Spillover effects of a Mediterranean marine protected area on the European spiny lobster Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787) resource

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The effects of climate variability on zooplankton and basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) relative abundance off southwest Britain

At small spatial scales basking sharks (Cetorhinus maximus) forage selectively on zooplankton along thermal fronts, but the factors influencing broader scale patterns in their abundance and distribution remain largely unknown. Using long‐term sightings data collected off southwest Britain between 1988 and 2001, we show that the number of basking sharks recorded was highly correlated with abiotic factors, principally sea surface temperature (SST) and the lagged effect of SST in the previous month, but only very weakly to zooplankton density. This suggests that the changes in number of basking sharks recorded over large spatio‐temporal scales are more closely related to the availability of climate‐driven thermal resources than prey availability, whereas the converse is supported by previous studies at local scales. Taken together, these results imply scale‐dependent behavioural responses in basking sharks, with small‐scale foraging movements linked by broad scale responses to temperature variation.     

赤水河春季浮游植物群落结构变化及其优势种生态位分析

基于2011~2016年春季对赤水河4个断面浮游植物的调查,分析浮游植物群落结构变化及优势种生态位,揭示赤水河春季浮游植物群落变化规律、优势种的生态位分化及其环境适应性,为赤水河浮游植物群落结构特征研究提供基础资料。调查结果表明,6年间在赤水河共采集到浮游植物7门68属233种（变种）,主要为硅藻,占比超过60.51%;浮游植物细胞密度在（17.28~136.68）×10^4cells/L之间波动,各段面浮游植物密度年际间变化无显著差异,浮游植物群落组成时间异质性较空间异质性明显,时空方差分解显示时间变异可解释总变异的24.5%,空间变异仅解释总变异的2%;浮游植物多样性指数显示2014年与2016年赤水河处于轻或无污染状态,2011~2013年与2015年受到中度人为影响。2011~2016年春季赤水河共出现优势种31种（变种）,主要为广生态位和中生态位种,生态位重叠指数在同一门类物种中最高,在不同门类物种中最小。分析结果表明赤水河春季浮游植物对水生态环境的适应能力强,对水环境的变化有较好适应性。     

南沙岛礁周围水域主要鱼类食物网

在南沙岛礁周围水域收集了43种主要鱼类,共940个胃含物,根据对它们的食性分析,并依其食料生物的生态类群以及消化器官特点,一般可划分为浮游生物食性、底栖动物食性、游泳动物食性、浮游生物兼底栖动物食性、底栖动物兼游泳动物食性等5种食性类型。根据食物网中各营养级的相互关系,初步划分为4个营养级,即初级生产者(海洋植物)、草食性动物和杂食性动物、低级肉食性动物和中级肉食性动物、高级肉食性动物。并根据这些营养级的划分,南沙岛礁周围水域43种主要鱼类可分低级肉食性鱼类,中级肉性鱼类和高级肉食性鱼类,它们的比为28105。灰裸顶鲷是南沙岛礁周围水域三重剌网举足轻重的捕捞对象,从食物网的观点出发,应加强灰裸顶鲷幼鱼期敌害鱼和其竞食者的捕捞,为低级肉食性经济鱼类除害,灰裸顶鲷就有可能增加资源量。     

福建海区浮游动物种类组成及数量分布特点

根据2003～2004年福建海区春季和夏季2个季度月浮游动物调查资料,分析和研究该调查海区浮游动物种类组成和数量分布特点。结果表明:浮游动物经鉴定共有226种,其中桡足类114种,占总种数的50.4%,以广盐高盐亚热带和热带种为主。浮游动物总生物量分布夏季比春季高,春季平均值为90.3mg·m-3,夏季为150.8mg·m-3,春季总生物量呈现由北向南递减,以闽东渔场最高,闽中渔期次之,闽南台湾浅滩渔场最低,密集区不明显,夏季则相反,随着暖流势力的增强,闽中、闽南台湾浅滩总生物量明显增加,以闽南台湾浅滩最高,且密集区明显;在调查海区总生物量起主导作用的优势种为普通波水蚤、锥形宽水蚤、微陀隆哲水蚤、亚强真哲水蚤,其密集区基本上是各种作业的主要渔场,与历史资料和邻近海域相比较,一直保持优势种地位有普通波水蚤、亚强真哲水蚤等,生物密集区基本相同。     

