浅谈供热系统分户热计量与节能

为了使由传统的福利型供热模式向用户按需供热模式转变,实现供热分户热计量,对供热系统进行了分析与讨论。     

缓解奶牛热应激的喷淋水滴粒径研究

为探讨夏季缓解奶牛热应激喷淋水滴粒径对降温效果的影响,通过现场实验测试了3种平均喷淋水滴粒径(0.829、0.947、1.127 mm)缓解奶牛热应激效果。实验中利用热像仪采集奶牛体表温度,同时测定呼吸频率、直肠温度生理指标,并在此基础上利用Merkel焓差理论分析计算奶牛喷淋降温换热量。结果表明,喷淋过程中,3种粒径(0.829、0.947、1.127 mm)在奶牛脖颈区域平均降温为0.7、1.1、0.9℃,腹部区域平均降温为0.7、1.4、1.5℃,平均呼吸频率分别降低0.6、4.2、2.1次/min;喷淋结束后,3种粒径在奶牛脖颈区域平均降温为0.2、0.4、0.6℃,腹部区域平均降温为0.1、0.5、0.6℃,平均呼吸频率降低-0.4、1.4、1.2次/min。喷淋前后奶牛直肠温度均控制在稳定范围内,且平均喷淋水滴粒径0.947 mm和1.127 mm低于0.829 mm时的奶牛平均直肠温度。3种平均喷淋水滴粒径对应的奶牛单位时间换热量分别为417.4、469.9、430.4 W,其中0.947 mm平均喷淋水滴粒径下换热量最大。因此,平均喷淋水滴粒径0.947 mm更适用于夏季奶牛喷淋降温。     

Enhancement in Nutrient Accumulation and Growth of Oil Palm Seedlings Caused by PGPR Under Field Nursery Conditions

Abstract

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (e.g., Azospirillum and Bacillus spp.) have been reported to enhance growth and fix N₂ with several nonleguminous crops. These rhizobacteria have the potential to be applied to oil palm seedlings and, consequently, reduce the cost of nitrogenous fertilizer. The rhizobacteria are also known as a bioenhancer for the ability to increase root growth and enhanced water and nutrient absorption by the host plants. An experiment was carried out in the field nursery station, Federal Land Development Authorities (FELDA), Bukit Mendi, Pahang, Malaysia, to observe the effects of PGPR inoculation on enhanced nutrient accumulation and plant growth (tops and roots) of oil palm seedlings under field nursery conditions. The inoculation process showed positive response in enhancing higher accumulation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the plant tissues, enhanced root dry weight and top growth (dry matter and leaf chlorophyll content) of the host plants under field nursery conditions.     

Induction of interspecific allo-tetraploids of Megalobrama amblycephala♀×Megalobrama terminalis♂ by heat shock

Interspecific allo-tetraploidy was induced by a combination of hybridization of Megalobrama amblycephala ♀× Megalobrama terminalis ♂ and thermal shock. A thermal shock at 40 °C for 2 min applied to eggs 33 or 26 min (τ₀: 1.40) after fertilization resulted in a significantly ( P <0.01) higher yield of allo-tetraploids than hybrid crosses without heat shock. The yield of allo-tetraploids in embryos from mid-gastrula to hatching stages was 15.7–24.4% in different thermal shock treatment groups. The allo-tetraploidy rate in 330-day-old juveniles was 9.3% and 6.7% in different year treatment groups. After 2 years of rearing, allo-tetraploidy males attained sexual maturity with milk-like milt at the age of 2+, while allo-tetraploidy females at the age of 2+, and even at 3+, did not show any signs of sexual maturation exhibiting obviously delayed maturity. Only a few allo-tetraploidy females (three individuals) showed maturation characters at the age of 4+ and these females were induced to spawn.     

家用生物质气化炉市场现状与技术发展

生物质能是很好的替代能源,因而生物质气化技术的开发利用及相关设备的研制得到许多国家和企业的重视.近几年,我国生物质气化技术开发利用与推广力度较大,特别是家用生物质气化炉涌向农村市场.但现用户对家用生物质气化炉产品褒贬不一,技术推广的难点是燃气热值低、焦油含量高以及使用操作繁杂.因此,发展家用生物质气化炉要正确宣传引导、加强技术培训,特别是要开发产气稳定、燃料利用率高、结构简单、操作方便、价格低廉且使用安全可靠的产品.     

