稻棉轮作对棉红蜘蛛控制作用的研究

稻棉轮作棉田因轮种水稻使红蜘蛛越冬的土壤和寄主杂草环境受到严重破坏，减少了红蜘蛛的越冬基数及早春活动繁殖场所，推迟了进入棉田为害的时间，并促进棉田中天敌数量的增加。从而有效地控制了轮作棉田红蜘蛛的发生危害，减少了防治棉田红蜘蛛的用药次数。     

七星瓢虫对两种麦蚜控制作用的模拟研究

应用二次回归旋转组合设计方法研究了七星瓢虫成虫、幼虫与两种麦蚜共存系统中瓢虫对麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜的捕食量模型。结果表明七星瓢虫对两种麦蚜的捕食量随着瓢虫密度的增加而减少．随着该种麦蚜密度的增加而增加．且七星瓢虫无选择性。七星瓢虫不同个体间的干扰作用对其捕食麦长管蚜数量有显著影响,两种麦蚜数交互作用对七星瓢虫捕食禾谷缢管蚜数量影响显著。该模型可用来预测田间蚜虫的变化．指导麦田蚜虫防治。     

黄淮海地区稻茬小麦田杂草组成及群落特征

为明确黄淮海地区稻茬小麦田杂草组成及群落特征,采用倒置W型九点取样法对黄淮海地区稻茬小麦田杂草进行了调查,并进行了区域聚类分析。调查结果表明:从杂草种类来看,黄淮海地区稻茬小麦田杂草共有49种,隶属于17科45属,其中禾本科、菊科、十字花科和石竹科种类最多,分别有10、8、7和6种;从杂草优势度来看,优势杂草有7种,分别为看麦娘Alopecurus aequalis、硬草Sclerochloa kengiana、猪殃殃Galium aparine、牛繁缕Malachium aquaticum、稻槎菜Lapsana apogonoides、荠菜Capsella bursa-pastoris、日本看麦娘A. japonicus,区域性优势杂草有6种,分别为野老鹳草Geranium carolinianum、碎米芥Cardamine hirsuta、大巢菜Vicia gigantea、通泉草Mazus japonicus、菵草Beckmannia syzigachne、委陵菜Potentilla chinensis,这13种杂草是构成黄淮海地区稻茬小麦田的主要杂草,此外还分布有一般性杂草36种;从杂草区域分布来看,江苏省北部稻麦轮作区小麦田物种丰富度最高,有40种,明显高于其它稻麦轮作区小麦田,香农指数和均匀度指数也以该区域最高,分别为2.63和0.71,辛普森指数则以山东省临沂库灌稻麦区最高,为0.27。聚类分析结果表明,黄淮海地区稻茬小麦田杂草群落可以划分为4组,河南省南部稻麦轮作区和山东省临沂库灌稻麦轮作区杂草群落结构相似构成1组,河南省北部沿黄稻麦轮作区和山东省沿黄稻麦轮作区杂草群落结构相似构成1组;江苏省北部稻麦轮作区和山东省济宁滨湖稻麦轮作区各自单独成组。     

“黑麦草—水稻”草田轮作系统应用效益初探（案例研究）

“黑麦草—水稻”草田轮作系统（简称ＩＲＲ系统）在广东省产生了显著的效益。黑麦草作为饲料的应用范围包括了奶牛、奶水牛、肉牛、奶山羊、肉（毛）用兔、实验用兔、猪、鸵鸟、鹅、草鱼等，目前最常见的系统有“稻—草—牛”、“稻—草—鱼”和“稻—草—鹅”。因此，ＩＲＲ系统为发展大农业多种经营提供了重要的物质基础，改善了区域农业生产结构，促进了“三元结构农业”和节粮型畜牧业的发展。ＩＲＲ系统的应用，提高了土地的利用率以及土地单位面积的产出，其经济效益因不同的应用系统而异，一般情况下一个冬季的产出在１．５万元／ｈｍ２以上。     

鄂东沿江平原麦棉双套条件下土壤综合培肥技术及应用效果

麦棉双套使土地长期在满负荷状况下运转,难以得到深耕与休闲。以氮素为主的传统单一施肥方法使土壤理化性质日趋恶化,肥力逐渐下降,不利于夺取麦棉双高产。通过试验,对其培肥技术进行了系统研究。结果表明:合理地施用专用复混肥和专用配合微肥,有利于土壤养分得到以平衡供应;加大生物有机肥施用量,实行小麦高留桩和直接覆盖还田,可使地力得以恢复,麦棉双套双高产。     

Effect of co-cultivation and crop rotation on corm rot disease of Gladiolus

Field and pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of co-cultivation and crop rotation on the growth and corm rot disease of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus sect. Blandus) cv. Aarti caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. gladioli (Massey) Snyd. and Hans. In the field experiment, gladiolus was co-cultivated with 10 agricultural/horticultural crops viz. Allium cepa L., Brassica campestris L., Capsicum annuum L., Eruca sativa Mill., Helianthus annuus L., Tagetes erectus L., Zea mays L., Vinca rosea L. and Rosa indica L., in a soil infested with F. oxysporum. All the crops except V. rosea and R. indica reduced disease incidence. The effect of H. annuus and T. erectus was significant and more pronounced than other co-cultivated crops. In general, root and shoot dry biomass, corm fresh weight, number of cormlets and number of flowers per spike decreased as compared to the un-inoculated monoculture gladiolus treatment (negative control) but these parameters enhanced as compared to the F. oxysporum inoculated monoculture gladiolus treatment (positive control). In a pot experiment, all the crops of the field experiment except V. rosea and R. indica were sown in rotation with gladiolus. Pot grown plants of different species were harvested at maturity and the soil was inoculated with F. oxysporum. Gladiolus was cultivated 1 week after inoculation. Disease incidence was significantly suppressed in all the treatments ranging from 29% to 53%. The highest suppression of disease incidence was recorded in T. erectus (53%) followed by B. campestris (49%). The effect of preceding crops on various vegetative parameters was similar in the pot experiment to that of the field experiment. The present study suggests that corm rot disease of gladiolus can be managed by mixed cropping of H. annuus and T. erectus or cultivation of T. erectus and B. campestris in rotation.     

