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21.
    
Climatic changes and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations will affect crop growth and production in the near future. Rising CO2 concentration is a novel environmental aspect that should be considered when projections for future agricultural productivity are made. In addition to a reducing effect on stomatal conductance and crop transpiration, elevated CO2 concentration can stimulate crop production. The magnitude of this stimulatory effect (‘CO2 fertilization’) is subject of discussion. In this study, different calculation procedures of the generic crop model AquaCrop based on a foregoing theoretical framework and a meta-analysis of field responses, respectively, were evaluated against experimental data of free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) environments. A flexible response of the water productivity parameter of the model to CO2 concentration was introduced as the best option to consider crop sink strength and responsiveness to CO2. By varying the response factor, differences in crop sink capacity and trends in breeding and management, which alter crop responsiveness, can be addressed. Projections of maize (Zea mays L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production reflecting the differences in responsiveness were simulated for future time horizons when elevated CO2 concentrations and climatic changes are expected. Variation in future yield potential associated with sink strength could be as high as 27% of the total production. Thus, taking into account crop sink strength and variation in responsiveness is equally relevant to considering climatic changes and elevated CO2 concentration when assessing future crop production. Indicative values representing the crop responsiveness to elevated CO2 concentration were proposed for all crops currently available in the database of AquaCrop as a first step in reducing part of the uncertainty involved in modeling future agricultural production.  相似文献   
22.
    
On bauxite mining spoils in central Greece three replicate field trials, with (a) hydro‐seeding, (b) plus straw mulching, (c) plus plastic net fixing and (d) plus asphalt fixing, were executed and vegetation cover, number of plants and bio‐mass production measured during three consecutive years. It was found that hydro‐seeding alone gave poor results but slowly improved with time. The combined treatments proved superior, and there is no difference between the various ones, but their effect declined after the first year. Adverse effects of asphalt binder were not observed, but a laboratory trial showed that its direct contact with seeds can affect the survival and growth of certain species. The successfully established species include Lolium rigidum, Trifolium subterraneum and Sanguisorba minor. However, Phacelia tanacetifolia, despite its good performance in the first year, was significantly reduced in the consecutive years. Local species invaded in increasing numbers in the plots over the years, showing a succession from annual to perennial plants. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
23.
节水灌区指标体系与总效益评价方法探讨研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
随着节水灌区建设规模日益增大,针对节水灌区的评价指标和评价效益的方法研究也在进一步深入。本文所介绍的方法是对灌区监测得到的信息及人为调查得来的信息进行综合分析研究,结合专家群决策以及AHP方法来确定权重系数,从而通过计算可得到评价指标和评价效益相对应的评价数据,进而确定节水灌区建设及效益的满意程度。通过实例进行计算分析,得到较为满意的结果,可为灌区的策略性发展建设提供依据。  相似文献   
24.
    
