节水灌溉对水稻钾素营养的影响

研究了节水灌溉条件下、不同施肥制度水稻植树对钾的吸收状况。结果表明：灌溉方式和施肥制度对水稻钾的吸收状况均不会造成极显著的影响。节水灌溉能显著提高水稻植株含钾量。     

棉花膜下滴灌灌溉制度试验研究

以田间试验为基础对棉花膜下滴灌的灌溉制度及其各因素的特点进行了分析研究。膜下滴灌技术采用局部灌水，男间地面蒸发量很小，另外，该技术为浅灌且可控性强，使灌水深度与棉花根系吸水深度相一致，避免深层渗漏，极大地提高了田间水分利用率。     

文丘里差压式喷灌施肥装置的性能研究

本文主要介绍100PS－1型文丘里差压式施肥装置的工作原理、水力学性能、施肥罐内肥料浓度的变化规律及施肥均匀度的试验数据。通过对试验结果的研究分析,我们认为采用这种形式施肥装置是完全符合喷灌系统对施肥的要求的。     

The quality of service provided by the irrigation department to the users associations, Tunuyan System, Mendoza, Argentina

The quality of service provided by the provincial Irrigation Department (DGI) to the Water Users Associations (UA), and subsequently by the UA's to the related water users, is based on the provincial water law. The intended volume of water being delivered per considered period further depends on the water availability and on the (crop irrigation) water requirements. The Service Level (SL) compares the intended water supply with the water supply that would be required to supply the entire irrigable area with sufficient water. As soon as the intended water delivery pattern is set, the measured actual delivery can be assessed against the intention. Several performance indicators are used in this context. Based on the assessment of the Water Delivery Performance Ratio and the Overall Consumed Ratio recommendations are made on changes which can be made to improve water use and reduce problems of waterlogging.     

依靠农民全面开展节水灌溉

缺水是世界普遍现象，节水是长期战略措施。开发农业节水，一方面要改善灌溉系统的基础设施，推广节水新技术，另一方面应应该吸收农民参与灌溉管理，充分发挥农民的积极性。农民参与灌溉管理是必然的趋势，也是农业节水最有效的措施之一。     

Spreadsheets for water management — a case study from the Brantas Delta,East Java

The use of commercially available spreadsheet programs for scheduling of water supplies for large scale irrigation networks is a relatively new phenomenom. The paper describes the development and application of such a program for a 30 000 ha irrigation scheme in the Brantas Delta, East Java. The program has been in use for day-to-day scheduling of main system supplies since April 1986, during which time refinements and adjustments have been necessary to formulate a working package. The paper draws conclusions regarding the value of the program for improving water management.     

垄膜沟种涌泉灌溉技术要素的试验研究

在垄膜沟种农田进行了涌泉灌灌水试验，通过对水流推进过程观测，分析了田面水流运动特性，研究了沟宽对田间灌水均匀度的影响，并对垄膜沟种涌泉灌溉技术要素进行了探讨。结果表明，涌泉灌田面水流推进曲线可用幂函数表示。随着沟宽的增大，灌水均匀度呈下降趋势。从灌水质量和管网成本两方面综合考虑，试验条件下灌水技术要素的入沟流量、沟宽和灌水器间距分别以80～100L/h、20-30cm和4～5m为宜。     

棉花膜下滴灌监控系统软件的设计

将工业自动化通用组态软件KingView和VB开发软件有机结合起来,设计棉花膜下滴灌智能决策与自动监控系统软件,并以数据库、模型库、知识库和方法库为技术核心,通过田间传感器进行数据实时采集、计算、分析与决策,由控制系统发送决策指令来控制灌溉设备开/闭,以提高灌溉的时效性。     

不同灌溉方式对水稻需水量和生长的影响

利用桶栽试验,研究了在不同灌溉方式及不同蒸发渗漏处理下的水稻需水量和对水稻生长的影响。结果表明:水稻以拔节孕穗期需水强度最高,无水层、干干湿湿和70%水分处理需水量分别比有水层处理减少42.5%、51.3%和57.6%;水稻叶面蒸腾量、棵间蒸发量与田间渗漏量占总耗水量的百分比分别为60.1%、16.4%和23.5%;干干湿湿处理水分利用率达到1.6 kg/m3,叶片光合速率最大,收获指数最高,从节水和增效的角度看,以干干湿湿灌溉最佳。     

调亏灌溉对蚕豆需水规律及水分利用效率的影响

在甘肃秦王川灌区通过大田试验研究了苗期调亏灌溉对蚕豆需水规律和水分生产效率的影响.结果表明:调亏处理蚕豆在苗期、拔节期及花荚期需水量减少,叶面积、蒸腾速率和光合速率下降,在鼓粒成熟期则相对增加,作物的总需水量减少.叶面积、蒸腾速率和棵间蒸发减少是调亏灌溉需水量降低的主要原因.调亏灌溉能够延缓鼓粒期叶片衰老,提高光合速率,使光合同化物向籽粒分配的比例增加,提高水分生产效率.