除草剂对燕麦田杂草的防效及其对燕麦产量的影响

通过田间试验研究了13种除草剂对燕麦田杂草控制及产量的影响.结果表明:10种苗期茎叶处理除草剂中,皮燕麦和裸燕麦田用药后30d,株防效和鲜重防效均以40%二甲.辛酰溴最高,分别为97.5%、99.0%和90.5%、98.0%;3种土壤处理除草剂以仲丁灵效果最佳;麦草畏对燕麦有轻微药害.除草剂对燕麦产量有显著影响,不同除草剂效应不同,皮燕麦、裸燕麦对除草剂的反应也不尽相同;裸燕麦在相同除草剂处理下产量增幅小于皮燕麦;除草剂的防效是影响燕麦产量的最主要因素,其次为小穗数、穗粒数、株高、穗长、千粒质量.     

品种基因型和2,4-D浓度对青稞成熟胚出愈率的影响

 成熟胚培养是转基因的关键技术之一,研究品种基因型和2,4 D浓度对成熟胚培养的影响,有利于提高青稞转基因的效率。本文采用加入20g/L麦芽糖的MS培养基［m（麦芽糖）：m（蔗糖）=1∶2］和完全随机设计,分析了5种2,4-D浓度对5个青稞品种成熟胚出愈率的影响,比较了14个青稞品种的成熟胚出愈率。结果表明,2,4-D浓度和品种基因型均极显著地影响青稞成熟胚出愈率,两者之间具有显著的互作效应;青稞成熟胚出愈率随2,4-D浓度的增加而增加,并在4mg/L处理中出愈率达到最高,随后出愈率随2,4-D浓度的增加而降低;对照（0mg/L）的出愈率极显著地低于其他处理的出愈率,但其他4个2,4-D浓度处理的出愈率之间没有显著差异;14个青稞品种的成熟胚出愈率之间具有极显著差异,其中ZJ45等7个品种的出愈率达到了（90.00 ±7.07）%,显著高于D-5等6个品种的成熟胚出愈率。ZJ-45等7个品种可用于成熟胚培养;用PEG和双蒸水先后浸种3h和19h,将成熟胚置于加入20g/L麦芽糖和4mg/L 2,4-D的MS培养基［m（麦芽糖）：m（蔗糖）=1∶2］上培养是ZJ-45等7个青稞品种成熟胚培养的适宜方法。     

免秋耕晚播早熟莜麦品种冀张莜14号的选育

介绍了冀张莜14号的选育经过,该品种是从国外引进的42个燕麦品种中,经观察鉴定、品种比较、区域适应性试验、多年多点生产鉴定及大面积示范应用筛选出的早熟、抗旱、耐瘠性较强、适宜免秋耕晚播种植技术的莜麦品种。该品种千粒重24.6 g,生育期82 d,属早熟品种,株高94.5 cm,粗蛋白含量14.5%,粗脂肪含量7.49%,一般旱地种植籽实产量为2 869.6 kg/hm2,比同类主栽品种坝莜一号增产6.46%。     

施肥对青引1号燕麦产量及构成性状的影响

为探究施肥对燕麦鲜草、秸秆和种子产量的影响,找出限制燕麦鲜草、秸秆和种子产量提高的养分因子,筛选出实现经济效益最大的施肥配方,本研究以青引1号燕麦(Avana sativa cv.Qingyin No.1)为对象,于2010年在青海省湟中县分析不同的氮、磷和钾配方施肥对燕麦产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,氮素为限制燕麦鲜草产量提高的主要养分因子,施氮能显著提高燕麦株高和鲜草产量,N337.5P105K60处理鲜草产量最大,为66 194 kg·hm-2,比对照增产44.9%。磷素为限制燕麦种子产量提高的主要养分因子,施磷能增加燕麦有效分蘖数、小穗数,N225P157.5K60处理下燕麦籽粒产量最大,为6 678 kg·hm-2。经过经济效益分析,N225P105K60施肥处理获得的综合收益最大,饲草田达到18 435.3元·hm-2,种子田达到22 877.5元·hm-2,分别比对照增收4 500.9和4 597.5元·hm-2。     

