高磷对番茄磷素吸收、运转和利用效率的影响

用营养液培养方法,研究高磷对番茄幼苗磷素吸收、运转和利用效率的影响。结果表明,与正常磷处理（0.66 mmol•L-1 H2PO4-）比较,高磷处理（3.30-6.6 mmol•L-1 H2PO4-）植株生物量极显著降低,叶片无机磷含量极显著提高,而有机磷含量差异不显著;高磷妨碍植物体内磷素向上运输,表现为上位叶与根磷含量比值的下降;与正常磷处理比较,高磷处理磷利用率下降31.25%-37.5%,差异达极显著水平。     

耐密型玉米育种相关问题的思考

玉米种植密度逐步提高不仅是玉米产量不断提高的主要途径,也是育种中提高选择效果的重要手段。本文结合我国玉米生产和育种的实际情况,对耐密型玉米品种选育的育种目标、种质选择、自交系选育技术和杂交种鉴定技术进行了探讨。     

陆地棉高品质系数量性状的遗传变异与选择指数

 研究了20个高品质陆地棉品系12个数量性状的遗传变异、广义遗传力、遗传相关及产量的选择指数。结果表明,单株产量和株铃数具有较大的遗传变异,纤维品质性状的遗传变异较小,说明继续改良高品质系的产量性状潜力较大。纤维品质性状的广义遗传力介于79.07%~89.47%之间,产量及产量组分性状中以衣分和铃重最高,广义遗传力分别为89.1%和81.85%,单株皮棉重最低,为55.05%。单株皮棉重与株铃数、株铃数与果枝数成极显著遗传正相关。利用与单株皮棉重遗传相关较强的多个性状构建的选择指数,比单纯选择单株皮棉重的效果好,其中以单株皮棉重、株铃数、果枝数和果节数结合选择的效果最佳。     

高温胁迫对蝴蝶兰幼苗形态和生理特性的影响

在40℃/30℃(d/n)高温条件下分别进行0d、2d、4d、6d 的处理,观察了蝴蝶兰幼苗的形态变化,研究了蝴蝶兰兰幼苗叶片某些生理生化指标的变化。结果表明,随胁迫时间的延长,超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)产生速率加快,丙二醛（MDA）含量增加,细胞膜脂过氧化作用明显加强;可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量逐渐增加;高温胁迫2d,可溶性蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性迅速上升,但相对电导率的增加并不大,叶绿素含量的下降也较小,与对照处理的相比差异不显著,说明蝴蝶兰幼苗可通过增加可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量以及SOD、POD、CAT活性来提高其耐热性。之后可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素含量以及SOD、POD、CAT活性显著下降,相对电导率急剧上升。     

Mechanism on Hot Mix Asphalt Construction under Low Temperature Condition

In order to explore the mechanism of low temperature construction and influence of additives on the high temperature performance of the asphalt concrete pavement, the viscosity at 110 ℃, 120 ℃ and 135 ℃ and softening point were measured for SBS modified asphalt and base asphalt with different additive content of ADZ, ADW or ADS, respectively. The additives can reduce viscosity of asphalt and realize construction of asphalt concrete in low temperature. The experimental results showed that: To some extent, three kinds of additives can reduce the viscosity of base asphalt or SBS modified bitumen. In contrast, at lower temperature (120 ℃or 110 ℃), the viscosity of SBS modified asphalt and base asphalt with ADW or ADS were obvious smaller than that of ADZ. With the increase of the three types of additive content, the softening points of base asphalt also increased. However, the softening points of SBS modified asphalt with lower additive content of ADZ, ADW or ADS were smaller than those without ADZ, ADW or ADS.     

Impact of reader antenna polarisation, distance, inlay design, conveyor speed, tag location and orientation on the coupling of UHF RFID as applied to modified atmosphere packaged meat

