化学镀镍单板的导电性和电磁屏蔽效能

为了实现单板的导电性和电磁屏蔽效能,对单板进行了化学镀镍研究,通过表面电阻率和电磁波网络分析仪测量方法对化学镀镍单板的导电性和电磁屏蔽效能进行了分析。结果表明：化学镀镍单板的导电性随着金属镍沉积量的增加而增加,但单板的导电性具有各向异性,平行于纤维方向的导电性要好于垂直于纤维方向的导电性。此外,这种各向异性在金属镍沉积量较少的情况下表现得更加明显,化学镀镍单板的电磁波屏蔽效能随着由于金属镍沉积量的增加而引起导电性的增加而增大,在本研究中化学镀镍单板的电磁波屏蔽效能可以达到30～60dB。     

PGPB对红树植物木榄幼苗的接种效应

通过盆栽试验研究了植物促生菌(PGPB)对红树植物木榄幼苗的接种效应,供试菌为6种解磷菌(即B.amy,Vib,B.atr,Xan,B.Lic,P.M.)和5种固氮菌(即Au4,Phy,24S,JA4,cd),结果表明:(1)分别接种6种解磷菌株6个月后木榄幼苗的生长均得到了不同程度的促进,与对照相比,木榄苗高增加21.57%～9.54%,生物量增加27.49%～20.32%,叶片的氮含量增加33.33%～1.35%,叶片的磷含量增加24.42%～2.04%;经差异显著性检验,B.amy和Vib 2个菌种对木榄幼苗的促生效应比其它解磷菌株更明显;(2)分别接种5种固氮菌株6个月后木榄幼苗的生长均得到了促进,与对照相比,木榄幼苗的均高增加24.07%～10.22%,生物量增加32.36%～19.71%,叶片的氮含量增加23.39%～4.05%,叶片的磷含量增加32.79%～4.99%;差异显著性检验表明:Au4和Phy 2个菌种对木榄幼苗的促生效果比其它固氮菌更显著.     

酒糟厌氧消化产甲烷特性与微生物菌群结构分析

酒糟是酿酒生产过程中的副产物,以酒糟为研究对象,分别考察不同底物总固体（Total solid, TS）质量分数（0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%）、接种比（接种污泥与酒糟的挥发性固体质量比）（0.25、0.5、0.75、1、1.5）和温度（25、37、50℃）条件下酒糟的厌氧消化产甲烷特性。结果表明,随着TS浓度的增加,产甲烷量逐渐增加, 2%TS条件下可获得最大的累计产沼气量（532.8mL/g）和产甲烷量（294.7mL/g）。接种比是影响厌氧消化系统的重要因素,随着接种比的增大,系统累计产沼气和产甲烷量呈先增加后减少的趋势,在接种比为0.25和0.5的条件下,系统发生崩溃,并未产甲烷,当接种比为1时,获得最大的累计产沼气和甲烷量。当TS质量分数为2%、接种比为1.5、发酵温度为50℃的条件下,获得最大的累计产沼气量为559.4mL/g,相较37℃条件下提高了10.2%,而获得的累计产甲烷量为284.0mL/g,相较37℃并未显著提升（P>0.05）。利用修正的Gompertz模型进行产气动力学分析后,发现TS质量分数越高、接种比越大、温度越高,产甲烷迟滞期越短。同时对不同温度反应体系中的微生物群落进行了分析,发现Bacteroidetes和 Firmicutes为优势菌门,随着温度的升高,产甲烷菌逐渐由氢营养型代替乙酸营养型。因此, TS浓度、接种比和温度是厌氧发酵重要因素,初步确定2%TS、接种比为1的中温酒糟厌氧发酵产甲烷性能相对较好。     

循环流水水产养殖系统接种商品硝化菌的试验研究

与接种成熟滤料等方法相比,利用商品硝化菌接种生物滤器来源广泛,操作简便。本文使用一种商业上已取得一定成功的商品硝化菌液接种循环流水水产养殖系统试验模型的生物滤器。试验开始时定期接人20mL菌液(细菌含量1.5×10~10CFU·mL~(-1))以处理400g饲料产生的4.27mg·L~(-1)氨氮(TAN),12d后TAN浓度低于0.05mg·L~(-1),20d后NO_2~- -N浓度降至同样水平。在为期30d的检验期中,系统内养殖2.15kg·m~(-3)淡水白鲳,日喂饲率2％。期间养殖池TAN最大值0.465mg-L~(-1),最小值0.393mg·L~(-1),平均值0.427±0.019mg·L~(-1);NO_2~- -N最大值0.062mg·L~(-1),最小值0.038mg·L~(-1),平均值0.052±0.007mg·L~(-1);EC呈线性上升状态,每周增加32.8 μs·cm~(-1);而pH呈线性下降,每周降低0.24。系统结束时生物滤器含细菌8.65×10~6CFU·mL~(-1),水质除TP超标外,其余指标均符合我国淡水水产养殖水质标准,在2.1％～1.4％的日喂饲率下淡水白鲳日增重为1.91g,饲料系数1.164。     

Stocking effectiveness of hatchery-released kuruma prawns estimated by two-stage sampling of commercial catch in Ariake Sound, Japan

ABSTRACT:    To evaluate the stocking effectiveness of the kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus , a two-stage sampling survey of Gensiki bottom-drift-netters was carried out in Ariake Sound, Saga Prefecture, Japan. A total of 471 000 hatchery-produced juveniles, marked by cutting off the right uropods, was released. Thirty-three fishing days were randomly drawn from four boats, which were selected from the 80 boats operating in the fishery. All prawns caught on the selected days were examined, and the hatchery-produced individuals were identified by their regenerated uropods. A telephone survey of all boats was also conducted, to determine the number of fishing days. A total of 286 marked prawns were caught on the survey days for the Saga area in Ariake Sound, from the last half of July to the first half of September 2002. The recapture rate and standard error were estimated at 0.76 ± 0.52%. Economic efficiency was estimated at 0.28 ± 0.02. Strategies for sampling schemes and stock recovery are also discussed.     

