芦笋种植对冷凉沙化区土壤改良的效果研究

为探索芦笋种植对冷凉沙化区土壤的改良效果,在山西省朔州市右玉县,以未种植芦笋裸沙地为对照（CK）,设置种植芦笋1、2、3和4年共4个处理,通过田间试验测定不同种植年限芦笋田土壤理化特性和芦笋生长发育情况。结果表明,与CK相比,随种植年限增加,土壤黏粒和粉砂粒含量递增,砂粒含量递减,土壤容重递减,土壤田间持水量递增;土壤pH和可溶性盐浓度（EC）递减;土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量逐年递增。种植芦笋3年的土壤粒级、土壤容重、田间持水量、pH、EC值、土壤肥力发生显著变化;连续种植芦笋4年的土壤黏粒含量较CK增加到29.8%,粉砂粒含量增加到12.6%,砂粒含量降低到57.6%,田间土壤持水量显著提高,土壤容重显著降低,土壤由砂质壤土向砂质黏土转变;土壤pH降低0.75,EC值降低0.08mS/cm;土壤有机质含量增加28.89%,全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别增加95.12%、94.92%和45.40%;芦笋产量达6 037.5kg/hm ²。综合分析,连续种植芦笋4年可改善沙化土壤的物理结构,提高土壤养分,降低盐碱程度。芦笋是冷凉沙化区土壤改良的先锋作物之一,可实现生态效益与经济效益并举。     

自然降水与太行山区玉米单产形成的关系——以武安市为例

为了研究太行山区降雨量对玉米单产的变化规律,指导玉米实际生产。本研究选择武安市降雨量和玉米单产为研究对象,采用散点图、建立线性方程、线性回归显著性分析等方法,通过统计、对比描述等方式,分析武安市降雨量对玉米单产的关系。结果表明,降雨与玉米的单产之间具有一定关系,且生育期降雨量对玉米单产具有显著性影响。(1)在490 mm降雨范围内,玉米的单产随着降雨量的增加而增加,大于490 mm降雨时,玉米的单产与降雨量负相关。(2)玉米的单产受7月和8月的降雨量影响显著,且降雨量约278 mm时,玉米的单产较大。     

冀北坝上地区荞麦品种的适宜播期分析

研究冀北坝上地区不同播期对荞麦品种农艺性状和产量的影响。选用甜荞品种日本大粒和苦荞品种冀苦荞1号2个荞麦品种,设5月11日（B1）、5月18日（B2）、5月25日（B3）、6月2日（B4）、6月9日（B5）5个播期,对2个品种进行连续3年（2013-2015年）播种试验。试验结果表明,播期对甜荞日本大粒和冀苦荞1号的农艺性状和产量都有一定影响,综合评价确定日本大粒和冀苦荞1号在冀北坝上地区的最适播期均为5月中下旬（5月11日-5月25日）。     

Soil organic carbon stock variability in the Northern Gangetic Plains of India: interaction between agro‐ecological characteristics and cropping systems

Soil organic carbon (SOC) content and its spatial distribution in the Northern Gangetic Plain (NGP) Zone of India were determined to establish the cause–effect relationship between agro‐ecological characteristics, prevailing crop management practices and SOC stock. Area Spread Index (ASI) approach was used to collect soil samples from the NGP areas supporting predominant cropping systems. Exponential ordinary kriging was found most suitable geo‐statistical model for developing SOC surface maps of the NGP. Predicted surface maps indicated that 43.7% area of NGP had 0.5–0.6% SOC, while the rest of the area was equally distributed with high (0.61–0.75%) and low (< 0.5%) SOC content levels. Averaged across cropping systems, maximum SOC content was recorded in Bhabar and Tarai Zone (BTZ), followed by Central Plain Zone (CPZ), Mid‐Western Plain Zone (MWPZ), Western Plain Zone (WPZ) and South‐Western Plain Zone (SWPZ) of the NGP. The SOC stock was above the optimum threshold (> 12.5 Mg/ha) in 97.8, 57.6 and 46.4% areas of BTZ, CPZ and MWPZ, respectively. Only 9.8 and 0.4% area of WPZ and SWPZ, respectively, had SOC stock above the threshold value. The variation in SOC stock was attributed largely to carbon addition through recycling of organic sources, cropping systems, tillage intensity, crop or residue cover and land‐use efficiency, nutrient‐use pattern, soil texture and prevailing ecosystem. Adoption of conservation agriculture, balanced use of nutrients, inclusion of legumes in cropping systems and agro‐forestry were suggested for enhancing SOC stock in the region.     

