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101.
102.
斯氏刺瘿螨是四川省苹果上新发现的一种危害苹果叶片的害螨,以雌成螨在苹果芽的芽腋两侧越冬,翌年苹果芽萌动时开始出蛰。全年以5月中旬至6月中旬发生数量最多。气候温暖、低湿、少雨发生重,相反则轻。在调查的8个品种中,叶片多茸毛的品种受害重。天敌主要为捕食螨 相似文献
103.
山东辽宁河北苹果蠹蛾分布调查协作组 《植物保护学报》1992,19(4):345-349
苹果蠹蛾[Laspeyresia pomonella(L.)]是世界上为害苹果和梨的主要蛀果害虫,被许多国家和我国列为植物检疫对象。该虫在我国现仅分布于新疆。英联邦昆虫研究所(Common-wealth institute of entomology,C.I.E.)(1951,1976)根据陈方洁、王飞鹏(1936)及胡经甫(1938)的记述,将我国浙江(奉化)、河北、湖北、东北三省(辽宁、吉林、黑龙江)、北平(北京)及新疆等8个省、市、自治区划分为该虫分布区,从而严重影响我国苹果及梨的出口和外销。为了查清该虫在我国的分布情况,首先核对并纠正 C.I.E.制图所依据的上述两篇文章的错误,同时在张从仲等(1984—1985)在山东、辽宁等8省市大面积进行的苹果蠹蛾性诱剂监测的基础上,于1991年4—10月在山东、辽宁、河北苹果和梨主要产区及出口基地继续进行苹果蠹蛾性诱剂监测、果园调查及剖果检查,结果均未发现苹果蠹蛾成虫或幼虫。到目前为止,此虫仍局限分布于我国新疆。 相似文献
104.
生草园捕食性天敌东亚小花蝽的人工操纵技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在北京巨山农场果园中,分别在6月初和6月中旬,刈割苹果树行间的紫花苜蓿并将其放在树冠下后,东亚小花蝽既向割草区周围的紫花苜蓿上扩散,也向割草区苹果树上迁移。割草后3天,割草区周围紫花苜蓿上小花蝽数量增加20%~119%,其增加量随距割草区距离的增加而减少,割草区苹果树冠上小花蝽数量比割草前增加2~3倍,蝽螨比可提高14倍,树冠小花蝽增加的数量受小花蝽扩散能力和割草时间的影响。试验结果表明,适时刈割苹果园中的紫花苜蓿,对控制害螨有明显的作用 相似文献
105.
苹果砧木M26离体叶片愈伤组织发生及分类研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对苹果砧木M26 离体叶片愈伤组织的发生研究表明,取继代后30 ~35 d 的试管苗顶部1~4 叶位的叶片,沿与主脉垂直方向横切后,以叶背面朝上方式置于愈伤组织诱导培养基上,经观察在叶片近柄端切口处愈伤组织发生较早,产生量较多。最适的愈伤组织诱导培养基为:MS+2 ,4 - D0 .2 ~2 .0 mg·l- 1 +IAA0 .2 ~2.0 mg·l- 1 + BA0 .5 ~1.0 mg·l- 1 + 蔗糖3 % + 琼脂0.6% 。将诱导产生的愈伤组织按外部形态、细胞特点及生理生化指标等分为三类,其中表面干燥致密、细胞内含物丰富、淀粉、蛋白质及干物质含量均较高的Ⅲ类愈伤组织的芽再生频率最高,可达83 .33 % ,是能利用的愈伤组织类型。 相似文献
106.
武威地区天然草地有毒植物及其防除 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
对武威地区天然草地有毒植物的种类,分布及其对草地的危害情况进行了调查研究,结果表明,全区天然草地共有毒植物172号,分属31科84属,平均2.15种/m^2,盖度达4.41%地上部分生物量11.28g/m^2。对草地危害的主要黄花棘豆,甘肃棘豆,小花棘豆,狼毒和马草,受侵害的草地主要是山地草甸和山地草原,通过分析,提出了有毒植物防除和利用的建议。 相似文献
107.
