The Phytotoxicity of Various Graminicides in Durum Wheat in Greece

The effect of three herbicides, diclofop-methyl (DM), imazamethabenz-methyl (IM) and fenoxaprop-ethyl (FE), was investigated at the recommended rate (×) and double the recommended rate (2×) in a durum wheat crop. FE had the smallest effect on root system characteristics, while IM had the greatest effect. For all herbicides, the double rate treatment gave a greater statistical reduction than the single rate for root system characteristics. FE had the smallest effect on the activity of aerobic microorganisms, while DM gave the greatest reduction, 10 days after application, and all three herbicides reduced earthworm abundance. DM gave the smallest reduction in the number of tillers and in plant height, while the double rate of IM gave the greatest reduction. For all three herbicides, double the recommended rate resulted in a significant reduction in the weight of 1000 seeds, while no statistically significant deviations were noted at the recommended rate. Finally, the use of all three herbicides resulted in significantly lower statistical yields compared to the sample (control plot), although there were no significant statistical differences among them, for either recommended or double recommended rates.     

苹果试管苗不定根起源及其发育状况的研究

利用光学和扫描电子显微镜观察结果表明,经琼脂生根培养基诱导产生的长富—2苹果 (Malus pumila Mill.) 试管苗的不定根起源于维管形成层。这种不定根发育不良,根表面缺乏根毛,内部解剖构造为典型的初生结构。为避免因不定根吸收、运输能力差而影响试管苗移栽成活,宜采用通透性良好的基质进行瓶内或瓶外生根,可诱导出优质不定根。     

大豆室内耐冷筛选及其在田间的应用研究

本试验把生长箱大豆耐低温萌发筛选与田间早春播研究相结合,验证耐低温发芽的可靠性。在实验室,萌发期表现抗冷的大豆,田间出昔期仍表现抗冷或较抗冷。实验表明,大豆出苗的生物学最低温度平均为7.1℃,所需有效积温136℃。地温的高低直接影响大豆早春出苗的多寡,两者呈密切的正相关。黄、青、黑豆中,以黑豆抵抗早春不良气候条件的能力最强。     

梨三倍体新品种龙园洋红的选育

龙园洋红梨是梨三倍体新品种,亲本为56-520×乔玛,抗寒性强,短枝型.果实不规则长椭圆形,果形指数1.13,平均单果重185.5 g,每个果实平均2.5粒种子,种子小、不饱满,多畸形.果皮浅黄色,阳面有红晕,果肉乳白色,肉质细软多汁,风味甜,有香气,可溶性固形物16.05%.果实在哈尔滨地区9月中旬成熟.     

牦牛放牧率对小嵩草高寒草甸不同植物类群地上生物量生产率的影响

2年的牦牛放牧试验表明:除不同植物本身的生理特性外,降水和地温是影响小嵩草高寒草甸两季草场不同植物类群地上生物量绝对生长率的关键因素。小嵩草高寒草甸两季草场地上总生物量的绝对生长率1999年在7月份最大;1998年,冷季草场各放牧处理的绝对生长率在8月份达到最大,暖季草场的对照组和轻牧组在7月份最大,中牧组和重牧组在8月份最大。不同植物类群地上生物量生长率的变化不尽相同。1998年,冷季草场禾草和莎草地上生物量的绝对生长率8月份达到最大,暖季草场禾草和莎草地上生物量的绝对生长率7月份达到最大,且9月份出现了营养的再次积累;1999年,冷季草场禾草地上生物量的绝对生长率在6月份和8月份出现了两个峰值,暖季草场禾草地生物量的绝对生长率在7月份达到最大。对杂草类而言,1998年冷季草场的绝对生长率6月份最大,暖季草场重牧组的绝对生长率8月份达到最大,其他各处理7月份达到最大;1999年重牧组杂草的绝对生长率在6月份达到最大,其他各处理杂草在8月份达到最大。     