ET_0变化趋势分析及估算模型研究——以新乡站为例

【目的】参考作物蒸散量(ET_0)的估算是计算作物腾发量的基础,也是区域水资源评价与灌溉政策制定的前提,因此,研究ET_0变化趋势与估算模型能够对该地区农田灌溉用水预报提供基础支持,进而为灌溉制度的制定以及水资源高效利用提供科学依据。【方法】以河南新乡气象站1962―2016年气象资料为基础,运用Penman-Monteith模型计算ET_0序列,Mann-Kendall趋势检验法对年及季节尺度ET_0序列变化趋势进行分析,并用均值生成函数模型对其进行了拟合与验证。【结果】①新乡地区年尺度ET_0序列在1975―2016年间呈减小趋势,并在1985―2004年、2006年显著;②新乡地区春季ET_0序列在1982―1983年及1988―2003年间呈显著的减小趋势,夏季ET_0序列在1980―2012年间呈显著的减小趋势。③均值生成函数模型在对年尺度ET_0序列进行拟合时,其一致性系数达到0.83,绝对误差与相对误差分别在-120.8～120.0 mm及-14.0%～18.2%之间。④均值生成函数模型在对季节尺度ET_0序列进行拟合时,其一致性系数在春、夏、秋、冬各季节分别达到0.85、0.81、0.88及0.89,绝对误差分别在-60.2～64.3、-64.4～58.9、-39.6～32.8、-37.0～25.1 mm之间,相对误差分别在-20.1%～36.7%、-22.1%～32.1%、-18.0%～22.9%、-23.9%～24.6%之间。【结论】新乡地区年尺度ET_0序列在1985―2004年间显著减小,均值生成函数模型在对年及各季节尺度ET_0序列进行拟合时整体效果较好,因此,可通过其进行年及季节尺度ET_0序列的估算,且其在秋、冬二季的拟合效果明显好于春、夏二季。     

Evaluating the role of seed priming in improving drought tolerance of pigmented and non‐pigmented rice

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of seed priming on drought tolerance of pigmented and non‐pigmented rice. Seeds of pigmented (cv. Heug Jinju Byeo) and non‐pigmented (cv. Anjoong) rice were soaked in water (hydropriming) or solution of CaCl₂ (osmopriming). Seeds were sown in soil‐filled pots retained at 70 (well‐watered) and 35% (drought) water‐holding capacity. Drought stress caused erratic and poor stand establishment and decreased the growth of both rice types. More decrease in plant height and leaf area under drought stress was noted in pigmented rice, whereas decrease in root length and seedling dry weight, under drought, was more obvious in non‐pigmented rice. Pigmented rice maintained more tissue water and photosynthesis and had more polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity than non‐pigmented rice. Seed priming was effective in improving stand establishment, growth, polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity; however, extent of improvement was more in pigmented rice under drought. In conclusion, drought caused erratic germination and suppressed plant growth in both rice types. However, pigmented rice had better drought tolerance owing to uniform emergence, and better physiological and morphological plasticity. Seed priming was quite helpful in improving the performance of both rice types under drought and well‐watered conditions.     

南充地区晚熟柑桔主要病虫害发生特点及综合防控措施

本文介绍了南充地区晚熟柑桔主要病虫害的种类及为害发生特点,并提出了相应的病虫害综合防控措施,保证晚熟柑桔的正常生长,以期为当地晚熟柑桔生产、种植户节本增收提供参考。     

微喷灌溉在山区农业园区的应用研究

对农业休闲园区内进行微喷灌溉设计、施工和应用效果检验,介绍了山区丘陵地形应用微喷高效节水灌溉的设计参数、施工措施和应注意的问题,为发展山区微喷灌溉、服务农业园区提供参考。     

How do timing,duration, and intensity of drought stress affect the agronomic performance of winter rye?

Winter rye (Secale cereale L.) will be especially affected by drought induced yield losses in Central and Eastern Europe in the future because it is predominantly cultivated on low-fertile soils with a poor water-holding capacity. In order to examine the performance of winter rye under different drought conditions, field experiments were carried out during the years 2011, 2012, and 2013 near Braunschweig, Germany. Two sets of genotypes were tested under severe, mild, pre-anthesis, and post-anthesis drought stress in rain-out shelters as well as under rainfed and well-watered conditions. The grain, straw, and total above ground biomass yields, harvest index, grain yield components, leaf area index (LAI), and phenological characteristics were examined, as well as phenotypic correlations between grain yield and further characteristics. Drought induced grain yield reduction ranged from 14 to 57%, while straw yield and harvest index were lesser affected by drought than the grain yield. Under drought conditions, fully ripe was reached up to twelve days earlier than under non water-limited conditions. Pre-anthesis drought mainly reduced spikes m⁻² and kernels spike⁻¹ while drought during grain filling reduced the 1000-kernel weight (TKW) only. The grain yield was positively associated with straw yield, spikes m⁻², and kernels spike⁻¹ under water limited conditions while the TWK was only positively associated with grain yield under drought during grain filling. Consequently, high pre-anthesis biomass as well as high numbers of spikes m⁻² and kernels spike⁻¹ are especially important for obtaining high grain yields under water-limited conditions. Focusing on these traits is, therefore, recommendable for developing drought tolerant rye genotypes.     

城市风景类风景名胜区建设模式初探——以广州白云山风景名胜区为例

结合对广州白云山风景名胜区规划和建设的调研和观察结果,从布局、功能、配套设施、生态结构4个方面加以分析,试图总结并归纳城市风景类风景名胜区规划建设的特点和内在规律,为相关风景区规划与建设提供参考。