滨海沙地和山地红壤湿地松人工林材质的比较

通过对滨海沙地和山地红壤湿地松人工林木材物理力学性质和管胞形态的测定和比较分析 ,结果表明 :滨海沙地湿地松人工林木材除硬度大于山地红壤湿地松人工林外 ,其余物理力学性质指标均稍小于山地红壤湿地松人工林 ;滨海沙地湿地松人工林木材管胞长度和宽度在同一年轮内均小于山地红壤湿地松人工林 ,长宽比大于山地红壤湿地松人工林 ,且滨海沙地湿地松人工林工艺成熟期比山地红壤湿地松人工林早两年左右。经差异显著性t检验表明 :滨海沙地和山地红壤湿地松人工林木材物理力学性质指标中顺纹抗压强度、抗弯弹性模量和冲击韧性差异极显著 ,抗弯强度差异显著 ,其余物理力学性质指标差异不显著。研究结果为湿地松人工林培育和木材合理利用提供科学依据。     

Plant species identification using Elliptic Fourier leaf shape analysis

Elliptic Fourier (EF) and discriminant analyses were used to identify young soybean (Glycine max (L.) merrill), sunflower (Helianthus pumilus), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medicus) plants, based on leaf shape. Chain encoded, Elliptic Fourier harmonic functions were generated based on leaf boundary. A complexity index of the leaf shape was computed using the variation between consecutive EF functions. Principle component analysis was used to select the Fourier coefficients with the best discriminatory power. Canonical discriminant analysis was used to develop species identification models based on leaf shapes extracted from plant color images during the second and third weeks after germination. The classification results showed that plant species during the third week were successfully identified with an average of correct classification rate of 89.4%. The discriminant model correctly classified on average: 77.9% of redroot pigweed, 93.8% of sunflower, 89.4% of velvetleaf and 96.5% of soybean. Using all of the leaves extracted from the second and the third weeks, the overall classification accuracy was 89.2%. The discriminant model correctly classified 76.4% of redroot pigweed, 93.6% of sunflower, 81.6% of velvetleaf, 91.5% of soybean leaf extracted from trifoliolate and 90.9% of soybean unifoliolate leaves. The Elliptic Fourier shape feature analysis could be an important and accurate tool for weed species identification and mapping.     

剪跨比对异形柱受力性能影响初探

剪跨比是决定异形截面柱截面特性的主要因素。当剪跨比较大时，截面正应变分布符合平截面假定，随着剪跨比的减小应变分布向曲面方向发展，异形柱的受力性能越来越接近短肢剪力墙。     

粗糙集神经网络在昆虫总科阶元分类学上的应用

为研究粗糙集和神经网络相结合方法的实践性,以及昆虫的数学形态特征在总科阶元上作为分类特征的可行性、可靠性和重要性。从总科角度对鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)和鞘翅目(Coleoptera)5个总科23种虫体图像中提取的昆虫面积、周长等11项数学形态特征进行粗糙集神经网络分析。结果表明:在总科阶元上,11项特征的可靠性大小为,面积、亮斑数>周长、横轴长、形状参数、圆形性、似圆度、偏心率>纵轴长、叶状性、球状性,与赵汗青等的统计分析结果中属性特征的重要性大多数一致;神经网络模式识别结果与传统分类结果完全一致。应用粗糙集理论进行昆虫数学形态特征分类结果准确;在昆虫总科阶元分类上粗糙集神经网络较统计学方法具有优势。     

红火蚁对园林植物及城市绿地危害的研究进展

红火蚁作为一种入侵我国且危害较大的害虫,近年来在我国多个省市均有发生,而且呈不断蔓延的趋势,其危害的地域及作物种类日益广阔,对于园林植物及城市绿地带来的危害也日益严重。文章主要介绍了红火蚁对园林植物及其城市绿地的生态环境、公共设施、人身安全等诸多方面的危害特点,红火蚁的识别特征以及对红火蚁的防控等。     

药用真菌桑黄的抗氧化研究进展

从自由基清除能力,还原能力,亚铁离子的螯合能力,DNA损伤的抑制,MDA、SOD含量等方面对桑黄(Phellinus sp.)抗氧化研究进行概述;并展望其发展趋势.     

