A high-throughput glasshouse bioassay to detect crown rot resistance in wheat germplasm

A high-throughput and reliable seedling bioassay to screen wheat germplasm for crown rot resistance was developed. Single wheat seedlings were grown in square seedling punnets in a glasshouse and inoculated with a monoconidial Fusarium pseudograminearum isolate 10 days after emergence. The punnets were laid horizontally on their side and a 10- µ L inoculum droplet placed on the stem base. Seedlings were incubated at near-saturated relative humidity, and crown rot severity was assessed 35 days after inoculation. Studies on the duration of incubation period, inoculum concentration and temperature were carried out to optimize these parameters. Seedling growth at 25/15(±5)°C in a glasshouse and 48-h incubation at near-saturated RH in darkness gave the best results. When crown rot resistance rankings of 16 Australian cultivars from the bioassay were compared with their field performance, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was highly significant. This indicated that the seedling bioassay mimicked field resistance to crown rot in adult plants. A bootstrap resampling analysis showed little or no improvement in the coefficient of variation with an increasing number of replications, indicating a high level of precision and reproducibility. By detecting small but consistent differences in crown rot severity, the bioassay proved effective in large-scale screening for partial resistance: already over 1400 wheat genotypes have been screened. The high degree of precision makes this an invaluable tool in the understanding of pathogen aggressiveness, host specialization and parasitic fitness.     

Characterisation of a Quantitative Resistance to Vector Transmission of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium

Two wild genotypes from the same species Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, WVA106 (susceptible) and INRA-Hirsute (so-called ‘resistant’), were compared with respect to their reaction to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus isolate Réunion (TYLCV-Mld[RE]), using both whitefly-mediated inoculation and graft inoculation. Disease incidence and symptom severity were scored. Presence and quantification of viral DNA were assessed by dot blot hybridisation. Upon insect inoculation, accession INRA-Hirsute showed a moderate resistance against TYLCV that was overcome by a high inoculation pressure obtained by increasing the cumulative number of inoculative whiteflies. Temporal analyses of the disease progress in relation to this criterion exhibited that the protection was quantitative, mainly reducing the TYLCV-Mld[RE] incidence by at maximum 50% at low inoculation pressure. When graft inoculated, the final TYLCV-Mld[RE] disease incidence was 100% in both susceptible and resistant genotypes with severe symptoms, suggesting a reduction of virus transmission by a vector resistance as a possible mechanism. Implications of using such type of resistance in breeding programmes are discussed.     

种子处理对籽瓜细菌性果斑病防治效果的研究

籽瓜细菌性果斑病(Acidovorax avenae subsp.citrulli)是近年来在新疆出现的一种检疫性病害,种子带菌是该病传播的重要方式之一.通过对市售的带有细菌性果斑病的籽瓜种子进行不同温度及不同药剂的处理,经温室种植测定,计算出各种处理方法对籽瓜果斑病的防治效果.结果显示50℃湿热处理30min;60℃干热处理4h,以及2%的HCl处理20min对防治籽瓜细菌性果斑病种子带菌具有良好的效果,各生产单位可以根据实际情况选择合适的方法,以减轻细菌性果斑病的危害和蔓延.     

核盘菌致病性分化研究

为了解核盘菌的致病性分化,本研究用活体定位穿刺接种法,以油菜为供试寄主,对采自四川省10个地区23个县、9种寄主的108个菌株进行了致病性测定,结果表明,所有菌株对供试油菜品种均能致病,但各菌株所致病斑长度差异很大(2.7～82.0 mm),说明核盘菌种群内存在明显的致病性分化,这种分化与地理来源和寄主来源没有明显的关系。     

集体林权改革对乡村治理效用影响的研究

从乡村治理的角度探讨集体林权改革带给林区农村除经济方面以外的其他各方面的效用。论述了林权改革对林区稳定的作用、宣传作用;探讨了林改给林农思想观念与生活方式带来的变化,指出了林改促进了村容村貌以及社保机制的建立;促进了基层组织建设与村民的自治,并且林改催生的林业合作组织同时具有乡村治理的效能。因此得出了结论:集体林权改革对林区农村乡村治理效用存在积极的作用。     

一种侵染桃树的烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的分离鉴定

 从北京地区具有红叶及叶片侧脉失绿等综合症状的桃病株上分离到一种杆状病毒分离物P-1,初步鉴定为一TMV株系;制备抗血清微量沉淀法测定效价为1:1024,并应用于田间样品检测;提纯P-1分离物回接毛桃实生苗后,在上部叶片出现脉间失绿症状,用P-1抗血清作ELISA检测为阳性,肯定了TMV对桃的侵染及致病作用。     

等温淬火球墨铸铁的热处理及应用

探索了等温淬火球墨铸铁的生产工艺,分析了原料化学成分的选择,及铸造工艺中的熔炼、球化和孕育处理、浇注温度对制取球墨铸铁的影响;在获得基体组织合理的球墨铸铁的前提下,重点分析了热处理工艺中的奥氏体化温度、等温淬火温度和时间对ADI组织及性能的影响,通过实验及分析,确定了制取理想ADI的最佳热处理工艺。     

凝固型酸奶生产中常出现的问题与质量控制

本文介绍在凝固型酸奶生产中经常遇到的问题及产生原因,并加以研究分析、论述与解决。     

东莞市大岭山森林公园小气候效应调查

对广东省东莞市大岭山森林公园开展了森林小气候的调查，结果表明：大岭山森林公园的环境状况达到了二级标准水平；有林地与空旷地相比，其土壤温度、空气温度的日变化相对平缓，有林地的土壤温度以阔叶成林的最低，幼林的次之。有林地的空气负离子含量明显比空旷地的高，空气中可吸入粉尘质量浓度、空气粒子数均比空旷地的低。大岭山森林公园可作为休憩、娱乐和保健的场所。     

竹炭导电率及高导电率竹炭制备工艺研究

通过对竹炭炭化过程的研究，得出炭化温度，炭化时间是影响石墨化和导电性能的重要因素。实验测定了不同炭化时间与炭化温度下的体积电阻率，含水率和产率，提出了以干馏的方法获取普通的竹炭原料，并通过二次加工制备高导电率竹炭的方法及工艺。