Mohamed Faize Marie-Noëlle Brisset Jean-Stéphane Venisse Jean-Pierre Paulin Michel Tharaud 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(6):547-553
A virulent strain of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight of Maloideae, and two of its non-virulent hrp mutants (a secretory and a regulatory mutant) were inoculated into apple cell suspensions either alone or in mixed inoculations. In single inoculations, death of 4- to 5-day-old apple cells occurred only when the concentration of the virulent strain of E. amylovora reached a threshold inoculum concentration of 104CFUml–1, while high concentrations of the hrp mutants were unable to kill apple cells. When mixed inoculated with the virulent parental strain, both hrp mutants protected apple cells from death caused by the virulent strain. The protective effect was associated with a decrease in the population level of the virulent strain and it was dependent on the non-virulent to virulent inoculum concentration suggesting a competition between the non-virulent mutant and the virulent strain. However, no differential protective ability between the two types of mutants could be noticed, contrary to previous results obtained with apple seedlings or apple flowers in which the regulatory mutant was significantly more effective than the secretory mutant. In conclusion, inoculation of apple cell cultures with E. amylovora does not seem to be a model suitable for investigating mechanisms leading to protection. 相似文献
108.
渭北旱塬是我国苹果种植的最优气候区。以白水县为例,通过对其气候适生区内果园地质条件的对比分析,寻找出了具体地质要素间的差异,归结出了两类气候区内地貌、土壤母质类型、母质矿物质含量三类要素的组合类型,为进一步探讨地质条件对苹果品质的影响特征,细分气候优生区,促进该区苹果生产优质化提供依据。 相似文献
109.
Barbara Thuerig Andres Binder Thomas Boller Urs Guyer Sonia Jiménez Christina Rentsch Lucius Tamm 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(2):185-197
We have examined the effect of Pen, an aqueous extract of the dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum, on plant–pathogen interactions. Pen controlled a broad range of pathogens on several crop plants under greenhouse and field
conditions. Pen protected grapevine from downy and powdery mildew (caused by Plasmopara viticola and Uncinula necator), tomato from early blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans), onion from downy mildew (Peronospora destructor) and apple trees from apple scab (caused by Venturia inaequalis) to a similar extent as fungicides such as copper and sulphur or well-known inducers such as benzothiadiazole or β-aminobutyric
acid. Pen had no major direct fungicidal effect and is thus supposed to protect plants by activating their defense mechanisms.
The raw material for extraction of Pen was available in constant quality, a prerequisite for commercial application. Under
certain conditions, Pen caused phytotoxic side effects. The symptoms mostly consisted of small necrotic spots or, more rarely,
of larger necrotic areas. The development of the symptoms was dependent on several parameters, including concentration of
Pen, the number of applications, the persistence on the plant tissue, the plant species and variety and environmental conditions.
In grapevine, a partially purified fraction of Pen was much less toxic than the crude Pen extract, but protected the plants
to a similar extent against P. viticola. Our data show that Pen has interesting and unique properties as a plant protection agent, but more research is needed to
further reduce its phytotoxic side effects. 相似文献
110.
The effects of field aging (0–28 days) and pheromone loading rate on the longevity of red rubber septa loaded with the sex
pheromone blend of the oriental fruit mothGrapholita molesta (Busck), were evaluated in North Carolina apple orchards in 2002. Separate field tests examined the influence of trap height
and pheromone loading rate of rubber septa on trap catches of adultG. molesta males in an abandoned orchard. The loss of the major pheromone component, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8–12:OAc), from red rubber
septa over a 4-week period exhibited a relatively constant release rate with 30, 100 and 300 μg pheromone. Trap catch was
significantly higher in pheromone traps placed in the upper canopy than in those in the lower canopy. Pheromone traps baited
with 100μg lures caught more moths compared with those loaded with 300 μg. There was no apparent relationship between pheromone
trap catch and septa age, with trap catch appearing to be primarily a function ofG. molesta population density.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 14, 2006. 相似文献