Ground beetles are natural predators of insect pests and small seeds in agroecosystems. In semiarid cropping systems of the Northern Great Plains, there is a lack of knowledge to how ground beetles are affected by diversified cover crop rotations. In a 2-yr study (2018 and 2019), our experiment was a restricted-randomization strip-plot design, comprising summer fallow, an early-season cover crop mixture (five species), and a mid-season cover crop mixture (seven species), with three cover crop termination methods (i.e., herbicide, grazing, and haying). Using pitfall traps, we sampled ground beetles in five 48-h intervals throughout the growing season (n = 135 per year) using growing degree day (GDD) accumulations to better understand changes to ground beetle communities. Data analysis included the use of linear mixed-effects models, perMANOVA, and non-metric multidimensional scaling ordinations. We did not observe differences among cover crop termination methods; however, activity density in the early-season cover crop mixture decreased and in summer fallow increased throughout the growing season, whereas the mid-season cover crop mixture peaked in the middle of the summer. Ground beetle richness and evenness showed a nonlinear tendency, peaking in the middle of the growing season, with marginal differences between cover crops or fallow after the termination events. Also, differences in ground beetle composition were greatest in the early- and mid-season cover crop mixtures earlier in the growing season. Our study supports the use of cover crop mixtures to enhance ground beetle communities, with potential implications for pest management in dryland cropping systems.  相似文献   
25.
通过实际调查、实验及理论分析相结合的方法,研究了润滑油更换周期在车辆使用过程中的重要性和不执行洋有油更换周期必然导致的后果。使内磨料增加,粘度降低,车辆的传动 效率和使用寿命下降等。  相似文献   
26.
A two-year field experiment was performed in order to evaluate the suitability of de-oiled olive pomace for soil management in a young super high-density olive orchard. In the literature there are not works on this topic.  相似文献   
27.
在膜下滴灌条件下,棉花早衰问题严重。在对国内外关于棉花早衰研究成果及膜下滴灌条件特殊根区微环境深入分析的基础上,提出了膜下滴灌棉花早衰原因的合理假设,认为不合理的根系构型及其高蕾铃负荷是造成膜下滴灌棉花早衰的根本原因:膜下滴灌条件下棉花根系生长和构型分布发生的明显变化不利于棉花根系吸收土壤深层的水分和养分,抗逆性减弱,对环境的改变无法做出及时的反应,加之覆膜增温及优越的水肥供应,棉花地上部生长良好,蕾铃负担增加,一旦遇到逆境条件,在高蕾铃负荷前提下,即使对根系养分吸收功能最轻微的损害或者暂时的养分供应短缺均有可能造成对地上部养分供应的不足并发生早衰。因此,如何通过调控构建与地上部生长更为匹配的、构型分布更加合理的、抗逆性更强的棉花根系就成为解决膜下滴灌棉花早衰问题的关键。  相似文献   
28.
不同梨品种与腐烂病发病关系的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
梨树腐烂病是一种发生普通,危害严重的病害,通过研究表明,腐烂病的发病程度除了与栽培管理和冻害等有关外,还与梨的品种关系密切,试验的品种中,以锦丰最抗病,金花、秦酥次之,五九香最差。  相似文献   
29.
地膜覆盖下豆禾混播草地根系的动态研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
使用差额法连续分层次地对燕麦+豌豆人工草地的根系在地膜覆盖条件下的生长发育动态进行了研究,结果表明:燕麦根系的58%分布浅,豌豆的77%根系分布在10~20cm深,两者混播后,其根系可有效地互补,且在地膜覆盖条件下互补性增强。同时地膜覆盖后,使根系的分布更浅,根量减少。  相似文献   
30.
采用湿润育秧,研究了不同育秧方式(秧盘不垫铺麻纤维膜育秧和秧盘垫铺麻纤维膜育秧)和育秧肥不同施用方式(100%秧土混施、50%秧土混施+50%秧土底部撒施、100%秧土底部撒施)下水稻机插秧苗的形态、干质量、根系活力、植株可溶性糖和硝态氮含量、发根力,以探索秧盘垫铺麻纤维膜结合育秧肥底部撒施应用于水稻机插育秧的可行性,以进一步改进麻纤维膜水稻机插育秧技术。结果表明,秧盘垫铺麻纤维膜明显提高了水稻机插秧苗素质,相比秧盘未垫铺麻纤维膜的处理,秧盘垫铺麻纤维膜处理的秧苗表现为秧苗壮实,秧苗根冠比、根系活力、植株可溶性糖含量、发根力均有所提高。育秧肥底部供应提高了秧苗地下部生物量和根冠比,提高了秧苗植株可溶性糖含量而降低了硝态氮含量。随着育秧肥底部撒施比例的增加(从100%秧土混施到100%秧土底部撒施),秧盘未垫铺麻纤维膜秧苗的单株地下部干质量提高了69.2%,根冠比增大了60.3%,可溶性糖含量增加了38.6%,硝态氮含量降低了8.2%;秧盘垫铺麻纤维膜秧苗的单株地下部干质量提高了6.8%,根冠比增加了2.6%,可溶性糖含量增加了41.3%,硝态氮含量降低了7.8%。水稻秧苗根系活力和发根力均在育秧肥50%秧土混施+50%秧土底部撒施方式下达到最高值。研究表明,相比混施于育秧土中,育秧肥底部撒施可以提高水稻机插秧苗素质,可与麻纤维膜很好地结合起来应用于水稻机插育秧。  相似文献   
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