Temporal changes in plasma thyroid hormone,growth hormone and free fatty acid concentrations,and hepatic 5′-monodeiodinase activity,lipid and protein content during chronic fasting and re-feeding in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Temporal changes in growth, plasma thyroid hormone, cortisol, growth hormone (GH) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations, hepatic T₃ content and hepatic 5-monodeiodinase activity were measured in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) subjected to a sustained fast for up to eight weeks, and during a four-week re-feeding period. The purpose of the study was to examine aspects of the endocrine control of energy partitioning processes characteristic of short-term (acute; fasting) and long-term (chronic; starvation) food-deprivation states in fish, and to explore the role of the thyroid hormones, cortisol and GH in the energy repartitioning that takes place during an acute anabolic (re-feeding) state following chronic food deprivation.Differences in growth rate between fed and fasted groups were evident after two weeks, but significant weight loss by the fasted groups was not evident until between four and six weeks into the fast. Hepatosomatic indices (HSIs) were significantly reduced in the fasted fish within seven days, and as early as two days in one study; recovery of the HSI in fasted fish was evident within three days of re-feeding. Liver protein content (expressed as % wet weight) was consistently depressed in the fasted fish in only one of the three studies. Liver total lipid content (expressed as % wet weight) was depressed in the fasted fish within two days of food deprivation. Because of the rapid and sustained decrease in the HSI of fasted fish, the hepatic total protein and lipid reserves, when considered on a body weight basis, were markedly lowered within the first few days of the fast. Plasma GH concentrations exhibited a bi-modal pattern of change, with a transient fall in levels, followed by a sustained increase in fasted fish. The indicators of interrenal activity were suggestive of a depressed pituitary-interrenal axis in fasted animals; plasma cortisol levels were elevated to levels of fed animals within one day of re-feeding. The indicators of thyroid hormone economy (plasma thyroid hormone levels, liver triiodothyronine content, hepatic 5-monodeiodinase (MD) activity, thyroid epithelial cell height) were similarly indicative of a depressed pituitary-thyroid axis in fasted animals, with recovery to levels of the fed animals within one week. Despite the compensatory changes in accumulation of reserves (as indicated by a compensatory increase in HSI), there were no apparent compensatory changes in any of the endocrine parameters evident during the re-feeding period.     

豫北地区枣栽培现状及对策

综述豫北地区枣的栽培现状、存在的问题及发展对策,为豫北地区枣产业的发展奠定基础。     

应用高效草坪产业推动土地流转

一项新科技在示范、推广过程中,凭借龙头企业的经济实力,发挥其对草坪产业开发的拉动与扩张能力。采用先示范、获效益、再利用农民专业合作社等多种形式,把农民自愿地组织在一起,从事某一项草坪产业,实现土地的流转和产业专业化,促进农村经济发展、农民增收、农村面貌改善。     

贵州黔中地区彩叶观赏树种蓝果树种质资源调查研究

为发掘更好的彩叶观赏树种蓝果树种质资源和进一步开发利用及保存,采用400 m2的标准样法对黔中地区11个县（市、区）的蓝果树种质资源进行调查,观察土壤颜色、测量土层厚度和海拔;测量树高、胸径、冠幅、枝下高及代表植株的5～12片叶的叶长、叶宽,并观察其叶形和叶色;记录样地内所有伴生植物的种类。结果表明：蓝果树生长的土壤多为酸性的黄壤,土层厚度在24～212 cm 之间,海拔在1021～1439 m 之间。平均叶长在8.1～12.7 cm 之间,平均叶宽在3.6～6.2 cm 之间,叶色方面主要变化有绿色间紫红色或红色、铁锈红色、绿色。21个样地中蓝果树的平均年龄多在10～20年,多数胸径小于10 cm,平均胸径最大的30.9 cm,其次为19.0 cm。21个样地中均有的伴生植物都为酸性土壤的指示性植物。初步查清了黔中地区蓝果树种质资源,为发掘更好的蓝果树种质资源和良种选育、进一步开发利用及保存提供基础参考。     

福建海区渔业资源利用现状浅析

本文主要根据1996~2004年福建海区历次渔业资源专题调查和渔业资源动态监测资料,以及1990~2003年福建省渔业统计年鉴数据资料,分析研究福建海区拖网、张网、流剌网、灯光围网等主要作业对渔业资源的开发利用状况和存在问题。结果表明拖网、张网等作业对近海渔业资源利用强度尚未有效遏制,资源结构朝着越来越不利于人们利用的方向发展。并提出控制海区捕捞强度、调整捕捞作业结构、加强福建海区主要作业生产动态监测力度、加快人工鱼礁建设和增殖放流的步伐等渔业资源管理、养护和增殖措施。