木豆花实期钻蛀性害虫的为害及防治

针对贵州省木豆花实期钻蛀性害虫的为害情况，着重调查分析了木豆钻蛀性害虫的种类、为害特征和为害程度。结果表明：木豆花实期的钻蛀性害虫包括豆荚野螟、棉铃虫、钝黑潜蝇和豆黑潜蝇。本调查中，平均株受害率达59％，其中最高88％，最低40％；平均荚受害率达44．5％，其中最高68％，最低35．8％。宿根木豆钻蛀性害虫发生为害较重，新植木豆受害相对较轻；坡地或缓坡木豆受害相对较轻，平地或台地相对较重。本文还分析了木豆钻蛀性害虫严重发生的原因，并提出了防治措施。     

大学图书馆中文过刊的调研与开发利用——以北京林业大学图书馆为例

在对北京林业大学图书馆中文过刊整理、调研的基础上,总结了该馆过刊的馆藏特点,提出了开发利用中文过刊的新思路,即：与大型数据库公司联合,用本馆的过刊弥补大型数据库资源不足,从而实现社会资源共享。     

Effects of wind turbines and other physical elements on field utilization by pink-footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus): A landscape perspective

The effects of wind turbines and other physical landscape elements on field utilization by wintering pink-footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus) were studied in a Danish farmland landscape. Within the study area geese were feeding on pastures, which together with cereals were the main crop types. Apart from wind turbines a variety of potentially disturbing landscape elements was present, e.g., high-power lines, windbreaks, roads and settlements. Patterns of field use were assessed by measuring goose dropping densities along transects perpendicular to wind farms (with turbines in clusters and in lines) and other landscape elements. Local effects were expressed in terms of `avoidance distance', i.e., the distance from a given landscape element to the point at which 50% of maximal dropping density was reached. The spatial distribution of landscape elements within an eight km radius from the goose roost was determined from aerial photographs. The area occupied by various elements, together with the adjacent zones which were not available to geese due to their associated avoidance distances, were quantified using Geographic Information System (GIS).The avoidance distance of wind farms with turbines in lines and in clusters were ca 100 m and ca 200 m, respectively. Geese did not enter the area between turbines within the cluster. At the landscape level, the combined effect of physical elements other than wind turbines caused an effective loss of 68% of the total field area (40 km²). Wind turbines caused an additional loss of 4% of the field area. However, of the remaining area available to geese (13 km²), wind turbines caused a loss of 13% of the total area. The habitat loss per turbine was higher for the wind farm with turbines arranged in a large cluster than for wind farms with turbines in small clusters or lines. This difference was mainly due to the fact that wind farms in small clusters or with a linear layout were generally placed close to roads or other elements with existing associated avoidance zones, whereas the large cluster was placed in the open farmland area. The avoidance zones associated with physical elements in the landscape do not take into account possible synergistic effects and, hence, actual field areas affected are likely to be minimum estimates. Implications of these findings for planning of wind farms in areas of conservation interest to geese are discussed.     

桂糖00/122和粤糖91/976等几个新亲本及其组合的应用研究

[目的]为改善甘蔗品种的产量和品质提供理论依据。[方法]以桂糖92/66×ROC22（X1）、ROC22×桂糖92/66（X2）、桂糖00/122×K86/110（X3）、粤糖91/976×CP94/1100（X4）、粤糖91/976×桂糖00/122（X5）、粤糖91/976×HOCP95/988（X6）、川糖89/103×CP93/163（X7）、粤83/257×CP57/614＋崖84/153（X8）8个组合为材料,研究其F1代主要农艺性状的表现。[结果]X7的F1代高糖高产,为较优良的组合;X5的F1代产量性状较好,但糖分含量较低,这2个组合亲本优良性状的遗传效应较大,综合性状较好,可根据育种目标重点配置使用;X1、X2、X3、X4组合亲本优良性状的遗传效应较小,综合性状一般,可适当配置;X6、X8组合亲本优良性状的遗传效应较小,综合性状较差,不宜使用。[结论]该研究明确了几个甘蔗亲本在新品种选育中的应用价值。     

播种期对温州春榨菜生物学特性及产量的影响

以2010年10月13日、20日、27日、11月3日4个不同播种期为处理,对春榨菜农业生特学特性及产量进行了测定。结果表明:10月20日播种期瘤状茎性状与产量表现良好,瘤状扁圆球形,产量为2 155.08kg/667m2,符合春榨菜生产与加工标准。     