高层建筑分层供暖系统

如何解决高层建筑供暖系统分区问题是建筑供暖函待解决的问题,本文针对此问题介绍了四种适合不同系统情况下的具体方式,并且阐述了四种方式的工作原理及所适合的系统.     

Response of grain yield and related agronomic traits of oilseed flax to diversified cropping rotations北大核心CSCD

This research aimed to identify a suitable planting pattern for oilseed flax production in a dry-farming region. A long-term field experiment was started in 2012 with a 4-year crop rotation cycle,designed to measure the effects on flax crop performance of previous crop,and various patterns of flax planting interval within the four-year rotation,compared with continuous flax cropping. Crop parameters measured included plant height,stem diameter,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and the experiment included six different crop rotation patterns：Flax→flax →flax→flax［（F）FFF］;Flax→wheat→potato→flax［（F）WPF］;Flax→potato→flax→wheat［（F）PFW］;Flax→ flax→wheat→potato［（F）FWP］;Flax→wheat→flax→potato［（F）WFP］and flax→wheat→potato→wheat［（F）WPW］. Results for the ninth year showed significantly increased grain yield（29. 89%-109. 57%）in crop rotation treatments compared with continuous cropping of oilseed flax. The ranking of the six tested rotations for yield was：（F）WPW>（F）FWP>（F）WFP>（F）PFW>（F）WPF>（F）FFF. The grain yield of oilseed flax was significantly affected by previous crop,frequency and years interval of flax cropping and number of years of continuous flax cropping. Yield was increased by 54. 45%-59. 29% under wheat stubble and potato stubble compared with oilseed flax stubble,and increased by 30. 66% and 109. 57%,respectively,under 50% and 25% frequencies,compared with 100% frequency. The grain yield of oilseed flax under two-year continuous cropping was higher by 29. 89% than four-year continuous cropping,and increased with increase in years interval between flax crops. Correlation analysis identified a significantly positive correlation between oilseed flax grain yield and effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight. The effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight of oilseed flax under rotation treatment were increased by 35. 88%-108. 91%,15. 47%-46. 19% and 14. 61%-16. 34%,respectively（P<0. 05）,compared with continuous cropping. In addition,the high grain yield of oilseed flax was accompanied by an increase in plant height,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation and these increases were,respectively,5. 11%-42. 24%,2. 77%-39. 92% and 31. 25%-117. 89% under the rotation regimes,compared with continuous cropping. Reduction in the number of years of continuous cropping years,change of crop stubble,decreased flax planting frequency and increased of interval between flax crops also improved flax crop performance. In summary,crop rotation improved the vigor of oilseed flax,resulting in greater plant height and stem diameter,improved dry matter accumulation and distribution,leading to increased branch number,effective capsule number and 1000-seed weight,and increase in the crop yield of oilseed flax. The results indicated that a multiple-crop rotation pattern was an effective way to avoid the yield reduction caused by continuous cropping in oilseed flax. The rotation： Flax→wheat→potato→wheat performed best among those tested and can be recommended as an appropriate cropping rotation for oilseed flax production in the dry region of northwest China. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Use of random pattern skin flaps for wound closure in two horses

A 9-year-old Thoroughbred broodmare presented with a mass rostral to the medial canthus of the left eye. The mass was removed under general anaesthesia and the wound bed infiltrated with carboplatin emulsion before partially closing using a Z-plasty. The mass recurred and subsequently was resected twice. It has not recurred 68 weeks post-treatment. The second case describes removal of a granulomatous mass from the metatarsus of a yearling Thoroughbred colt. Skin expanders and a rotational flap were used to allow tension-free closure. This required two separate surgeries to firstly insert the skin expanders and secondly to remove the mass, the expanders and to close the defect. The wound healed with good cosmesis. There have been few reports on the use of skin flaps in equine reconstructive surgery in the last 30 years. This report details two cases of wound closure where skin flaps were used to achieve primary intention wound healing.     

用二次正交旋转组合设计优化马占相思增殖培养基

在马占相思组织培养初步取得成功的基础上，采用二次正交旋转组合设计对马占相思增殖培养基进行优化，建立增殖率(Y)对Ca^2 浓度(X1)、6-BA浓度(X2)及NAA浓度(X3)3个试验因子的正交回归模型：Y=2．280-0．168X1-0．259X2 0．185X1^2-0．210X2^2 0．167X3^2 0．326X1X2。从模型推知，当Ca^2 浓度为0．58倍常规MS培养基浓度(255g／L)，6BA为0．76mg／L，NAA为0．16mg／L时，增殖率达最大值为4．32，实验结果与预测值相符。