基于海洋遥感的西北印度洋鸢乌贼渔场形成机制的初步分析

2003年9-11月中国鱿钓船对西北印度洋海域鸢乌贼渔场进行生产性探捕调查，发现在16°N、61°E附近海域存在中心渔场，平均日产达5 t以上，但渔场10 d后迅速消失。本文结合本次调查生产数据和卫星遥感资料对这一渔场进行了分析。渔场形成内在动力在于上升流的存在，它使深海缺氧、营养丰富的海水上涌到表层，上升流影响区域SST低，表层藻类 的繁盛，海表面叶绿素a（Chl-a）浓度值高。溶解氧缺乏，驱使鸢乌贼朝溶解氧比较丰富的区域即向SST高值和Chl-a低值的区域聚集，但鸢乌贼也有朝食物丰富区域即Chl-a高和SST低值区域觅食习性。鱼群易集中在SST梯度较大且Chl-a梯度较大的狭长区域。同时，当该海域附近上升流发生后，低压扰动有利于较大的SST梯度及Chl－a梯度的出现和维持，渔场海洋环境复杂，鱼群迅速聚集，形成中心渔场；而当低压扰动消失，风速增大，风向单一，渔场海洋环境单一均匀，鱼群会很快分散，中心渔场消失。     

基于遥感技术的森林可燃物类型划分

应用监督分类法中的最大似然法(Maximum Likelihood Classification)以及遥感图像对塔河林业局森林可燃物类型划分的结果为:针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林、空地等几种类型,并绘制了可燃物类型分布图,经分类精度检验,总体分类精度为83.00%,KAPPA系数为0.769。同时,对不同可燃物类型的特点进行了分析。     

基于随机森林的大姚县TM遥感影像分类研究

随机森林(Random Forest)是一种组合多棵决策树分类器的新的分类算法。以楚雄州大姚县为例,采用Landsat-TM数据,通过最大似然、支持向量机、随机森林3种分类器进行分类对比研究。结果表明,支持向量机和随机森林的分类精度明显优于最大似然法,两者分类精度相差不大;在分类时间上,最大似然法明显比随机森林和支持向量机快,支持向量机最慢。综合分析,随机森林算法表现更优,它在保证分类精度的前提下,也能保证一定的时间效率,更适宜实际生产应用。     

基于遥感的冬小麦长势等级与气象因子相关性分析

利用遥感数据,以陕西、甘肃两省为例,探讨了冬小麦不同生育期内不同等级的长势状况及其与气温、降水、日照等气象因子的相关性。将冬小麦的生长发育过程分为7个不同的生育期,借助植被指数NDVI,利用GIS空间分析方法,分析了不同生育期内作物生长发育动态变化状况;探讨了2011—2012年不同生长发育期内,不同等级的冬小麦长势状况与同生育期、前一生育期及生育期内累计温度、降水、日照时数等气象因子的相关性。结果表明,2011—2012年,陕西、甘肃两省冬小麦长势在空间上呈现越冬前较好,越冬期略变差,之后恢复变好的状况,但同时存在时空分布差异。相关分析结果表明,就平均来说,无论冬小麦长势状况如何,冬小麦长势和累计降水之间的相关性都大于同期和前一生育期的相关性,显示了降水在冬小麦整个生育期内的重要性;温度对冬小麦的影响根据冬小麦长势等级的不同而不同;日照方面,不论冬小麦长势等级如何,各种不同等级的长势都和累计日照时数相关关系最大。研究同时表明,长势好和长势差的冬小麦对降水较为敏感,而温度在整体上对长势正常的冬小麦影响较大。     

几种液压控制系统对比分析

对几种简单的液压控制系统进行对比分析。结果表明,闭心负载系统是节能系统。     

Testing a depth‐based Habitat Classification System against reef fish assemblage patterns in a subtropical marine park

