饲料添加中草药抗毒害艾美耳球虫效果观察

选择90只1日龄蛋用公雏,随机分为6组:马杜毒素拌料组(Ⅰ组,添加量5 mg/kg饲料),克球粉拌料组(Ⅱ组,添加量125 mg/kg饲料),中草药处方①组(Ⅲ组,添加量10 000 mg/kg饲料),中草药处方②组(Ⅳ组,添加量10 000 mg/kg饲料),感染不给药组(V组),不感染不给药组(Ⅵ组).于无球虫条件下进行饲养,从1日龄起饲喂混有药物的饲料,除Ⅵ组外,其他各组在18日龄接种1×105个毒害艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊,根据各组存活率、相对增重率、病变记分、血便记分和抗球虫指数观察药物的疗效,结果表明:Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组有低效抗球虫作用,Ⅲ组有中效抗球虫作用.     

芳香植物及其栽培技术简介

简要介绍了芳香植物的用途、种类和栽培技术要点,并对天津地区引进芳香植物进行了可行性分析。     

牡丹皮等16种中草药提取物抑银植物病原菌的研究

以牡丹皮等16种中草药的丙酮提取物为材料，测定了其对5种植物病原菌的生长抑制活性。结果表明：在供试质量浓度为0．05g／mL时，牡丹皮提取物对所有供试病原菌菌丝生长抑制效果最好，除对杨树溃疡病菌菌丝生长抑制率为85.3％外，对其他植物病原菌的抑制率均为100％。高良姜提取物抑菌活性次之。对4种供试植物病原菌菌丝生长抑制率均在80％以上，对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制率最低，也达到68％。黄芩提取物对供试的3种植物病原菌的抑制率超过60％。连翘、知母、蔓荆、乳香和地榆等5种中药提取物分别对供试的5种植物病原菌中的2种有较好的抑菌活性。在供试质量浓度为0．1g／mL时。牡丹皮、高良姜等2种中药提取物对杨树溃疡病菌孢子萌发抑制作用相当明显。抑制率均在80％以上；白花蛇舌草、乳香、川楝等3种中药提取物对杨树溃疡病菌孢子萌发抑制作用次之，抑制率均在60‰以上。     

中草药防治鸡球虫病研究进展

鸡球虫病是由艾美耳属的多种球虫寄生于肠上皮细胞内所引起的一种原虫病,给养禽业造成巨大的经济损失。长期以来,控制鸡球虫病的主要手段是使用抗生素类和化学合成药物,但其耐药性和药物残留等问题至今难以解决。中草药以其不易产生耐药性,毒副作用小,药物残留少等优点,在兽医临床上显示出良好势头,生产实践中已证实有多种中草药具有抗球虫作用。目前,在中草药复方制剂组方的应用、中草药有效成分的抗鸡球虫效果及防治机理等方面进行了深入的研究和探讨。基于中草药的天然资源优势和特有的药理作用,研究开发中草药将具有很大的潜力和广阔的应用前景。     

岩黄芪属五种植物种子的凝胶电泳鉴别

对蒙古岩黄芪、山竹岩黄芪、塔落岩黄芪、短翼岩黄芪及山岩黄芪进行了蛋白电泳分析,结果表明５种植物的电泳谱带有明显差异,用该法能够进行鉴别,且方法简便、结果可靠。     

128种南药植物提取物对6种病原菌的生长抑制作用

以水稻稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzae Cav.)、香蕉枯萎病菌[(Fusarium oxysporum sp.cubense(E.F.Smith)Syn.et Han)]、香蕉炭疽病菌[Colletotrichum musae(Berk&Curt)Arx]、杧果炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PenZ)、辣椒炭疽病菌[Colletotrichum capsici(syd.)Butl.]和西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum)6种病原菌为供试菌种,对47科128种南药植物的丙酮提取物进行室内抑菌活性试验。结果表明:有36种植物提取物对6种病原菌菌丝生长抑制率在60%以上;22种植物提取物对至少4种病原菌菌丝生长抑制率在80%以上;经方差分析,荜茇、艾纳香、白背叶、香茅、阴香、九里香、花椒、高良姜、益智、山柰、姜等11种植物提取物的抑菌效果与化学农药0.5mg/mL施保功的抑菌效果差异不显著。      