回热型热泵木材干燥机的分析和研究

介绍了空气回热和热泵系统回热两种不同的回热型热泵木村干燥机及其优缺点，阐述了采用空气回热的热泵木材干燥机的优越性，并对其运行特性进行了分析和探讨。通过分析和试验结果表明，采用空气回热的热泵木材干燥机较不采用空气回热的热泵木村干燥机的除湿量大大提高。     

Bulked Segregant Analysis to Detect QTL Related to Heat Tolerance in Rice （Oryza sativa L.） Using SSR Markers

The study was undertaken to assess the genetic effect of quantitative trait loci （QTLs） conferring heat tolerance at flowering stage in rice. A population consisting of 279 F2 individuals from the cross between 996, a heat tolerant cultivar and 4628, a heat-sensitive cultivar, was analyzed for their segregation pattern of the difference of seed set rate under optimal temperature condition and high temperature condition. The difference of seed set rate under optimal temperature condition and high temperature condition showed normal distribution, indicating the polygenic control over the trait. To identify main effect of QTL for heat tolerance, the parents were surveyed with 200 primer pairs of simple sequence repeats （SSR）. The parental survey revealed 30% polymorphism between parents. In order to detect the main QTL association with heat tolerance, a strategy of combining the DNA pooling from selected segregants and genotyping was adopted. The association of putative markers identified based on DNA pooling from selected segregants was established by single marker analysis （SMA）. The results of SMA revealed that SSR markers, RM3735 on chromosome 4 and RM3586 on chromosome 3 showed significant association with heat tolerance respectively, accounted for 17 and 3% of the total variation respectively. The heat tolerance during flowering stage in rice was controlled by multiple gene. The SSR markers, RM3735 on chromosome 4 and RM3586 on chromosome 3 showed significant association with heat tolerance respectively, accounted for 17 and 3% of the total variation respectively. The two genetic loci, especially for RM3735 on chromosome 4, can be used in marker-assistant-selected method in heat tolerance breeding in rice.     

后期热固化处理对竹基纤维复合材料性能的影响

对竹基纤维复合材料进行两种条件(80℃处理8h和50℃处理24 h)的热固化处理后,观测其表观形貌,并进行拉伸、压缩、水平剪切性能以及疲劳性能检测.结果表明:经过热固化处理后,竹基纤维复合材料表面有不连续的微小裂纹产生,其拉伸、压缩、水平剪切性能略有提高,疲劳性能则无显著变化.     

Effects of Population Density on the Vegetative Growth of Leafy Reduced-stature Maize in Short-season Areas

Maize hybrids which produce more leaves above the ear, with leaf area indices similar to conventional hybrids, which require fewer corn heat units to flowering and maturity, and tolerate higher population densities, should be better adapted for production in short season areas than currently available hybrids. Leafy reduced-stature maize hybrids, which have only recently been developed, have traits which address these criteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different population densities (50 000, 100 000, 150 000, and 200 000 plants.ha⁻¹) on the vegetative growth of one leafy reduced-stature (LRS), one non-leafy reduced-stature (NLRS), and two conventional control hybrids (Pioneer 3979, < 2500 CHU, and Pioneer 3902, 2600–2700 CHU) at two locations. There were no differences among population densities for leaf number above the ear; however leaf area index increased as population density increased for all hybrids. The LRS hybrid had a greater average leaf number above the ear (2.7 and 2.0 more leaves than NLRS and the control hybrids, respectively). As a result the leaf area index value of LRS was much greater than the NLRS and similar to the conventional hybrids, but LRS matured substantially before the conventional hybrids. The LRS hybrid required fewer corn heat units to reach flowering and maturity and had more time for grain filling than the conventional hybrids. Therefore, LRS hybrids show promise for production in short season areas where maize cultivation is not economical due to shortness of growing season.