within the canopy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A forced ventilation system that directs airflow upward or downward within a canopy was developed for plant culture in order to enhance photosynthesis and growth of the plant canopy. Tomato seedling canopies including the seedlings, growing medium, and a plastic tray were used for the experiments. In the upward and downward ventilation systems, air flows upward and downward, respectively, within the plant canopy; this is achieved by blowing and drawing air from holes (Ø 6 mm) made in plastic pipes positioned on the surface of the growing medium. A horizontal airflow system was used as a conventional system to compare the performance of the experimental ventilation systems. Using the upward and downward ventilation systems, the effects of air directions and air velocities on the CO2 exchange rate of the tomato seedling canopy and the growth of the seedlings were compared with those observed using the conventional horizontal airflow system. The forced ventilation within the plant canopy enhanced the CO2 exchange rate of the canopy and the dry masses of the seedlings by 1.4–1.5 and 1.2–1.3 times, respectively, as compared to the conventional horizontal airflow. When the leaf area index (LAI) increased from 1.2 to 2.4, there was only a 5% decrease in the CO2 exchange rate per unit leaf area in the downward ventilation system, whereas there was a 20% decrease in the CO2 exchange rate per leaf area in the horizontal airflow system. The coefficient of variation for the dry mass of the seedlings was higher in the downward system than in the other systems. These results demonstrate that forced ventilation within the canopy is an effective technique to enhance the gas exchange of the plant canopy and the consequent plant growth. 相似文献
175.
Fabrício de Oliveira Reis Eliemar Campostrini Elias Fernandes de Sousa Marcelo Gabetto e Silva 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006
In papaya plants a study to quantify the water flow through the trunk is important for to promote a good water management in commercial orchard. The objective was to study the relationship between water flow through the trunk and temperature measurements determined by probes inserted in the papaya plant stem in laboratory. In addition, was possible to study the relationship between sap flow and instantaneous gas exchange in field conditions. We constructed an instrument that maintained a stable water flux through a 0.30 m stem section with a constant pressure, simulating the xylem sap flow through the stem. Water flux was adjusted by varying pressure of water in the stem section. The mathematical model used to fit the relation between K (Granier heat coefficient) values and sap flow density was the exponential model: u = 0.5511 × K1.9104. Field studies was conducted in a commercial orchard located in North of the State of Rio de Janeiro, with 12 plants in October 2002, and eight plants in January 2003. We verified that instantaneous transpiration, measured by a portable system of gas exchange (porometry), presented a good (R2 = 0.75) positive relationship with xylem sap flow. Estimates of papaya sap flow can be obtained by scaling portable photosynthesis system measurements with exposed leaves, however the relationship is non-linear in higher instantaneous transpiration rates. The causes of the non-linear relationship in higher transpiration are discussed. In addition, was possible to obtain a good (R2 = 0.76) relationship between net photosynthesis rate and xylem sap flow in papaya field-grown. 相似文献
176.
177.
以KNO3为入渗溶液,模拟研究了硝态氮在膜孔灌肥液自由入渗条件下的运移过程.结果表明,在湿润蜂运移的范围内,沿着膜孔水平方向和垂直方向,硝态氮前锋运移速率受土壤含水量的影响较大,并随着土壤含水量的增加而增加;硝态氮前锋运移速率与运移距离有很好的相关性,并随着运移距离的增加呈幂函数衰减变化.硝态氮前锋浓度随着运移距离的增加而升高,其变化趋势呈指数曲线关系,且在湿润锋(土壤干湿交界)面上达到最大值;硝态氮前锋浓度随土壤含水量的增加呈幂函数递减,两者的相关系数也达到了极显著水平. 相似文献
178.
依据历史水文数据和区域水资源现状,阐述了20世纪以来天津市湿地萎缩的趋势和成因,论述了该地区进行汛期洪水资源存储的必要性和可能性。实施境内区域水资源的优化调配,建设南北水系沟通工程引北部富余雨洪水南调入北大港水库,是天津市洪水资源利用体系的重要组成部分。基于Newton-Raphson方法和松弛算法建立一维河网非恒定流水动力学模型,对西线调水工程拟建路线和30 m3/s和50 m3/s两种方案进行数值计算,结果表明:该工程线路可以实现自流调水,调水过程平稳且线路沿程控制水位较低。分析工程实施对环境影响,通过加强水质监测、合理选择调水时机、及时修复施工所占用土地等措施,可减弱工程对环境的不良影响。 相似文献
179.
渭河下游水沙变化趋势分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过对近6年渭河下游水沙量数据的统计和分析得出,渭河下游河段年内多沙期较河流主汛期有所提前;年径流量和年输沙量的变化趋势基本一致,而且自60年代至2005年华县站的水沙量持续呈递减趋势;河流的冲淤情况与该河段的降雨量有着直接的关系,当年平均降雨量小的时候河流以淤积为主,当年平均降雨量大的时候河流以冲蚀为主。针对这些特征,分析了渭河下游目前存在的主要问题。 相似文献
180.
塔里木河流域水量变化对生态环境影响分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文以塔里木河流域的10个水文站1961~2000年观测资料为基础,对塔里木河流域的径流变化及其对下游生态环境影响进行了分析。分析得出:(1)20世纪60年代以来,塔里木河各源流的出山口径流量增加23.82×108m3,增幅达14.97%,但是,能汇入塔里木河干流的水量并没有增加,而且比60年代减少了8.8×108m3,减幅达17.41%。(2)近40年以来,由于塔里木河干流上中游地区的耕地面积急剧扩大,用水量剧增,使下游的来水量比60年代减少7.72×108m3,减幅达76.13%。(3)由于塔里木河上中游耗水量的增加,塔里木河下游来水量逐年减少以至断流,由此造成下游生态环境出现较大的变化,主要表现有:河水盐化严重,灾害性天气出现的次数大幅增加,河道断流,地下水位下降,天然植被严重衰败,沙漠化过程加重。(4)实施塔里木河流域水资源的统一管理,统筹分配上、中、下游水量,调整大农业生产方向,完善流域节水改造配套工程,发展节水型农业,是塔里木河下游受损生态环境恢复与重建的关键。 相似文献