滴灌毛管局部水头损失计算方法研究

为了探明安装插入式灌水器的毛管局部水头损失计算方法及其在沿程水头损失中所占的比例,从水力学基本原理出发,分析了毛管局部水头损失与其影响因素之间的关系,推导出毛管局部水头损失及占沿程水头损失比例的计算公式,并进行了讨论分析。结果表明：毛管局部水头损失随着毛管内径的增大而减小,随着灌水器插头断面面积、灌水器流量和灌水器个数...     

大库盘水库自吸式管道排沙系统研究

大库盘水库是指那些库面宽阔且横向泥沙淤积严重,通过传统的排沙方式不仅费用高,而且只能清除局部淤积泥沙的水库,对于大库盘水库,研究高效、节能的清淤方式非常有意义.通过自吸式管道排沙模型试验,得出了管道含沙量不仅与水库有效水头、泥沙粒径而且和管道长度与管径有关的结论;通过水力计算确定了管道的临界不淤流速和管道的摩阻损失,进而计算了管道排沙系统的年排沙量.从试验和计算结果可以看出管道排沙系统的优越性,高效、节水、耗能低的优点也为管道排沙系统应用于工程实践提供了前期研究基础.     

Effects of vegetation type on soil resistance to erosion: Relationship between aggregate stability and shear strength

Soil water erosion and shallow landslides depend on aggregate stability and soil shear strength. We investigated the effect of vegetation on both soil aggregate stability and shear strength (through direct shear tests) in former croplands converted to vegetated erosion protection areas within the context of China's sloping land conversion programme. Four treatments were analysed in plots comprised of (i) 4 year old crop trees, Vernicia fordii, where understory vegetation was removed; (ii) V. fordii and the dominant understory species Artemisia codonocephala; (iii) only A. codonocephala and (iv) no vegetation. Soil samples were taken at depths of 0–5 cm and 45–50 cm. Root length density (RLD) in five diameter classes was measured, soil organic carbon (SOC), hot water extractable carbon (HWEC), texture and Fe and Al oxides were also measured. We found that mean weight diameter after slow wetting (MWD_SW) in the A-horizon, was significantly greater (0.94–1.01 mm) when A. codonocephala was present compared to plots without A. codonocephala (0.57–0.59 mm). SOC and RLD in the smallest diameter class (< 0.5 mm), were the variables which best explained variability in MWD_SW. A significant positive linear relationship existed between MWD_SW and soil cohesion but not with internal angle of friction. As herbaceous vegetation was more efficient than trees in improving aggregate stability, this result suggests that the mechanisms involved include modifications of the cohesive forces between soil particles adjacent to plant roots and located in the enriched in SOC rhizosphere, thus also affecting shear strength of the corresponding soil volume. Thus, vegetation stabilised soil under different hierarchical levels of aggregate organisation, i.e. intra- and inter-aggregate. Our results have implications for the efficacy of techniques used in land conversion programs dedicated to control of soil erosion and shallow landslides. We suggest that mixtures of different plant functional types would improve soil conservation on slopes, by reducing both surface water erosion and shallow substrate mass movement. Planting trees for cropping or logging, and removing understory vegetation is most likely detrimental to soil conservation.     

1600t摩擦压力机上支重轮半体模锻成形模具设计

介绍了在1600 t摩擦压力机上模锻工程机械履带式推土机支重轮半体的工艺、成形模设计方法、工作原理及模具使用过程中注意事项等.     

V带当量摩擦系数计算公式的初探

指出了现存的V带当量摩擦系数计算公式的不足，并做了更正；给出了新的V带当量摩擦系数计算公式，并分析了V带当量摩擦系数的影响因素和数值范围。     

探讨沥青路面防滑问题

沥青路面的防滑问题,始终是道路工作者研究的话题,本文对其原因进行分析,同时提出防滑措施。     

基于双指数模型的纵向附着系数计算模型

提出了一种含有3个参数的双指数形式的纵向道路附着系数计算模型。与目前应用的一些经验模型相比，该模型具有结构形式简单、需拟合参数少、计算量小的特点，能够较好地描述纵向附着系数随车轮滑移率及其他因素非线性变化的规律。通过仿真计算与试验结果以及与魔术公式拟合结果的比较，验证了该模型的有效性。     

润滑滑动摩擦磨损试验及其铁谱监测技术研究

在磨损试验机上进行有润滑的滑动摩擦磨损试验,并对其润滑油样进行铁谱分析,探讨摩擦力矩、磨损严重程度指数的变化规律。试验结果表明,摩擦力矩与磨损严重程度指数的变化规律一致,应用铁谱分析技术可以监测有润滑的滑动摩擦副的磨损状态和磨损程度,为汽车发动机典型零件磨损状态的铁谱监测技术研究奠定了基础。     

油松根系的固土力学机制

为深入了解林木根系固土力学机制,探讨不同条件下的根系固土作用,对油松根系进行了拉伸、拔出和根土复合体三轴试验。结果表明,油松根系的抗拉力随根系直径的增大成幂函数关系增加,而抗拉强度随直径的增大无明显变化规律;根系受拉的应力—应变曲线特征参数不同,以二次多项式模型拟合效果最好,均为单峰曲线,具有弹塑性材料的特征,极限应力和极限延伸率的大小与根系直径无明显的关系;根土界面最大摩擦力随着根径的增加呈现出近似线性的增长趋势。根径越大,根系越深,根土界面摩擦力就越大,进而对土壤的摩擦锚固作用就越强。相同根径时,根土复合体的抗剪强度随围压的增加而增大。相同围压下,根土复合体的抗剪强度随着根径的增加而增大。相同的根径和围压下,垂直埋根方式的根土复合体抗剪效果好于水平埋根方式。