新疆不同种类蔬菜农药残留检出规律的研究

在新疆23个不同区域设采样点,共采集1 501个蔬菜样品,分析样品中51项农药残留,研究了不同种类蔬菜农药残留检出的规律性。结果表明,新疆不同区域蔬菜质量安全状况良好,合格率较高,部分蔬菜存在农药检出、超标现象,并具有一定的规律性,与蔬菜种类、生长季节及我国农药产业结构等因素有关。根据实验结果提出降低蔬菜农药残留的对策,以规范该区农药使用,提高蔬菜生产产量、质量及效益。     

无机盐对地衣芽孢杆菌发酵厨余物产蛋白的影响

以地衣芽孢杆菌为供试菌种,通过正交试验,研究(NH4)2SO4、K2HPO4、MgSO4和CaCO3四种无机盐的添加量对地衣芽孢杆菌发酵厨余物过程中产蛋白质的影响。结果表明,(NH4)2SO4和MgSO4的添加量与蛋白质产量呈正相关性,而在发酵过程中可促进地衣芽孢杆菌的生长有较明显的促进作用,而CaCO3和K2HPO4的添加量与蛋白质产量呈负相关性。这表明(NH4)2SO4和MgSO4的添加可促进地衣芽孢杆菌的生长,提高发酵产物中蛋白质的含量。地衣芽孢杆菌发酵厨余物的最佳培养基配方为:20 g研磨后的厨余物,加入等量无菌水室温浸泡,搅拌均匀后再添加1%的(NH4)2SO4和0.2%的MgSO4。     

丙环唑·嘧菌酯在玉米和土壤中的残留分析

经过对样品前处理过程的研究和优化,建立了丙环唑和嘧菌酯的气相色谱分析方法。样品经乙腈水溶液提取分配后,用弗罗里硅土小柱净化,采用气相色谱(μ-ECD)测定。方法中目标物在50~2 000μg·L-1浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数分别为0.999 1和0.999 4。在5,50,200μg·kg-13个添加浓度水平下,平均加标回收率在79.2%~110.9%之间,相对标准偏差不大于15%。该方法可灵敏、简便、快速地测定玉米中丙环唑和嘧菌酯的残留。     

The fate of chlortetracycline residues in a simulated chicken–fish integrated farming systems

Two experiments were conducted at the Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand to investigate the fate of chlortetracycline (CTC) residue in chicken manure and its effect on integrated chicken–fish farming system. During the first experiment, broiler chickens were raised and CTC residues in their manure were analysed. Chicken fed diets containing 0, 50, 200 and 800 CTC mg kg^?1 had CTC residue levels of 0, 0.9, 3.8 and 6.5 CTC ng g^?1. Once the diet containing CTC was withdrawn, CTC in the manure dropped to negligible amounts (0, 0, 0.2 and 0.5 CTC ng g^?1) within 1 day. Integrated chicken–fish farming systems were simulated during the second experiment to determine the fate of antibiotic residues in chicken manure in aquaculture environment. Chickens were fed a CTC‐free diet and a feed containing CTC at 200 mg kg^?1. Ten 4 m³ square concrete tanks (2 × 2 × 1 m) were used for the experiment. Five tanks were fertilized with CTC‐contaminated manure and the remaining five tanks were fertilized with CTC‐free manure at a rate of 100 kg dry matter ha^?1 day^?1. Sex‐reversed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was stocked at 12 fish tank^?1 on the 14th day after chicken manure application. The immuno‐radio microbial receptor assay (Charm II test) revealed that edible fish muscle, fish intestinal tract and sediment were contaminated by CTC at rates of 7.21, 22.104 and 1.788 ng g^?1, respectively, after 45 days. Chlortetracycline was detected on day 20 in the water column and gradually increased from 0.26 to 12.13 ng g^?1. Chlortetracycline residues were not detected in fish or the aquatic environment of the CTC‐free treatment. The results demonstrate the potential for antibiotic residue accumulation in fish and aquatic environment when CTC‐contaminated chicken manure is used for pond fertilization.     

气相色谱法同时测定水产品中氯霉素、氟甲砜霉素和甲砜霉素残留量

以尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)和南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)为实验材料,建立了测定水产品中氯霉素、氟甲砜霉素和甲砜霉素残留量的毛细管电子捕获气相色谱(GC-ECD)法。用乙酸乙酯同时提取水产品中的待测物,提取液浓缩至干后溶于甲醇/氯化钠溶液,正己烷脱脂,过C18柱净化,乙腈洗脱,加BSTFA-TMCS在65℃下衍生反应30min,正己烷定容后进样分析,外标法定量。本方法氯霉素在1.0~500.0μg/L,氟甲砜霉素和甲砜霉素在5.0~500.0μg/L浓度范围内呈线性相关,相关系数r≥0.9983,加标水平在0.2~10.0μg/kg时,回收率为83.30%~101.22%,相对标准偏差为1.36%~12.57%。氯霉素、氟甲砜霉素和甲砜霉素的检测限分别为0.1、0.2、0.2μg/kg。     

中国马铃薯渣发明专利的文献学分析与研究

为了了解中国马铃薯渣发明专利申请的情况,促进我国马铃薯渣处理与利用技术水平的提高,为我国马铃薯渣专利申请的研究提供决策依据,用《中国专利数据库（知网版）》检索1988～2013年间所申请的马铃薯渣发明专利,并按照申请发明专利进行数据分析,按照专利公开的时间、专利数量、专利申请人类型和专利申请状况等项目进行数据统计与分析.结果表明,从2007年开始,马铃薯渣发明专利取得较大的发展,按各个研究进行统计,主要集中饲料、生化制品、膳食纤维、机械等方面的利用较多,且国内发明专利最多的省份是甘肃.     