Fungal inoculation induces agarwood in young Aquilaria malaccensis trees in the nursery

Fungi are often used to induce agarwood inAquilariatrees. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of several fungi on agarwood formation over time in youngAquilaria malaccensis （Lam.） trees. Typical changes in the length and light intensity of the resulting discoloration were observed after three and six month periods following inoculation. Wood samples were observed microscopically and classified into several light intensity groups. The discoloration length was meas-ured longitudinally. The duration after inoculation affected the mean of discoloration length： the 6-month old sample （1.70 cm） had a wider discoloration zone when compared to the 3-month old sample （1.17 cm）. When measuring the discoloration intensity, a positive relationship with time was perceived. Digital images, captured using a camera-equipped microscope, revealed that wood samples collected after six months appeared to be 1.8-times darker than after three months. We concluded that time, not the species of any of the tested fungi, had significant effect on discoloration length and intensity. Gas chromatography/mass spec-trometry （GCMS） analysis of the 6-month old sample yielded some important agarwood compounds such as benzylacetone, anisylacetone, guaiene and palustrol. This demonstrates that the tested fungi have the ability to induce agarwood formation in nurseryA. malaccensis trees.     

西南桦中幼龄人工林抚育成效评价

以林龄5 a、造林密度2 m×3 m的西南桦人工林作为研究对象,通过生长伐处理,连续3年对标准地林分生长、林分结构、林分健康、森林植被情况进行监测。结果表明,生长伐可有效提高目标树及辅助树单位面积材积,未降低林分的物种多样性,林分结构得到调整——乔木层、灌木层和草本层的物种存在一定的变化,各层次所占比例也发生了较大变化。     

Evaluation of the nutritive value of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal, inoculated with fish intestinal bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus circulans in formulated diets for rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings

Nine isonitrogenous (35% crude protein approximately) and isocaloric (18.37 kJ g^?1) experimental diets (RLL20–BCFL40) were formulated with either raw or treated (inoculated with fish intestinal bacteria) Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal at 20%, 30% and 40% levels replacing other ingredients partially from a fish meal based reference diet (RD). Two specific strains of fish intestinal bacteria, Bacillus subtilis (isolated from Cyprinus carpio) and B. circulans (isolated from Oreochromis mossambicus) having extracellular cellulolytic and amylolytic activities, were used to inoculate Leucaena leaf meal for 15 days at 37°C. The crude fibre, cellulose and hemicellulose contents and the antinutritional factors, tannin, phytic acid and mimosine in the leaf meal decreased due to inoculation. However, free amino acids and fatty acids increased in the treated leaf meal. The response of rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings fed the experimental diets for 80 days was compared with fish fed a RD. Both the inclusion level and type of Leucaena leaf meal in diets significantly affected the growth performance of rohu. Fish fed diets containing inoculated Leucaena leaf meal performed better in comparison with those with the RD. On the basis of growth response, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and apparent net protein utilization, diet formulated with 30%Leucaena leaf meal inoculated with B. circulans resulted in the best performance of rohu fingerlings followed by diet with 40%B. subtilis inoculated Leucaena leaf meal. The apparent protein digestibility (APD) was better in fish fed diets containing B. circulans inoculated leaf meal. An increasing level of raw Leucaena leaf meal was associated with a decrease in the carcass protein content of rohu fingerlings. The activity of α‐amylase increased with the increasing level of treated leaf meal in diets. Cellulase activity increased with increasing level of inclusion of raw leaf meal, and was comparatively lower in fish fed diets with treated leaf meal. Activities of protease and lipase were higher in fish fed the RD. The results showed that it is possible to incorporate Leucaena leaf meal inoculated with enzyme‐producing fish intestinal bacteria in carp diets up to 40% level of inclusion.     

地方院校细胞生物学教学改革的探索与实践

细胞生物学是生命科学中一门重要的专业基础课,也是近年来生命科学中发展最活跃的学科之一,在生命科学教育中占有核心地位。该文重点探讨了利用研究性教学方法改革传统课堂教学模式的新思路,并对细胞生物学的教学内容进行了调整和优化。旨在全面提高教学质量,提高学生的综合素质。这一教学改革对于实现高素质应用型人才的培养目标具有较大的现实意义。     

广东南岭国家级自然保护区管理有效性与优先性研究

应用广东省林业自然保护区有效管理评价框架,对广东南岭国家级自然保护区的管理有效性进行评分,计算其管理有效性指数值（ME）和管理优先性指数值（MP）,并进行排序.结果表明,广东南岭国家级自然保护区的机构设置、管护设施、管理制度、经费管理、生态旅游、监督与评估的ME值均为1.00,其管理有效性最高;而宣传教育、权属、规划设计、科研监测和管理队伍的MP值均大于1.00,应优先加强管理.为此,该保护区的主要管理对策应包括打造南岭特色生态文化的实体和网络平台、构建利益协商、共享和监管的长效机制以及建设科研监测的新型台站.