1株低温地丝霉菌的鉴定及其分解角蛋白与纤维素特性

为筛选分解角蛋白与纤维素的低温菌株,从西藏当雄牧草地分离1株低温菌株,对其进行鉴定及部分生物学功能研究.形态学鉴定参照Oorschot的分类标准和系统进行,分子鉴定基于ITS1-5.8 SrDNA-ITS2序列进行分析.结果表明:确定该菌株为毡状地丝霉毡状变种(Geomyces pannorum var.pannorum(Link) Sigler & J.W.Carmich).其最低、最适、最高生长温度分别为5℃、15℃和30℃,在35℃时不能生长,可分解角蛋白和纤维素,有潜在应用价值.     

Loss of pathogenicity in the blue-stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica

The pathogenicity and growth of six cultures of the bark-beetle-associated blue-stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica were compared. Four were subcultures, established at different times, of the same isolate (80–53/7), and at least one of these was suspected to have lost its pathogenicity to Norway spruce ( Picea abies ) during subculturing. Two other cultures (93–208/115 and 94–169/13) were pathogenic. The pathogenicity of all cultures to Norway spruce was compared in three inoculation experiments, using (i) massive inoculation (≈144 inoculations per tree), (ii) low-density inoculation (14 inoculations per tree) of larger trees and (iii) single inoculation of 2-year-old seedlings. Fungal growth rates were tested in vitro on malt agar, and on malt agar under oxygen-deficient conditions. Isolates 93–208/115 and 94–169/13 and one of the subcultures of isolate 80–53/7 were pathogenic in all three inoculation experiments. Two other subcultures were nonpathogenic, while the last subculture was intermediate. The pathogenic cultures had higher growth rates on malt agar than the nonpathogenic and intermediate cultures, and they also grew better under oxygen-deficient conditions. These results demonstrate that blue-stain fungi may lose their pathogenicity after serial vegetative transfers on artificial substrates. The results are also consistent with the hypothesis that rapid growth and the ability to grow in oxygen-poor environments are important pathogenicity factors in blue-stain fungi.     

Bacterial and fungal pathogens isolated from corneal ulcerations in domesticated elephants (Elephas maximus maximus) in Sri Lanka

Infective corneal diseases are common among the domesticated elephants in Sri Lanka, causing morbidity including blindness leading to loss of revenue to their owners. From 140 elephants of different ages and both sexes, 36 animals (25.7%) had evidence of keratitis, corneal ulcers, corneal opacities, and some had foreign bodies in their eyes. Nine elephants (6.4%) had lesions in both eyes (6.41%). Cultures for both bacteria and fungi were obtained from 26 corneal ulcers, including the nine elephants with bilateral lesions. The other 10 animals could not be restrained for sample collection. Swabs from the normal corneas of an additional 20 elephants without signs of any ophthalmic diseases were also collected. Twenty-three of the 35 (65.71%) samples from affected corneas yielded bacterial pathogens, and 14 (40%) also had fungal isolates. None of them yielded a fungal isolate alone. The predominant bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus , beta hemolytic streptococci and coliforms. Fusarium , Cladosporium , Curvularia and Aspergillus species were the primary fungal isolates. No bacteria or filamentous fungi were isolated from the eyes with the normal corneas. Microbial identification including fungal isolations is suggested in the management of infective corneal diseases in elephants.     

基因芯片及其在病原微生物检测中的应用

基因芯片是近年来迅速发展的一门生物高新技术,它以其能够快速、高效、大规模地同步检测生物遗传信息的卓越功能而得到发展。在基因测序、基因表达分析、药物筛选、基因诊断等领域显示出重要的理论和实用价值。作者就基因芯片技术的原理、技术要点以及在病原微生物检测中的应用作一综述。     