中国结缕草属(Zoysia spp.)植物抗寒性评价

在广泛收集结缕草属(ZoysiaWild.)种质资源基础上,按照形态类型和地理分布,选取40份种质,采用电导法(EL)对其抗寒性进行初步评价。以半致死温度(LT50)为评价指标,在参试材料中除大穗结缕草和来自台湾岛海边沙地的沟叶结缕草外,其它种质都较天堂-419(对照)抗寒;在结缕草属内,抗寒性具有明显的种间差异,耐寒性依次为日本结缕草>中华结缕草>沟叶结缕草>细叶结缕草>长花中华结缕草>大穗结缕草,其中细叶类型的沟叶结缕草和细叶结缕草抗寒性变异较大;日本结缕草和中华结缕草抗寒性变异与地理分布之间没有显著关系,但分布在海边的种类和种质抗寒性明显较低;结缕草属及其中华结缕草的抗寒性与叶长、叶宽以及叶背面被毛之间均存在显著的负相关关系,但这种关系不体现在日本结缕草上。实验结果还表明,EL方法是评价结缕草属抗寒性较为可靠的方法之一。     

四川省退耕还林模式初探

根据自然地理分异规律、社会经济技术原理、生态学原理,分析了四川省的水土流失概况,提出了川中丘陵、盆周山地区、川西南干热干旱河谷区、川西北高山高原区的退耕还林模式。     

Horizontal transmission and host-virulence attenuation of totivirus in violet root rot fungus Helicobasidium mompa

Monokaryotic strains of Helicobasidium mompa were used as vectors of a mycovirus between various H. mompa isolates to examine the transmissibility of one of the mycoviruses, totivirus (HmTV1–17 virus) in the hypovirulent isolate V17 of H. mompa. The isolates that acquired HmTV1–17 virus were also examined for any alteration in the virulence. Twelve dikaryotic isolates of H. mompa, belonging to 11 mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs) and being mycelially incompatible with isolate V17, were used as recipients of HmTV1–17 virus. Two monokaryotic isolates that were mycelially incompatible with isolate V17 and all of the recipients were also used as vectors of HmTV1-17 virus between isolate V17 and the recipients. When isolate V17 and recipients were directly paired on plate media, HmTV1-17 virus was transmitted from isolate V17 into 2 of the 12 recipients (i.e., 2 of the 11 MCGs). Two monokaryotic strains were paired with isolate V17, and the monokaryotic strains that acquired HmTV1-17 virus were then used as new virus donors. When the monokaryotic strains containing HmTV1-17 virus were paired with the 12 recipients, HmTV1-17 virus was transmitted into 7 of the 12 recipients from the monokaryotic strains (i.e., 7 of 11 MCGs). Based on these results, we concluded that monokaryotic strains could act as vectors to transmit HmTV1-17 virus into H. mompa isolates. When four of the H. mompa isolates that acquired HmTV1-17 virus were used to inoculate apple rootstock Malus prunifolia, the virulence of all of the isolates was attenuated from that of their parental isolates. Moreover, because the DNA fingerprints of the fungal isolates that acquired HmTV1-17 virus were the same as those of their parental isolates, the infection with HmTV1-17 virus is considered the cause of virulence attenuation of H. mompa.     

永城县土壤养分变化动态与培肥措施

对永城县1982年至1987年土壤养分变化动态进行了定点分析研究.共分析了三十个乡的257个土样。土壤有机质和氮素含量1987年比1982年相应提高25%和41.4%;而速效磷和钾则相应降低36.1%和89.9%;微量元素有效锌、硼、钼含量均属中低级水平。据此提出了相应的培肥措施.     

Fusarium oxysporum对苗期大豆根部的致病性和侵染规律

Fusarium oxysporum对苗期大豆具有较强的致病作用。病原菌自伤口或直接侵入大豆幼苗根部的皮层组织,随着病原菌的侵入和扩展,细胞出现坏死,组织发生崩解,根部组织表现红褐色病斑。环境因素对病原菌的侵染时期和在大豆体内潜育时间的长短有着明显的影响。侵染时期主要受病原菌侵入前自身所处状态和寄主的影响,侵入后潜育时间的长短则受植株状态的影响。土壤环境条件直接影响着病原菌的侵入和寄主的抗病性,间接影响着病原菌在大豆植株体内的扩展和病症的表现。