复方磺胺甲噁唑在松浦镜鲤体内的药动学及残留消除规律

采用高效液相色谱法,研究了以50 mg/kg (体质量)的剂量在口灌给药条件下,复方磺胺甲噁唑(甲氧苄啶.磺胺甲噁唑=1.5)在松浦镜鲤Cyprinus carpio Songpu体内的药动学与残留消除规律。结果表明：单次给药后,甲氧苄啶在血浆和肌肉中的药时关系符合一级吸收一室开放模型,在肝胰脏和肾中的药时关系符合一级吸收二室开放模型,磺胺甲噁唑在血浆、肌肉、肝胰脏和肾中的药时关系符合一级吸收二室开放模型;每天一次连续5 d给药后,甲氧苄啶于第15天开始低于0·05 mg/kg,磺胺甲噁唑于第9天开始低于0·10 mg/kg。研究表明,在本试验条件下,建议休药期不低于15 d。     

Effect of dietary iron supplement on growth, haematology and microelements of juvenile grouper, Epinephelus coioides

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary iron supplement on growth, haematology and microelements of juvenile grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Casein–gelatine‐based diets supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg kg⁻¹ iron from ferrous sulphate were fed to grouper (mean initial weight: 21.0 ± 0.2 g) for 8 weeks. Weight gain was highest in fish fed the diet supplemented with 100 mg kg⁻¹ iron, intermediate in fish fed diets with 50, 150, 200 and 250 mg kg⁻¹ iron and lowest in fish fed the basal diet. Feed efficiency followed a similar trend except that the lowest value was in fish fed the basal diet and the diet supplemented with 250 mg kg⁻¹ iron. Hepatic iron was highest in fish fed diets supplemented with iron ≥100 mg kg⁻¹, followed by fish fed diet with 50 mg kg⁻¹ iron and lowest in fish fed the basal diet. The whole‐body iron was lowest in fish fed the basal diet but not significantly different from other groups, as judged by anova . Iron supplement to the basal diet had no significant effect on haematological parameters (red blood cell count, haematocrit and haemoglobin), hepatic copper concentration or manganese, zinc concentration in liver and whole body. Broken‐line analysis of hepatic iron indicated that iron supplementation of 100 mg kg⁻¹ satisfied the hepatic iron storage and that further supplementation did not expand the iron status.     

氰戊菊酯对金鱼的急性毒性试验及残留测定

研究结果表明,氰戊菊酯对金鱼的24,48,72,96h的半致死质量浓度分别为73 1,24 0,20 7,12 5μg/L,氰戊菊酯对金鱼的毒性极大,并有十分明显的时间效应。金鱼对氰戊菊酯的富集系数很大,可达1×104～1×105,且肝和鳃的富集能力比肌肉要大。     

猕猴桃AdMSD1和AdMSD2的克隆及其在果实后熟软化中的表达

锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD)在植物生长发育与衰老及应对逆境胁迫中发挥重要作用。为探究MnSOD基因在猕猴桃果实后熟软化及采后贮藏过程的作用,本研究以米良1号猕猴桃为试材,克隆了2个MnSOD基因,分别命名为AdMSD1和AdMSD2。AdMSD1包含675 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码224个氨基酸,登录号为KY471358;AdMSD2包含690 bp的ORF,编码229个氨基酸,登录号为KY471359。生物信息学分析结果表明,AdMSD1和AdMSD2均编码稳定的碱性亲水蛋白,包含保守金属结合域DVWEHAYY、Mn²⁺金属结合位点和特征氨基酸。AdMSD1和AdMSD2均由6个外显子和5个内含子组成。进化树结果显示,2个蛋白聚在双子叶植物组的不同分支,属于MnSOD家族的不同成员。定量分析结果表明,AdMSD1在叶片的转录水平最高,在花中的转录水平最低;AdMSD2在花中的转录水平最高,在成熟果中的转录水平最低。2个基因在果实后熟软化过程的转录呈动态变化,但均在软化初期上调,软化Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期下调,进入软化Ⅲ期后再次回升。果实中AdMSD1和AdMSD2的转录水平均在低温贮藏过程中下降。AdMSD1在脱落酸处理的第1和第5天表达上调,而AdMSD2在脱落酸处理后表达下调;AdMSD1在赤霉素处理后表达下调,而AdMSD2在赤霉素处理的第1天表达上调,之后下调。研究结果表明,AdMSDs基因参与猕猴桃果实的后熟软化和采后贮藏过程,为进一步研究SOD在猕猴桃果实采后品质调控中的作用机制奠定了基础。