应用基因芯片检测动物性食品中主要致病菌

依据16SrDNA、23SrDNA上的恒定区和可变区设计7种致病菌的通用引物和特异性寡核苷酸探针，并对探针5’端进行氨基化修饰进行基因芯片共价结合，然后优化杂交反应液、芯片点样及后处理程序，研制出一种可同时检测动物性食品中7种主要致病菌的基因芯片。结果表明，7种致病菌的基因芯片杂交检测灵敏度可达10^2cfu／g，与经典传统检测方法及分子生物学、免疫学方法相比该方法特异性强，准确率高，可同时检测动物性食品中7种致病菌。     

翠雀内生真菌分离鉴定及分布特性研究

旨在探明有毒植物翠雀的内生真菌种类,作者采用表面消毒法分离,运用形态学鉴定,采用ITS序列构建系统进化树,确定了其内生真菌的种类。结果显示,从翠雀植物中分离得到22种内生真菌,将其根据亲缘关系进行系统进化分析,主要分为Ⅰ和Ⅱ两大种群,分属于6纲、6目、6科、7属,其中,链格孢属真菌（Alternaria sp.）为优势菌（占分离菌株数的31.82%,主要分布于花和叶中）,内生真菌在花中分布最普遍（占分离菌株数的40.91%）,其次,为叶（31.82%）、根（22.73%）和茎（4.55%）。结果表明,翠雀内生真菌在不同组织中的分布普遍性不同。     

百色市高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒抗体检测结果分析

为评估百色市猪群高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（HP-PRRS）免疫效果,2012年—2013年在66个规模养猪场和249个农村散养户分别采集猪血清样品465份和644份,使用间接 ELISA 检测 HP-PRRSV 抗体,结果显示,现2012年 HP-PRRSV 抗体平均阳性率为68．02％,2013年 HP-PRRSV 抗体平均阳性率为75．32％;HP-PRRSV 一免抗体平均阳性率为63．91％,二免抗体平均阳性率为83．60％;HP-PRRS 灭活苗免疫抗体平均阳性率为75．42％,HP-PRRS 弱毒苗免疫抗体平均阳性率为70．86％。说明2013年 HP-PRRSV 抗体平均阳性率高于2012年,二免的抗体平均阳性率高于一免;HP-PRRS 灭活疫苗的初步使用效果良好。     

奶牛乳房炎病原分离鉴定与分析

本试验对吉林地区两家大型乳业集团奶牛乳房炎病牛乳样进行分离鉴定,8份乳样共分离到62株菌,其中含51株4种主要病原菌。4种病原菌不同临床型的比例是：金黄色葡萄球菌占36.36%、大肠杆菌占9.09%、无乳链球菌占27.27%、乳房链球菌占9.09%;隐性型中金黄葡萄球菌占38.89%、大肠杆菌占27.28%、无乳链球菌占11.11%、乳房链球菌占11.11%。     

挥发性物质对植物致病菌的熏蒸作用研究进展

挥发性物质分子量小,化合物种类复杂,具有的熏蒸抑菌作用是其特殊的生物学功能之一,受到世界各国学者的关注。本文对挥发性物质的种类、抑菌活性及检测鉴定方法进行了概述,着重评述了植物（精油）和微生物产生的挥发性物质的抑菌作用及其研究进展,从挥发性物质中筛选出具有抑菌作用的单体化合物是新的研究方向。     

一种快速简便的植物病原真菌基因组DNA提取方法

 尿素提取法是最新报道的一种植物拟南芥基因组DNA的提取方法,但是还没有应用于植物病原真菌DNA的提取。本研究采用改进的4种不同的方法(尿素提取法、CTAB提取法、氯化苄提取法以及SDS-CTAB提取法),分别对5种分类地位不同的植物病原真菌(草莓疫霉病菌、西瓜蔓枯病菌、草莓炭疽病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌和水稻纹枯病菌)的基因组DNA进行提取和比较。结果表明,尿素提取法和SDS-CTAB法均能提取到所有5种真菌的基因组DNA,而尿素提取法提取DNA的效率更高、质量更好,操作步骤更为快速简单。