Undetected RFID tags make the potential benefits of RFID unattainable. This study aimed to determine the most significant factors that affect RFID and particularly its application to the traceability of meat. Experimental parameters included five RFID tag inlays, two levels of conveyor speeds, five variations of beef sample and an empty container, 12 tags per test sample, three distances and two types of reader antenna polarisations. Tag detection rates were determined in three replicates per combination of test parameters. A GLM ANOVA was carried out on tag detection rate. In decreasing order of significance in terms of the effect on mean tag detection rate were distance, sample, inlay design, conveyor speed and reader antenna polarisation. Interaction of these factors also proved significant, in decreasing order of importance were reader antenna * inlay, sample type * distance, inlay * distance, sample type * inlay, sample type * reader antenna, distance * speed, sample type * speed and finally sample type * distance * speed. Linearly polarised antenna preformed better overall at detecting tags, with 63% mean detection rate compared with circularly polarised antenna with 57% mean detection rate. Varying the tag inlay resulted in mean detection rates of between 62% and 88%. Ideal transponder location on package was reader antenna polarisation dependent, but generally tags facing reader antennas exhibited better detection rate. Results revealed that the under side of the package was the most un-detectable transponder location, considering the placement of reader antennas on top, left and right sides of the sample. Conveyor speed also proved significant with a variation from 0.5 to 1.0 m/s resulting in an average detection rate ranging from 62% to 57%, respectively. Circularly polarised antennas are believed to perform better in cases of random tag orientation on products. It can be concluded that RFID systems implementation in the meat supply chain requires a holistic approach where distances, polarisations, inlay type, meat composition and conveyor speed need to be considered.     

冈杂棉8号F1高产高效栽培技术研究

采用五因素四水平正交试验设计方法,对影响冈杂棉8号F1产量形成的密度、施纯氮量(N)、施纯磷量(P2O5)、施纯钾量(K2O)和喷DPC量等栽培因素进行了研究.结果表明,施纯氯量和喷DPC量是影响冈杂棉8号F1产量的主要栽培因素,其经济效益不仅受主要栽培因素对产量效应作用的影响,而且受栽培因素的价格因素的影响.因此,冈杂棉8号F1高产高效栽培技术措施以每公顷密度2.7万-3.0万株、施纯氮量337.5-412.5 kg·hm-2、施纯磷量90.0-120.0 kg·hm-2 、施纯钾量225.0～300.0 kg·hm-2、喷DPC量不超过45 g·hm-2为宜.     

甘蔗高效节本增效技术生产实践与发展思路

甘蔗高效节本增效技术是促进蔗农增产增收、制糖企业增效的重要途径。崇左市湘桂糖业有限公司在推广甘蔗高效节本增效技术的过程中,通过发放宣传资料、开展蔗农全员培训、提供种蔗扶持补贴以及推行“科研＋企业＋农户＋基地”示范片建设等措施,大大提高了蔗区蔗农的种蔗水平。同时针对甘蔗高效节本增效技术推广实施过程中存在的蔗农思想认识不到位、甘蔗生产示范片相关配套机制不完善等问题,提出了加大良种推广力度,强化甘蔗种茎脱毒服务,推进甘蔗机械化耕作、测土配方施肥、甘蔗间套种等集成技术的推广应用等发展思路及相应的发展目标。     

氮磷营养对高寒阴湿区春玉米产量及品质的影响

在平衡K、S及微量元素肥料的基础上,研究了不同氮磷水平下的配合施用对玉米农艺性状、产量及品质的影响.结果表明,N、P单施或配施可明显改善玉米农艺性状,施N后玉米的综合农艺性状明显改善,施P可促进玉米提早抽雄,穗粒数、百粒质量增加,秃顶长减少.不同比例的氮磷配施可以大幅度提高玉米的产量,每kg N增产玉米10.7～18.3 kg,每kg P2O5增产玉米9.9～10.8 kg.施肥对玉米籽粒品质有较大的影响,但氮磷配施更有利于籽粒品质的提高.在黄绵土上种植玉米制约其产量的主要因素是N,其次为P,从产量和品质综合考虑推荐施肥量N 225 kg/hm2、P2O5150 kg/hm2.     

基质固相分散-高效液相色谱法测定甘蔗中痕量甲拌磷和特丁硫磷

建立了基质固相分散(MSPD)-高效液相色谱紫外检测法(HPLC/UVD)测定甘蔗中痕量甲拌磷、特丁硫磷农药残留量的方法.甘蔗样品经弗罗里硅土研磨均匀后,石墨化碳黑净化,丙酮作为洗脱液,甲醇-水(体积比10:1)为流动相,HPLC/UVD进行分析检测.结果表明:在1.0～30.0μg/mL和1.0～40.0μg/mL范嗣内,甲拌磷和特丁硫磷浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;样品加标平均回收率为82.6%～92.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为314%～6.7%.