• 1. The Solitary Islands Marine Park (SIMP) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, has strong cross‐shelf patterns of reef fish assemblages on shallow reefs (<25 m). While the SIMP also contains reef at depths of up to 75 m, marine communities below 25 m are poorly described. The Habitat Classification System (HCS) used for planning the arrangement of zones in this marine park included three depth categories for reef: shallow (<25 m); intermediate (25–60 m); and deep (>60 m). However, these had not been tested to determine if they adequately reflect biotic patterns.
• 2. Using baited remote underwater video (BRUV), fish assemblages were surveyed at 56 sites spread across shallow, intermediate, and deep reefs within the SIMP to examine spatial variation between depth categories. Relationships between assemblage patterns, depth, and four additional factors considered likely to affect assemblage patterns (distance from shore, reef type, dominant benthos, and latitude), were subsequently explored using multivariate statistical methods.
• 3. Reef fish assemblages differed significantly among the depth categories. Assemblage patterns for fish were strongly correlated with depth and moderately correlated with the dominant benthic assemblage. Correlations with the other factors were generally weak. Three distinct assemblages occurred on reefs <25 m, 25–50 m and >50 m. Shallow (<25 m) reefs also displayed strong cross‐shelf patterns, supporting the results from other studies. Weaker cross‐shelf patterns were evident at intermediate depths (25–50 m).
• 4. Depth‐based and cross‐shelf categories are clearly fundamental components for a HCS that will adequately represent reef fish assemblages for conservation planning in the SIMP. Further refining the depth criteria for the intermediate/deep boundary (to 50 m) improves this representation. Further research is required to determine the wider application of the refined HCS to other marine parks in NSW and to determine how well it represents other components of biodiversity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

     

基于EnMAP-Box的遥感图像分类研究

采用2007年6月云南省勐腊县TM遥感数据,利用EnMAP-box进行了支持向量机的图像分类研究,以网格搜索法寻找最优参数,在设定的范围内,求得了最优C和g参数,用此参数进行支持向量机的遥感图像土地覆盖分类。结果表明：SVM方法较最大似然分类方法具有较高的分类精度,特别是阔叶林和橡胶林的精度明显优于最大似然分类方法;对于面积较小的次要类型,2种分类方法的精度基本保持一致;SVM的总体精度相对于最大似然分类提高了11.9％。     

The immune response to anesthesia: Part 1

ObjectiveTo review the immune response to anesthesia including mechanical ventilation, inhaled anesthetic gases, and injectable anesthetics and sedatives.Study designReview.Methods and databasesMultiple literature searches were performed using PubMed and Google Scholar from spring 2012 through fall 2013. Relevant anesthetic and immune terms were used to search databases without year published or species constraints. The online database for Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia and the Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care were searched by issue starting in 2000 for relevant articles.ConclusionRecent research data indicate that commonly used volatile anesthetic agents, such as isoflurane and sevoflurane, may have a protective effect on vital organs. With the lung as the target organ, protection using an appropriate anesthetic protocol may be possible during direct pulmonary insults, including mechanical ventilation, and during systemic disease processes, such as endotoxemia, generalized sepsis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

旱冻双重胁迫下的冬小麦幼苗长势遥感监测研究

为了探讨"旱冻交加"的气候条件下遥感监测小麦苗情的可行性,以河南省冬小麦为例,利用多时相MODIS为遥感数据源,引入了广泛用于小麦苗情监测的距平植被指数(AVI),同时基于植被健康状态指数(VHI)和晚霜冻害综合指数(I),构建了旱冻双重胁迫条件下的小麦苗情综合指数(CI),以反映冬小麦拔节期的生长状况,并分别利用实测样点苗情分类和距平植被指数对结果进行验证。结果表明,CI的总体分类精度为85.00%,Kappa系数为0.74;冬小麦总茎数与CI呈线性正相关关系,拟合方程为y=8.732CI+1.256,决定系数为0.605 3;与实测样本对比,CI预测精度为73.30%,苗情分类分级更符合小麦生长实际情况。因此认为旱冻双重胁迫下可以利用CI对冬小麦苗情进行监测。