防治草莓连作障碍的复合生防制剂的筛选

为有效解决单一使用解酚菌或药用植物材料防治草莓连作障碍过程靶标单一的问题,拟将二者有效结合制成复合生防制剂,达到祛毒抑菌的作用。本试验选用解酚菌B3512与6种对草莓枯萎病有抑制作用的药用植物（姜黄、青皮、山柰、枳实、Z1、Z2）为试材,测定B3512在6种药用植物材料上的生长速率。结合抑菌试验,确定以姜黄为基质,玉米秸秆粉、麦麸为碳源、氮源时,B3512的生长速率最快且对草莓枯萎病病原菌的抑菌率最高;同时筛选出以姜黄为基质利于B3512定植,增殖的固体发酵培养基配方及条件,配方为麦麸:玉米秸秆粉:姜黄按20:10:6的比例混合,B3512以20%的接种量、最适温度32℃、初始含水量50%、初始pH 7.0、培养96 h时,B3512的繁殖能力最强且活菌数最高。     

Milk yield and nitrogen excretion of dairy cows grazing binary and multispecies pastures

Three grazing experiments were carried out in late spring (early lactation), summer (mid‐lactation) and autumn (late lactation) to compare the effects of perennial ryegrass cultivar or grass species, sown in binary or multispecies mixtures, on milk yield and nitrogen excretion of dairy cows. Replicated groups of multiparous Holstein Friesian × Jersey cows were offered either a control or high‐sugar perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) or tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) base grass in a binary mixture with white clover (Trifolium repens) or in a multispecies mixture with additional legumes, bromegrass (Bromus willdenowii) and forbs. During each 9‐day experiment, botanical composition, milk production and faecal and urine composition were measured. Milk solid (MS) yield for the control ryegrass, high‐sugar ryegrass and tall fescue grass types averaged, respectively, 1.53, 1.64 and 1.70 kg MS cow^?1 day^?1 for a binary mixture sward, compared with 1.65, 1.54 and 1.53 kg MS cow^?1 day^?1 for a multispecies sward. Legume content influenced milk production more than the number of species present in a mixture. There was lower urine N concentration from a multispecies sward compared with a binary mixture. Urine N concentration of cows grazing the control ryegrass, high‐sugar ryegrass and tall fescue grass types averaged, respectively, 4.6, 5.3 and 6.8 g N L^?1 for a binary mixture, compared with 4.1, 3.9 and 3.9 g N L^?1 for a multispecies mixture. Feeding dairy cows on multispecies swards containing forbs presents an opportunity to reduce N losses without compromising milk yield.     

Review on the Prohibitive Effect of Gradients in Chinese Traditional Herbs on Hemolysin in Bacteria

Antimicrobial agents play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases. However, the widely clinical use of antibiotics makes the bacteria antibiotic-resistance problem much more severe, which could increase the difficulty of clinical treatment. Recently, the method of using traditional Chinese herbs to control bacterial infection by suppressing the bacterial virulence factors has got researchers'attention around the world. Hemolysin is one of the crucial virulence factors in many kinds of bacteria, therefore hemolysin is an ideal target to combat the infection caused by bacteria. The suppressing effect of Chinese herbs to the hemolysin is synthesized and reviewed here to lay theoretical foundation for the clinical treatment of bacterial diseases.     

河北省降血糖植物资源概述

通过查阅近年来降血糖中草药的研究成果，综述了河北省具有降血糖功能的植物资源（36科，73种），并对植物预防、延缓和治疗糖尿病进行了概述，为今后进一步研究与开发降血糖药物提供了一定的理论依据。