贵州苏铁植株体内矿质养分含量特征分析

测定珍稀濒危植物贵州苏铁植株,构建不同组织和器官矿质营养元素的含量,分析矿质营养在体内分布特征及其相关特性,以及结合生长环境土壤特性分析贵州苏铁生长发育对营养需求以及土壤环境供给之间的关系,研究珍稀濒危植物贵州苏铁植株矿质营养含量及与土壤环境的相互作用,为贵州苏铁栽培和物种保护提供参考.结果表明:植株体内N、P元素含量变化较大,4a生植株体内比1 a生积累更多Fe、Mn、Zn、Ga、Mg元素,小孢子叶Zn含量最高,大孢子叶Mn含量最高,雄性叶元素含量高于雌性叶.表明贵州苏铁生长发育过程中生殖生长需要大量种类和数量的矿质营养物质,同时也证明了营养生长物质服务于生殖生长.在栽培生产中除了选择栽培基质与原生地大致相同满足植株的营养生长外,还更应注重在生殖时期对矿质营养的补给,满足植物生殖生长对矿质营养的需求.     

三峡水库消落带几种草本植物根系的垂直分布特征

[目的]明确三峡水库消落带典型草本植物根系分布特征,为三峡消落带的植被恢复提供依据。[方法]在三峡腹地石宝镇消落带选取牛鞭草(Hemarthria altissima)、扁穗牛鞭草(Hemarthria compressa)、双穗雀稗(Paspalum paspaeoides)三种人工恢复草本和自然恢复草本,利用WinRhizo Pro.2009c根系分析系统研究其根系的土壤剖面分布特征。[结果]4种草本类型的的根系主要分布在0—10cm土层,根长密度、根直径(除自然杂草外)、根表面积密度、根体积密度和根尖密度均随土壤深度的增加而呈指数函数减小;除根径外,在整个土层剖面中(0—25cm),3种人工草本的根系指标都要显著高于自然恢复杂草。[结论]4种草本根系发达,对消落带水淹胁迫的适应性强。     

太行山前平原高产区典型农业生态系统数量特征和持续发展对策

本文选取太行山前平原高产区具有一定代表性的聂家庄农业生态系统为典型研究对象，从分析系统能物流数量特征入手，对资源转化效率和资源持续支持力进行了深入探讨，在剖析系统结构功能存在的薄弱环节和问题的基础上，提出了系统持续发展的主要对策。     

Soils of a dune coastal salt marsh system in relation to groundwater level,micro-topography and vegetation under a semiarid Mediterranean climate in SE Spain

Twenty-one soil profiles were described, analysed and classified in a salt marsh dune system in SE Spain. Sites for sampling were selected according to micro-topographical positions and vegetation types. The pedons showed an A–C type profile. Most of the profiles at summit positions had a microbiotical crust in the upper centimetres, formed by fungal mycelia that contribute to agglutination of sand particles. In two soils, a buried Ab horizon could be identified. Soils at inter-dune depressions showed redoximorphic features with diffuse boundaries, therefore indicating the actual activity of the oxidation–reduction processes. The presence of remains of Posidonia oceanica buried in many of the profiles indicates both a progressive regression of the shoreline and the accretion of the dune system. Sand grains were the most abundant size fraction (generally higher than 65%). Salinity strongly increased at the depressions, with Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, Na⁺ and Mg²⁺ being the most abundant ions. The microtopographical position at the dune had more influence on the vegetation cover and the soil type than did the distance to the shoreline. Most of the profiles at summit sites were colonised by trees (Pinus halepensis and Juniperus phoenicea subsp. turbinata), shrubs (Pistacea lentiscus, Rhamnus lycioides), thyme-brushwoods (Crucianella maritima, Teucrium dunense) or grasses (Ammophila arenaria), and they were classified as Arenosols or Torripsammens. The slopes of the depressions were dominated by Schoenus nigricans, living on Gleysols or Halaquepts and Aquisalids, or Limonium cossonianum, living on Solonchaks or Aquisalids. Juncus maritimus occupied footslope or bottom positions of the depressions, growing on Solonchaks or Aquisalids and Gleysols or Halaquepts. The succulent halophytes Arthrocnemum macrostachyum and Sarcocornia fruticosa were typical species at bottom positions, living on Solonchaks and Fluvisols or Aquisalids. In two of the profiles at interdune depressions a petrocalcic horizon appeared.