虫害诱导家榆挥发物的日释放节律分析

以家榆为试验对象,分析挥发物的组分与日释放节律,结果表明:家榆的挥发物共有24种化合物,包含有醇类、烷类、酯类和萜烯类等。挥发物的释放存在昼高夜低的现象,在上午时释放量会迅速增加,到中午达到最大,然后在下午、晚上逐渐减少;在由明转暗时,挥发物的释放有一个短暂的爆发。挥发物的日夜释放节律与害虫天敌的活动规律相符,可能是植物发挥主动防御的结果。     

Global parasite and Rattus rodent invasions: The consequences for rodent‐borne diseases

We summarize the current knowledge on parasitism‐related invasion processes of the globally invasive Rattus lineages, originating from Asia, and how these invasions have impacted the local epidemiology of rodent‐borne diseases. Parasites play an important role in the invasion processes and successes of their hosts through multiple biological mechanisms such as “parasite release,” “immunocompetence advantage,” “biotic resistance” and “novel weapon.” Parasites may also greatly increase the impact of invasions by spillover of parasites and other pathogens, introduced with invasive hosts, into new hosts, potentially leading to novel emerging diseases. Another potential impact is the ability of the invader to amplify local parasites by spillback. In both cases, local fauna and humans may be exposed to new health risks, which may decrease biodiversity and potentially cause increases in human morbidity and mortality. Here we review the current knowledge on these processes and propose some research priorities.     

微生物在不同pH下对水稻土胶体中砷释放的影响

为探讨水稻土胶体与类金属砷（As）的生物地球环境行为,本研究对比分析了微生物在初始pH=3和初始pH=7的不同酸碱条件下对土壤胶体负载As释放的作用差异,并揭示其内在机制。结果表明：在pH=3条件下微生物作用相对较弱,对胶体悬液pH与Eh影响较小,与无菌对照组相比,溶液中Fe²⁺与As含量均有所提高,且释放的As主要为氧化态As（Ⅴ）;在pH=7条件下微生物活性较强,至28 d时可使胶体悬液pH升至8.12,Eh降至-55 mV,形成强还原环境,铁还原溶解量明显增多,Fe²⁺含量是无菌对照组的2.79倍,并且胶体中吸附态As随着Fe的还原溶解而释放,主要为还原态As（Ⅲ）。相关性分析表明,土壤胶体中As的释放与铁氧化物的还原转化有关,溶液中As释放量与Fe²⁺含量呈显著正相关关系,尤其在中性条件下As（Ⅲ）含量与Fe²⁺极显著正相关（r=0.798**,P<0.01）。研究表明,在中性环境条件下较强的微生物活性可提高土壤胶体中铁氧化物的异化还原,同时增强As的释放与转化。     

灵山岛浅海岩礁区刺参增殖放流研究

１９９１－１９９２年在灵山岛西侧海区进行了刺参增殖放流试验。结果表明，笼播参苗在自然海区比较安全，参苗存活率为１０％左右。撒播参苗因短期内较骓适应自然海况，易被海流带走等多种因素，参苗存活率甚低。     

绥芬河滩头雅罗鱼孵化放流的初步试验

本文首次报道绥芬河滩头雅罗鱼大批量人工孵化放流。1989年5～6月,在绥芬河东宁河段采捕、利用(?)河亲鱼3037尾,采卵1867万粒,利用自然产卵场生态条件孵化放流的雅鱼1323万尾(全长6.5mm)。     

Long-term Outcome of Standing Medial Patellar Ligament Splitting to Manage Horses Exhibiting Delayed Patellar Release: 64 Horses

A standing surgical technique for splitting the medial patellar ligament is described, and the long-term (average 4.5-years) efficacy of the procedure in horses exhibiting delayed patellar release is reported. Medical records of 64 horses that underwent a standing medial patellar ligament splitting surgery performed to treat delayed patellar release were analyzed retrospectively. Horses were sedated in standing stocks. A number 15 scalpel blade was used to percutaneously split the medial patellar ligament from just proximal to its insertion on the tibial tuberosity to its attachment on the parapatellar fibrocartilage, with the goal of inducing a localized desmitis and subsequent thickening of the ligament. Aftercare consisted of oral antibiotics, 14 days stall rest with hand walking, light exercise for 14 days, and full work at 4 weeks. Follow-up information was obtained through telephone calls to owners and/or clinical evaluation by a veterinarian. Results showed that 89% of horses benefitted from the procedure, with complete resolution in 58% of horses and improvement in 31% of horses. A total of 73% of horses were able to perform at the desired level following the procedure; 63% of horses showed signs of improvement or resolution within 30 to 60 days. Two horses had complications following the procedure: 1 horse had an incisional infection, and 1 had a medial patellar ligament rupture. This study shows that standing medial patellar ligament splitting is a successful, long-term surgical option for treatment of delayed patellar release. The procedure has few complications and allows rapid return to desired performance.     

薄荷和留兰香香气成分的分析与比较

为研究薄荷(Mentha haplocalyx)、留兰香(M.Spicata)两种唇形科薄荷属植物的香气成分,采用动态顶空法采集两种植物释放的香气后,利用自动热脱附-气相色谱/质量色谱联用技术(ATD-GC/MS)对香气成分进行了鉴定。结果表明,在薄荷香气中鉴定出44种成分,远高于留兰香的26种。这些物质分别属于萜烯、醛、酮、脂肪烃、酯、醇、苯形烃,及其他类物质。且留兰香香气释放量则显著高于薄荷,约为薄荷的1.6倍。在两种植物的香气中,萜烯类化合物数量和释放量均为最高,是香气的主要组成种类。d-柠檬烯和2-乙基-1-己醇在薄荷和留兰香中均表现出较高的释放量,可初步推断它们是薄荷、留兰香香气的主要成分。     

半导体工业废水污染特征因子初探

指出了集成电路和印制电路板是半导体工业的主要组成部分,而在生产过程中会大量使用氢氟酸,使得虽经过处理后的生产废水中氟离子浓度仍较高,达到7 mg/L左右;通过将半导体企业排放废水与生活污水、地下水及地表水中氟离子浓度进行比较,提出了以氟离子浓度作为半导体工业废水的污染特征因子,并结合不同雨污混接类型污染特征因子,依据物料和水量守恒得出不同混接类型的近似混接水量比例计算公式,以期为后续的雨污混接溯源和雨污改造工程提供借鉴。     

浙北沿岸大黄鱼放流增殖的初步研究

为了恢复浙江渔场大黄鱼资源，1998—2002年，浙江省在浙江北部沿岸海域进行了大黄鱼增殖放流可行性研究。通过5年来的放流试验表明，在浙北沿岸进行大黄鱼放流是完全可行的，放流鱼能够在放流区域附近海域存活、生长，并进行索饵、产卵洄游，同时形成了一定数量的捕捞群体，放流鱼回捕率较高，放流效果较好。文章对试验放流过程中出现的问题进行了探讨和分析，为今后进一步大规模放流提出了建议。     

人工诱导池养3+龄鲥鱼性腺发育的初步试验与探讨

通过模似鲥鱼性腺发育的自然生态条件和埋植 LHRH-A 和 Testosterone 缓释放颗粒激素,诱导池养3~+龄鲥鱼性腺发育季至第1期,成熟系数达0.9%。试验摸索出麻醉操作鲥鱼不死的有效方法。对今后鲥鱼全人工繁殖的前景及有关问题进行了探讨.