燕麦秸—稻草混合青贮的研究

为解决南方冬—春季牧草缺乏及能够合理利用南方稻草资源,对燕麦秸—稻草混合青贮样品设置了4个处理.结果表明,1号处理pH、氨态氮占总氮含量显著高于其他3组青贮饲料（P＜0.05）,4号处理的pH和氨态氮占总氮含量显著低于其他3组青贮饲料（P＜0.05）,4号处理粗蛋白含量最高,且4个处理间粗蛋白含量存显著性差异（P＜0.05）;4个处理组均未检测出丁酸.综合试验结果,单贮燕麦秸可以得到优良的青贮饲料,且鲜燕麦添加比例为70％的燕麦—稻草混贮效果与其相近.     

鸭疱疹病毒1型的gB蛋白截短表达及其ELISA检测

参照已发表的鸭肠炎病毒（Duck enteritis virus,DEV）基因组序列,利用生物学软件DNAstar进行序列分析,设计并合成一对特异性引物,PCR扩增了长855 bp的gB基因片段.将目的片段克隆至pMD18-T载体,经PCR、酶切及测序鉴定后,定向克隆至pET30a表达载体中,经PCR、酶切鉴定正确后,重组质粒转化BL21表达茵,经IPTG诱导后获得了以包涵体形式表达的重组蛋白.重组蛋白在变性的条件下采用Ni柱亲和层析法纯化,变性蛋白复性后,Western blot检测表明重组蛋白具有良好的反应活性,以该蛋白作为诊断抗原,初步建立了检测鸭肠炎病毒抗体的间接ELISA诊断方法,为鸭肠炎病毒抗体诊断试剂盒的研制奠定了基础.     

Interactive Effects of CO2 and O3 on the Growth of Trisetum flavescens and Trifolium pratense Grown in Monoculture or a Bi-Species Mixture

SUMMARY

Golden oat grass (Trisetum flavescens L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were grown as monocultures or bi-species mixtures under controlled conditions and exposed to ambient (350 ppm) or elevated (580 ppm) CO₂, with or without addition of O₃ (diel profile with 150 ppb maximum). Shoot biomass measurements after the initial growth and two re-growth periods were used to determine the specific responses of both species, and the difference in the specific response between monocultures and mixtures. T. pratense was much more responsive to CO₂, O₃, and their combination, compared to T. flavescens. In the case of O₃ but not of CO₂, the difference in sensitivity between species was larger in mixture than in monoculture. In contrast to elevated CO₂, O₃ significantly reduced the root:shoot ratio in the mixture, which could explain the increasing negative effect of O₃ on clover with progressing harvests.

The relative CO₂ stimulation of T. pratense and of the cumulative mixture shoot biomass was larger in the presence than in the absence of O₃, which was due to an almost complete protection from O₃ stress by elevated CO₂. In the mixture, the fraction of T. flavescens was small and increased during the experiment; this increase was most pronounced with O3, but any change in mixture biomass was dominated by the response of T. repens.

The results confirm that in grass/legume mixtures legumes are most sensitive to elevated CO₂ and O₃, but the magnitude of specific responses depends on canopy structure and of plant development. Elevated CO₂ minimizes the negative impacts of O₃ stress on above- and below-ground plant growth.     

Regrowth Rates of Timothy and Meadow Fescue as Related to the Content of Remaining Water-soluble Carbohydrates and Non-elongated Tillers

The relationship between regrowth rates and the content of water-soluble carbohydrates in stubble (WSC) and percentage of non-elongated tillers (PNT) was studied in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) cut at different phenological stages. Single plants were grown in pots and cut outdoors and then regrown under controlled climatic conditions. The data for the dry matter production during the following 3 weeks were fitted to an expolinear growth equation to determine an initial maximum relative regrowth rate (R _m) and a daily maximum regrowth rate (C _m). C _m appeared to be positively correlated to PNT in both species, whereas R _m was increased with increasing WSC. For regrowth after later cuts of meadow fescue there was a positive contribution to R _m by PNT.     

