丽水市观赏蕨类植物资源

调查发现，丽水山地蕨类植物资源中，具有较高观赏价值的有29科，56属，94种，可应用于园林绿化、盆景配置、切花配叶、盆栽观赏等方面。提出选择具有地方特色的种类进行开发利用。     

浅谈陕北优势杂果资源及开发利用

陕北杂果资源丰富,特色鲜明,市场前景广阔.本文介绍了陕北主要优势杂果的资源分布、生产现状以及存在问题,提出了陕北优势杂果资源的开发利用途径.     

毛竹林冬笋开发试验

通过较大面积冬笋开发试验,冬笋每公顷产量达180kg以上,产值达900元以上,不影响春笋、新竹产量。     

嫩江沙地药用植物开发及建议

本文概述了嫩江沙地的现状,阐述了沙棘、甘草、防风、枸杞等药用植物的生物学特性及其在防沙治沙中的作用和前景,并提出了在沙区开发利用药用植物的几点建议。     

浅议贵州森林旅游的深层次开发

在分析旅游文化与贵州森林旅游深层次开发相互关系的基础上，结合贵州森林旅游业发展的实际情况，阐述了贵州森林旅游深层次开发的必要性和可行性，提出贵州森林旅游深层次开发的设想和保障措施。     

Testing MACRO (version 5.1) for pesticide leaching in a Dutch clay soil

Testing of pesticide leaching models against comprehensive field-scale measurements is necessary to increase confidence in their predictive ability when used as regulatory tools. Version 5.1 of the MACRO model was tested against measurements of water flow and the behaviour of bromide, bentazone [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide] and imidacloprid [1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine] in a cracked clay soil. In keeping with EU (FOCUS) procedures, the model was first calibrated against the measured moisture profiles and bromide concentrations in soil and in drain water. Uncalibrated pesticide simulations based on laboratory measurements of sorption and degradation were then compared with field data on the leaching of bentazone and imidacloprid. Calibrated parameter values indicated that a high degree of physical non-equilibrium (i.e. strong macropore flow) was necessary to describe solute transport in this soil. Comparison of measured and simulated bentazone concentration profiles revealed that the bulk of the bentazone movement in this soil was underestimated by MACRO. Nevertheless, the model simulated the dynamics of the bentazone breakthrough in drain water rather well and, in particular, accurately simulated the timing and the concentration level of the early bentazone breakthrough in drain water. The imidacloprid concentration profiles and its persistence in soil were simulated well. Moreover, the timing of the early imidacloprid breakthrough in the drain water was simulated well, although the simulated concentrations were about 2-3 times larger than measured. Deep groundwater concentrations for all substances were underestimated by MACRO, although it simulated concentrations in the shallow groundwater reasonably well. It is concluded that, in the context of ecotoxicological risk assessments for surface water, MACRO can give reasonably good simulations of pesticide concentrations in water draining from cracking clay soils, but that prior calibration against hydrologic and tracer data is desirable to reduce uncertainty and improve accuracy.     

基于指示Kriging的土壤盐渍化风险与地下水环境分析

土壤盐渍化是制约干旱区农业发展的主要障碍,而浅埋地下水区域的地下水环境是影响土壤盐渍化的直接因素。为调控合理的地下水埋深和矿化度,以防控区域盐渍化,以河套灌区永济灌域为研究区,运用指示Kriging法比较了春灌前和生育期不同阈值条件下土壤表层含盐量、地下水埋深和矿化度的概率分布,从概率空间分布的角度研究了不同时期防治土壤盐渍化的地下水临界埋深和矿化度。结果表明：地下水埋深属于中等变异性,土壤表层含盐量和地下水矿化度属于强变异性。春灌前较生育期土壤表层盐渍化高风险区扩大、浅埋地下水高概率区缩小、地下水矿化高风险区缩小。春灌前永济灌域土壤表层发生轻度、中度盐渍化时的地下水埋深临界值分别为2.6、2.2 m,地下水矿化度临界值分别为2.0、2.5 g/L;生育期土壤表层发生轻度、中度盐渍化时的地下水埋深临界值分别为2.2、1.8 m,地下水矿化度临界值分别为2.5、3.0 g/L,春灌前更易发生土壤盐渍化。春灌前较生育期土壤盐分受外界因素（气象因素和人为因素）影响小,且土壤表层含盐量、地下水埋深和矿化度变异性也相对较小,地下水环境对土壤盐渍化的影响更强烈。研究区北部、东南部和中部小部分区域为地下水埋深小于临界值且大于矿化度临界值的高概率区,是土壤返盐的高风险区,建议进一步完善该地区的排水系统。     

地下水埋深与施氮水平对夏玉米生长及硝态氮量的影响

【目的】探讨华北地区夏玉米-冬小麦轮作体系下氮肥减施与地下水埋深的交互作用。【方法】借助大型地中渗透仪和Logistic作物生长模型,采用二因素完全随机区组设计:地下水埋深(G1:2.0 m、G2:3.0 m、G3:4.0 m),施氮量(N1:减氮20%、N2:常规施氮),以及不施氮不控水作为对照(WN),研究了华北地区地下水埋深和施氮水平组合对夏玉米生长、干物质量积累和硝态氮量的影响。【结果】所有处理夏玉米叶面积指数(LAI)在灌浆期最大,成熟期相同施氮水平,G1处理LAI显著高于G2、G3处理;N2水平下,G1处理玉米株高快速生长时间较G2、G3处理分别增加了3.99%、12.91%,但最大增长速率相对降低了9.69%、14.65%;N1水平下,G1处理籽粒干物质量显著高于G2和G3处理,N2水平下,G3处理籽粒干物质量显著高于G1和G2处理;N2水平下,G1处理硝态氮增量显著高于G2、G3处理,0~20 cm分别高出75.92%、90.03%,20~40 cm分别高出30.56%、130.95%。同一地下水埋深下,成熟期LAI表现为N2处理显著高于N1处理;0~20 cm与20~40 cm土层N2处理下硝态氮增量是N1处理的1.4~5.3倍和2.4~11.2倍;在G1水平下,N2处理株高快速生长期较N1处理增加了7.52%,而N1处理单株籽粒干物质量显著高于N2处理,高出9.13%;Person相关性分析表明,N2水平下,随着地下水埋深变化,0~40 cm土层硝态氮增量与产量显著负相关,R²为0.827~0.883。【结论】高氮与较浅地下水埋深组合促进了玉米营养生长,不利于玉米生殖生长和产量形成;低氮与浅地下水埋深组合有利于产量形成和减氮增效。     

Evolution of forest cover in Portugal: A review of the 12th–20th centuries

Portugal's forests in the 12th century were dominated by the Fagaceae represented by Quercus and Castanea, and several pine species.From the 12th century onwards, forests underwent changes in their management starting with protection and ultimately leading to intense exploitation. The massive naval construction during the maritime expansion(mainly in the 15th–16th centuries) involved felling of approximately 5 million trees mainly Quercus suber, Pinus pinea and other Quercus species. Cumulative fuel-wood consumption of 959 Mm3 during 1300–1854 was attributed to demographic expansion while the deforestation rate during 1636–1854 accounted for a minimum of 72.6% and a maximum of 96% of total forest cover. The volume of timber used in railway sleepers from 1856 onwards might have reached 0.5 Mm3. The last quarter of the 20th century increased the forest cover of Portugal through the World Bank program of Eucalyptus globulus reforestation.