紫菀有效成分分析及生物碱的提取与体外抑菌研究

采用试管法和圆形滤纸层析法分析鉴定了紫菀的化学成分,结果表明,紫菀主要含有生物碱、有机酸、黄酮类、多糖、酚类、鞣质、植物三萜和挥发油等。用醇类溶剂提取法从300 g生药中提取总生物碱0.4520 g,得率为0.1506%。用试管稀释法和纸片法对紫菀乙醇提取物和生物碱提取物进行了体外抑菌效果试验,结果表明,紫菀乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、猪巴氏杆菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌和沙门氏杆菌都有较强的抑菌作用,其抑菌圈直径分别为18.20±1.30 mm、17.00±2.55 mm、12.40±2.07 mm、14.60±1.82 mm、16.00±4.36 mm;最低抑菌浓度分别为0.80 g/m l、0.05 g/m l、0.50 g/m l、0.20 g/m l和0.20 g/m l;紫菀生物碱提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、猪巴氏杆菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌和沙门氏杆菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为4 mg/m l、2 mg/m l、6 mg/m l、4 mg/m l和4 mg/m l。     

黑广肩步甲主要生物学特性及卵的有效积温

研究了黑广肩步甲Calosoma maximociczi Morawitz各虫态的主要生物学特性及其卵的发育起点温度与有效积温。在山东地区,该虫1年发生1代,以成虫在土壤中越冬。成虫在5月中旬至10月上旬发生,6月初开始产卵,卵的发育起点温度为14．66℃,有效积温41．7日度,在25℃下卵期平均为3．69±0．25d;幼虫共3龄,历期分别为3d～5d、4d-5d;平均气温28℃下,预蛹期约为8d-14d,蛹期为10d-15d。成、幼虫以多种鳞翅目幼虫为食。     

人脸识别中多目标最优不相关图像鉴别分析研究

考虑图像投影鉴别分析问题,为提高特征抽取的速度和识别率,利用图像矩阵直接构造图像散布矩阵,在具有统计不相关的条件下将Foley-Sammon鉴别分析(FSLDA)转化为两目标约束优化问题,并给出了有效投影向量的概念;根据多目标优化的最优性条件可将求取有效投影向量的问题归结为求广义特征方程的最大特征值对应的特征向量,并据此进行特征抽取,进而提出了两目标最优图像投影鉴别分析方法。与其他鉴别投影分析方法相比,该方法具有以下特点:(1)可直接由图像矩阵构建散布矩阵;(2)有效投影向量具有统计不相关性;(3)训练样本的类内散布矩阵不必为可逆的,也不需要求某种形式矩阵的逆。在ORL标准人脸库和NUST603人脸库上的试验结果表明,上述图像投影鉴别分析方法在识别性能上较以往的方法有一定的提高,尤其是特征抽取的速度有明显的提高。     

卫鹏北方专用型螨扑治螨效果的试验

对卫鹏制药有限公司2007年新出产的北方专用型螨扑进行了防治效果、药效期、伤蜂情况和氟胺氰菊酯在蜂蜜中残留的测试,测试结果显示：卫鹏北方专用型螨扑防治效果平均达到88.1%（79.8%～93.4%）;防治期间,平均每天伤蜂13.2只,属于适度伤蜂程度;螨扑药效期为24天（23～26天）使用后蜂蜜中氟胺氰菊酯残留量为0.03～0.05 mg/kg.     

中蜂工蜂封盖子发育起点温度和有效积温研究

本文在37℃、35℃、33℃和31℃,相对湿度为40%～50%的条件下,对不同温度对中华蜜蜂工蜂封盖子的发育历期、发育起点温度及有效积温进行研究。实验结果显示:①中蜂工蜂封盖子的发育历期,随温度的升高而缩短;②中蜂工蜂封盖子的发育起点温度为19.678℃;③中蜂工蜂封盖子的有效积温为4296.584677h℃;④封盖子的发育期(h)的预测算式为N=4296.58467(7/T-19.678)。     

微卫星标记CSSM18和OB2在5个绵羊群体中多态性研究

选用无角道塞特、萨福克、湖羊、Texel羊与中国美利奴肉用品系组成的试验绵羊群体共计224只,经过耳组织提取基因组DNA,用2对微卫星引物进行PCR扩增,通过电泳分型、凝胶成像系统分析各位点等位基因及全部个体的标记基因型,计算基因频率、多态信息含量(PIC)和杂合度等,从分子水平上分析4个位点的遗传多态性。结果表明,CSSM18和OB2这2个位点的等位基因数分别为18和17,多态信息含量(PIC)为0.722 0~0.862 3,杂合度为0.789 5~0.886 7,均属于高度多态性位点,用于作为与生产性能相关的遗传标记是较理想的。     

豆无网长管蚜的发育起点温度和有效积温测定

将豆无网长管蚜在12、15、18、21、24和27℃及相对湿度80%的条件下进行饲养,结果表明,豆无网长管蚜1~4龄若虫在整个若虫期的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为1龄7.309 1℃,22.974 6日.度;2龄3.776 6℃,30.652 8日.度;3龄3.852 7℃,28.207 0日.度;4龄5.256 4℃,39.273 0日.度;若虫期4.874 3℃,125.848 7日.度。     

Communication between science, policy and citizens in public participation in urban forestry—Experiences from the Neighbourwoods project

The demand for sound scientific information and public participation is particularly great in urban forestry. Urban society's manifold perceptions, preferences and demands for urban forest goods and services need to be considered, indicating the necessity for socially inclusive planning processes. Successful policies can only be formulated by establishing close links with, for example, urban planning and municipal policies. Inherently, this means that close ties between research and policy are required. This article discusses the outcomes of the NeighbourWoods research and development project in which a wide range of tools for public participation were tested in six urban woodland case-studies across Europe. A distinction was made between characteristics of the specific participatory tools and those of the communication process between the facilitators (scientists) of the participation process and the end-users of information (local policy-makers). Public willingness to participate depends on factors such as existing controversy, emotions attached to the forest, and perceived dangers, e.g., in terms of threats to the status quo. Policy makers’ willingness to involve themselves depends on political interests, on prior experience with public participation processes, and on their trust in the facilitators of the public participation process. Findings confirm that a set of tools comprising a step-wise process from informing the public in an attractive way, collecting information on public opinion, towards fully participatory approaches such as direct involvement in decision-making is most likely to ensure socially inclusive planning. Communication with policy-makers requires a high degree of openness, clearly explaining every phase of the process, being open about each other's expectations, in short, by developing relationships based on mutual trust.     

毛乌素沙地沙棘高效造林关键技术探讨

针对沙棘的克隆特性以及毛乌素沙地环境异质性高的特点,在多年实践的基础上提出了沙棘高效造林关键技术,旨在为人工林科学培育提供参考。