云南省荞麦叶枯病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

为明确云南省荞麦叶枯病病原菌种类,采用常规组织分离法获得病原菌菌株LW2015.3,通过形态学特征及分子生物学技术对菌株LW2015.3进行鉴定,并研究其生物学特性。结果表明,荞麦叶枯病病原菌的分生孢子呈倒棍棒状或倒梨状,褐色,具3～8个横隔膜,0～4个纵斜隔膜,大小为16.5～45.0μm×5.0～13.5μm,厚垣孢子呈球形,直径为6.0～12.0μm;该菌株ITS序列系统发育进化分析结果表明,菌株LW2015.3与链格孢Alternaria alternata(登录号:MG195995.1)的同源性为100%,结合形态学特征与分子鉴定结果确定云南省荞麦叶枯病病原菌为链格孢A. alternata(登录号:KT362732.1)。该病原菌菌丝生长适宜温度为20～30℃,25℃为最适温度;当p H为6～9时菌丝生长速率加快,pH 7最适菌丝生长;PDA培养基和PSA培养基最适菌丝生长;该病原菌对以麦芽糖为碳源和以硝酸钠为氮源时的利用率最高;菌丝的致死温度为50℃,10 min;不同光照条件对菌丝生长的影响有显著差异,连续光照最有利于菌丝生长。     

贵州省白及叶褐斑病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

为明确贵州省白及叶褐斑病病原菌及其生物学特性,采用组织分离法和离体接种法分别对其病原菌进行分离和致病性测定,利用形态学及ITS、EF-1α、β-tubulin基因序列分析对病原菌的分类进行鉴定,并对病原菌的生物学特性进行研究。结果表明:分离得到的白及叶褐斑病病原菌菌株编号为HGUP_(17)355;该菌菌丝白色、羊绒状,菌落中心隆起呈淡黄色、背面枫叶红色,大型分生孢子窄镰刀形,3～8个分隔,未见厚垣孢子,小型分生孢子卵圆形,1～2个分隔;在以ITS、EF-1α、β-tubulin三个基因序列构建的系统发育树中,菌株HGUP_(17)355与燕麦镰刀菌Fusarium avenaceum聚于一支,且支持率达100%,结合形态特征与分子生物学将其鉴定为燕麦镰刀菌。该菌菌丝最适生长温度为20℃,最适生长pH为6,在燕麦片琼脂培养基上生长最快,以麦芽糖为碳源、以L-苯丙氨酸为氮源时利用率最高,致死温度为45℃,对光照不敏感。     

施肥和控鼠对黄河源区斑块化退化高寒草甸植被特征及植物化学计量的影响

为探讨施肥和控鼠对黄河源区斑块化退化高寒草甸植被和植物化学计量特征的影响，以青藏高原东缘高寒草甸为研究对象，通过比较施肥、施肥+控鼠处理下退化草地的植物生物量、群落结构、多样性和植物化学元素等指标，分析不同恢复措施对退化草地植物群落的影响。结果表明：施肥和施肥+控鼠处理均提高黄河源区斑块化退化高寒草甸中禾本科植物的重要值。施肥+控鼠处理显著提高植物Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Margalef指数。施肥处理显著增加植物氮和磷含量，显著降低植物地上部分C∶N、 C∶P和N∶P，及其地下部分C∶N。施肥+控鼠处理与CK相比植物地下部分C∶P、N∶P均显著下降。研究表明施肥+控鼠处理更有利于黄河源区斑块化退化高寒草甸草地恢复。     

调亏灌溉下酿酒葡萄耗水特性及水分生产函数研究

为了确定酿酒葡萄的水分生产函数,以酿酒葡萄"梅鹿辄"为供试品种,采用滴灌的方式,以不同生育期土壤水分水平为试验因素,对酿酒葡萄不同生育期进行亏水处理,测定不同生育期土壤含水率、耗水量、产量及水分利用效率,研究了不同生育期、不同土壤水分状况对酿酒葡萄耗水量和产量的影响。结果表明,土壤水分对酿酒葡萄产量的影响规律为浆果膨大期最大,其次是开花期、着色成熟期、抽蔓期,萌芽期最小;通过对Jensen模型与Blank模型进行计算比较,发现在该试验中Jensen模型更为合理,且得出不同生育期水分生产函数的敏感指数为:浆果膨大期开花期着色成熟期抽蔓期萌芽期,与酿酒葡萄耗水规律一致;在萌芽期、抽蔓期及着色成熟期的土壤水分保持在田间持水率的60%~65%左右不会造成酿酒葡萄减产,而在浆果膨大期进行充分供水,既可获得高产,也使水分利用效率达到较高水平。