手术与非手术治疗桡骨远端骨折对患者腕关节功能恢复的影响

目的 探讨采用手术切开复位与手法复位石膏外固定的非手术疗法对桡骨远端骨折患者腕关节功能恢复的影响。方法 选取本院骨科收治的97例桡骨远端骨折患者进行回顾性分析,其中采取切开复位内固定手术治疗53例（手术组）、采取手法复位石膏外固定治疗44例（非手术组）,对比两组患者的腕关节功能恢复情况。结果 手术组的骨折愈合时间平均为（5.8±1.1）周,非手术组为（6.0±0.8）周,两组患者的骨折愈合时间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后3个月,手术组和非手术组患者的腕关节背伸、腕关节曲度、尺偏角、桡偏角、尺骨移位测定值差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,手术组的掌倾角、握力、桡骨高度测定值优于非手术组（P<0.05）;术后6个月,两组患者腕关节背伸、腕关节曲度、尺偏角、桡偏角、掌倾角、握力、桡骨高度、尺骨移位测定值差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;术后6个月,手术组的腕关节功能优良率96.2%与非手术组患者的90.9%差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 对于OTA分级相当的患者,采用手术切开复位内固定有利于患者腕关节功能的早期恢复,但是远期恢复效果手术与非手术治疗差异并不显著。     

Transverse stress fracture of the distal diaphysis of the third metacarpus in six Thoroughbred racehorses

Fractures involving the fetlock region are encountered commonly in Thoroughbred racehorses. Condylar fractures of the distal metacarpus/metatarsus and mid‐sagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx account for the majority of fetlock injuries during both racing and training and clinical features, management and outcome of these injuries have been well described. Transverse fractures of the distal diaphysis of the third metacarpus, however, are seldom observed and have received little attention in the literature. This paper describes clinical and radiological findings associated with 6 cases encountered in first opinion racehorse practice over a 3 year period. Transverse third metacarpal fractures vary in presentation but typically have clinical signs referable to the fetlock region and may, on occasion, be life‐threatening. They are therefore an important differential diagnosis when a fracture involving the fetlock is suspected.     

玉米种子内部机械裂纹产生与扩展的微观机理

应用Cottrell位错塞积模型分析了玉米种子内部机械裂纹产生机理,采用Griffith能量平衡理论和分形几何理论推导了机械裂纹扩展速度与扩展路径维数计算公式,并对内部机械裂纹扩展速率进行分形分析.结果表明:当玉米种子局部所受应力达到一定时,其内部即产生机械裂纹;根据玉米种子内部机械裂纹扩展运动学公式,内部裂纹扩展宏观速度小于分形扩展速度;由玉米种子内部机械裂纹扩展路径的分形维数公式求出其维数为1.1395;淀粉颗粒尺寸相同时,裂纹沿淀粉颗粒扩展的速率最快.     

弹簧垫圈断裂原因分析

通过宏观检验观察、化学成分分析、硬度测试、金相检验和断口分析等方法对弹簧垫圈的断裂原因进行分析。结果表明:该弹簧垫圈热处理时产生淬火裂纹,镀锌时氢原子在裂纹尖端偏聚,这两种因素的共同作用导致弹簧垫圈在装配预紧过程中发生脆性断裂。     

锁定钢板掌侧固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折36例分析

目的 探讨桡骨远端不稳定骨折采用掌侧入路锁定钢板内固定的治疗效果.方法 2006-05-2010-10月我院收治36例桡骨远端不稳定骨折病人,AO分型为B及C型,应用桡骨远端斜T形锁定钢板,采取掌 侧入路对骨折行切开复位钢板内固定治疗并观察其临床应用效果.结果 36例患者均得到随访,随访12～18个月,平均15个月,根...     

PKP术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎 压缩性骨折的临床观察

〔摘要〕目的观察经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty , PKP)治疗老年骨质疏松性压缩性骨折的临 床疗效、方法对收治的符合纳入标准的38例老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者应用PKP治疗并进行临床 疗效和影像学分析〔术后随访2个月、结果术后腰背部疼痛消失35例,疼痛明显减轻3例,无骨水泥渗漏〔术后 行影像学检查未见椎管内占位,后凸畸形明显改善、术后伤椎前柱平均高度明显提高(P<0.05 ) , Cobb角恢复至正 常水平,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05 )、结论PKP术创伤小、安全、临床疗效好,能迅速缓解疼痛,有效恢 复伤椎高度,是治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的理想治疗方法、     

Effect of intrafragmentary bupivacaine (haematoma block) on analgesic requirements in dogs undergoing fracture repair

Objective

To test the efficacy of intraoperative intrafragmentary administration of bupivacaine (haematoma block) in controlling postoperative pain in dogs undergoing osteosynthesis of long-bone isolated diaphyseal fractures.

Fixation of a complete scapular neck fracture in a foal using two 3.5 mm locking compression plates

This report describes the successful surgical repair of a transverse, displaced scapula fracture in a foal. A 3.5 mm locking compression plate (LCP) was used on either side of the spine of the scapula. The suprascapular nerve was apparent upon dissection as it passed directly over the fracture line and care was taken to leave it intact, although the fracture line itself caused some irritation. The foal recovered without long‐term nerve damage and is sound at 1.5 years post surgery.     

Palmar process fractures of the distal phalanx in foals: A review

Distal phalanx fractures are well documented in adult horses, but our knowledge of such fractures in foals is limited. Recent studies showed a high incidence of distal phalanx palmar process (PP) fractures in foals, the aetiology is not yet known. Several hypotheses have been suggested as possible causes, including uneven compressive forces, unequal forces from the deep digital flexor tendon, composition and shape of the PP, and conformation. A better understanding of the aetiology and predisposing factors requires further research. Radiography is the commonly used imaging modality for diagnosis of such fractures; however, those fractures might be missed on routine radiographic projections. In order to have a high probability of identifying fractures, a series of 5 radiographs including the oblique views is required. This article reviews the incidence of distal phalanx PP fractures and discusses the diagnosis of such fractures.