青藏高原青稞育成品种的亲缘系数分析

【目的】分析青藏高原青稞育成品种的遗传多样性,评估其遗传基础,探索拓宽其遗传基础的对策,推动青稞新品种选育工作。【方法】以1950s后,影响力高、推广面积大的105个藏区青稞育成品种和3个引进品种为研究对象,采用亲缘系数分析法分析参试品种的遗传基础,进而以亲缘系数为基础,采用兰氏距离、类平均法对参试品种进行聚类分析;采用累积直系亲缘系数,筛选藏区主要骨干亲本。【结果】18.01%的品种组合间存在亲缘关系,各组合亲缘系数的变异范围为0.000—0.750,组合平均亲缘系数为0.053,显著高于中国大麦主栽品种以及北美大麦品种。根据参试品种的育成时间,以十年为期,将参试品种划分为7个时期,1970s和1980s 2个时期,参试育成品种的组合平均亲缘系数较高,分别达到0.115和0.107;1990s和最近十年,参试育成品种的组合平均亲缘系数较低,分别为0.040和0.032。西藏自治区、青海省、四川省、甘肃省的参试育成品种数分别为48、27、17和12个;甘肃省的参试育成品种组合平均亲缘系数最高,达到0.220,西藏自治区、青海省、四川省的参试育成品种组合平均亲缘系数较为接近,分别为0.094、0.122和0.138。聚类分析的结果显示,参试品种聚为7类,Ⅱ、Ⅲ类群共包含25个参试品种,各类群的组合平均亲缘系数较低;其他5个类群共包含83个参试品种,各类群的组合平均亲缘系数较高。40个参试品种的累积直系亲缘系数大于0,其中9个育成品种是藏区青稞的重要骨干亲本,其衍生了67个参试品种。9个骨干亲本及其67个衍生种占参试育成品种总量的72.38%。1960s,骨干亲本及其衍生种的数量占该时期参试品种总量的41.76%,之后的4个时期,骨干亲本及其衍生种的数量占各时期参试育成品种总量的比例分别达到80.00%、80.77%、76.47%和72.22%;最近十年,该指标虽有所下降,但仍然高达68.75%。对于西藏自治区、青海省、四川省和甘肃省,骨干亲本及其衍生品种数占各地区参试育成品种总量的比例分别达到79.17%、62.96%、70.59%和75.00%。参试育成品种所使用的亲本合计118个,其中本地亲本97个,占比82.20%,外引亲本15个,占比12.71%;剩余6个亲本的来源信息缺失。【结论】藏区青稞的9个骨干亲本及其67个衍生品种构成了育成品种的主体,外引大麦种质利用率低,从而导致青藏高原青稞育成品种的遗传多样性较低,遗传基础相对狭窄、脆弱。     

不同基因型燕麦内源激素与灌浆期生理特性之间的关系

为探究内源激素含量对燕麦灌浆过程的影响,分别于2020和2021年,以9个不同基因型的燕麦品种为试验材料,设置大田试验,测定灌浆粒重、灌浆期光合特性、旗叶碳代谢酶(蔗糖磷酸合成酶SPS、蔗糖合酶SS)活性、生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA₃)、玉米素核苷(ZR)、脱落酸(ABA)含量及成熟期粒重,通过方差分析和聚类分析,探究不同基因型燕麦灌浆期生理特性、内源激素差异。结果表明：不同品种间,内源激素含量及其他生理特性差异均达显著水平(P<0.05),按照灌浆粒重,将供试的9个品种分为灌浆较强和较弱两类,其中灌浆较强品种到达灌浆盛期的时间较早,灌浆启动时间也早于其他品种;灌浆粒重拟合程度较好,灌浆过程中的净光合速率、碳代谢酶活性较高,粒重优于其他品种;灌浆较强品种单穗粒重较灌浆较弱品种高11.8%～176.5%;灌浆较强品种旗叶IAA、GA₃、ZR含量较灌浆较弱品种高12.6%～118.2%、7.2%～98.0%、21.4%～72.2%,(GA₃+ZR+IAA)/ABA较灌浆较弱品种高39.3%～311.9%。在各内源激...