稻谷散装粮堆储粮害虫两种检测方法效果的比较

应用粮虫陷阱检测器和常规风力扦样器对高大平房仓中的仓虫进行监测,结果袁明,粮虫陷阱检测器比风力扦样器应用简便、省工省力,且能捕到更多种类和数量的害虫.经二者测虫比较,探讨了用粮虫陷阱检测器监测虫情的等级标准.     

3种性诱捕器诱捕苹果蠹蛾效果比较及成虫的时序动态变化

通过对3种苹果蠹蛾性诱捕器诱捕效果的比较,发现板式性诱捕器的诱捕效果最好,盆式与瓶式之间无差异;对苹果蠹蛾成虫综合防治果园和未防治果园中的时序变化以及防治措施对成虫动态变化的研究发现,在综合防治果园中苹果蠹蛾成虫的数量明显降低,第1代和第2代成虫每单位诱捕器3 d内诱捕虫头数在2头以下,盛发期前后的2次化学防治为越冬代成虫防治的关健时期.     

The ethics of rodent control

Because western societies generally see animals as objects of moral concern, demands have been made on the way they are treated, e.g. during animal experimentation. In the case of rodent pests, however, inhumane control methods are often applied. This inconsistency in the human-animal relationship requires clarification. This paper analyses the criteria that must be met when judging the use of animals during experiments, and investigates whether these can be applied in rodent control. This is important, because, until now, animal welfare has been less of an issue in pest control: effectiveness, hygiene and cost efficiency have been leading principles. Two options are available to solve the inconsistency: the first is to abandon the criteria used in animal experimentation; the second is to apply these criteria to both animal experimentation and rodent control. This latter option implies that rodent control methods should not lead to intense pain or discomfort, and any discomfort should have a short duration and should allow escaped rodents to lead a natural life. Adherence to this option will, however, require a shift in the design of rodent control methods: effectiveness will no longer be the leading principle. It will have to share its position with animal welfare and humaneness.     

桃小食心虫性信息素田间应用技术参数探讨

以晋中地区枣园为例,探索桃小食心虫(Carposina sasakii Matsumura)常规性诱芯和诱捕器田间应用基本参数。结果表明:市场主要的四个厂家的诱芯对桃小食心虫均可有效动态监测;若大量诱捕,D厂家的诱芯诱捕量最大。采用水盆诱捕器时,水盆直径为35～40cm、诱捕间距为20～25m、高度为2.0～2.5m时,诱捕量显著多于其他处理;水盆颜色对桃小食心虫成虫的诱捕量差异不显著。综合考虑经济成本及使用方法便利,建议:水盆直径20～30cm,间距20～25m,监测高度1.5m,大量诱捕尽量高些。     

新型性诱粘虫板对保护地番茄蚜虫的防控效果

根据蚜虫的行为反应,运用蚜虫性信息素(+)-(4aS,7S,7aR)-荆芥内酯和(-)-(1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-荆芥醇两种物质引诱有翅成蚜,分析研究保护地蚜虫的消长规律和对天敌的影响.试验结果表明,荆芥内酯和荆芥醇体积比为1:2时诱蚜效果最佳,较普通黄板多诱杀47.86%,且优于质量分数10%的吡虫啉对蚜虫的防治效果,可达99.06%.同时分析发现性信息索粘虫板不仅不杀伤天敌,且处理区蚜虫天敌21 d后还增长了27.6%,表明性信息素粘虫板不仅能提高和完善普通牯虫板对蚜虫的防治效果,还能有效地保护天敌,具有很大的研究和开发前景.     

Efficacy of carbofuran and phorate at different intervals of application for control of rice tungro

Abstract

The relationship between the catch of male Spodoptera litura (F.) moths in sex pheromone‐baited traps and the number of egg‐masses in groundnut crop at the International Crops Research Institute for Semi‐Arid Tropics Centre Patancheru, India was examined during the post‐rainy season of 1983. Significant positive correlations were found between the number of egg‐masses and the total number of male moths caught during the 7 days preceding the egg‐mass count. 75% of the variance in the egg‐mass counts and pheromone trap catches could be accounted for by the regression.     

Efficacy of Ceranock Attract and Kill System as a Control Method of Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata in Apricot Orchards in Central Iraq

A field experiment was conducted using Ceranock bait station, ＂attract and kill＂ system to combat Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, in apricot orchards, Central of lraq during the 2013 field season. Control program was implemented in three orchards of mixed apricot varieties. Ceranock traps were hung in each tree of two separate orchards. Delta and McPhail traps were used to monitor Medfly population density in each treated and control orchards. Results indicated that Medfly activity in apricot orchards started during the last week of April coincided with the beginning of maturity for fruits of early varieties. The total of trapped insects in monitoring traps after one week of Ceranock application were 0, 1 and 31 adults for the 1st, 2nd and the control orchards, respectively. Three weeks later and on, the number of trapped adults started to increase dramatically. At the end of apricot season and after 45 days of Ceranock trap application, the number of trapped insects in monitoring traps reached 110, 111 and 2,349 adults/week, respectively, for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd orchard. The use of Ceranock traps reduced Medfly population density by 86%-97%. The percentage of fruit injuries in early maturing varieties were 0.75%, 1% and 34% for the 1st, 2nd and control orchards, respectively. While, late varieties were 2% and 3% for 1st and 2nd orchards, and 69% for the control. The percentage of reduction in fruit damages reached to 95% and 97%, respectively in the 1st and 2nd orchard. The results of this study demonstrate clearly the efficacy of Ceranock bait station, ＂attract and kill＂ system as a control measure for Medfly in apricot orchards.     

The relation between aphid flights and the spread of potato virus YN (PVYN) in the Netherlands

Summary In the Netherlands early haulm destruction is the main method of preventing excessive spread of virus diseases in seed potato crops. When potato leaf roll virus was the principal problem, the time of haulm destruction was determined by the flight ofMyzus persicae (Sulzer), studied with the aid of Moericke yellow water traps. As potato virus Y^N became a problem and other aphid species interfered, the interpretation of aphid flights became difficult. An attempt is made to quantify total aphid flight activity in terms of risk to the crop. By attributing relative efficiency factors to 9 vector species and considering their flights as recorded with suction traps, values of vector-pressure are obtained that correlate well with weekly infection of bait plants. If accumulated vector pressures are compared with the flights ofM. persicae as recorded with Moericke traps during 1970–1979, it appears that during 6 of these years the critical periods of both systems coincide. However, in 1974 and 1976 much potential vector threat occurred before the start of the flight ofM. persicae. Suggestions are made as to how to apply the method in practice. A semi-popular account of this paper has appeared in Dutch inGewasbescherming 12 (1981) 57–71.