Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Gene Involved in Fatty Acid Synthesis in Brassica napus L.

Based on the sequence of a novel expressed sequence tag (EST), the full-length cDNA of 1 017 nucleotides was cloned from Brassica napus cv. Xiangyou 15 through rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The gene was designated as Bnhol34 (HQ585980), encoding a protein of 338 amino acids. BLAST analysis showed no high degree of sequence identity to any known gene. The calculated molecular weight of the Bnhol34 protein was 36.23 kDa, and the theoretical isoelectric point was 8.74. The Bnhol34 was also cloned from a high oleic acid mutant 854-1 through homologous cloning. There was no difference between the two Bnhol34 genes. Bnhol34 was localized in a tissue-specific manner in B. napus, and its expression level was about eight-fold greater in Xiangyou 15 seeds than in 854-1. The promoter region sequences of Bnhol34 were then isolated from Xiangyou 15 and 854-1, and a 93-bp deletion was found to occur in the Bnhol34 promoter region of 854-1. Three abscisic acid-responsive cis-elements (ABRE) were identified in the promoter region of Xiangyou 15. Real-time PCR analyses revealed that exogenous abscisic acid increased Bnhol34 expression by about four-fold in Xiangyou 15 seeds, yet did not change Bnhol34 expression in 854-1. It appeared that Bnhol34 might be abscisic acid insensitive in 854-1.     

乙烯生物合成关键酶基因研究进展

ACC合成酶(ACS)和ACC氧化酶(ACO)是催化乙烯生物合成的两个关键酶，这两个酶的基因在调控果品和花卉完熟及衰老方面具有重要意义，本文综述了ACS和ACO基因最新研究进展。     

N-[5-（1-邻氯苯氧乙基）-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基]-N′-芳氧乙酰基硫脲的合成与生物活性

为了寻找新的高生物活性农药,通过2-氨基-5-（1-邻氯苯氧乙基）-1,3,4-噻二唑与芳氧乙酰基异硫氰酸酯反应,合成了9个新的芳氧乙酰基硫脲,初步的生物活性测定结果表明,部分目标化合物具有良好的植物生长调节活性,其中2c、2d具有较好的生长素活性,其生长促进率分别为26.9%和27.2%.     

Fusarium confers protection against several mycelial pathogens of pepper plants

Inoculation of nonhost pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) plants with the tomato wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL), caused no symptoms and the fungus was not recovered from any part of the plant. FOL, however, partially protected pepper plants from subsequent infection with Phytophthora capsici , Verticillium dahliae or Botrytis cinerea by significantly reducing the percentage of diseased plants and the appearance and intensity of symptoms. FOL did not inhibit the mycelial growth of these pathogens in vitro . The protection induced by FOL against Botrytis was inhibited by 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene perception, suggesting the involvement of this hormone in the signalling of FOL-induced resistance. The activities of β-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase 48 h after FOL induction were similar to those in control plants. Chitinase activity, however, was higher in the stems of plants inoculated with FOL. A study of the levels of phenolic compounds revealed that cell-wall-bound phenolics were more abundant in plants treated with FOL, especially in stems, while soluble phenolic contents did not differ.     

聚乙烯醇共混改性膜作为农药种衣剂成膜剂的性能研究

以水溶性聚合物聚乙烯醇(PVA)和水不溶性聚合物乙酸乙烯-乙烯共聚物(VAE)乳液为原料,采用溶液共混法制备了PVA-VAE共混膜,为农药成膜剂的制备开辟了新途径。红外光谱、透射电镜、激光粒度仪测试结果显示,PVA溶液中的胶束被打开,体系的比表面积急剧增大,两相间的界面消失,说明共混体系分子间具有良好的相容性;透水性与耐水性测定结果表明,PVA-VAE的质量比为80∶ 20、70∶ 30、60∶ 40时其共混膜的性能适用于农药种衣剂的成膜剂;种子发芽试验显示,与单独使用PVA膜相比,引入适当比例VAE后的共混膜用于种子包衣,其耐水性显著提高,渗水率适宜,对种子发芽无明显影响。     

N-[5-(1-邻氯苯氧乙基)-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基]-N''- 芳氧乙酰基硫脲的合成与生物活性

为了寻找新的高生物活性农药,通过2-氨基-5-(1-邻氯苯氧乙基)-1,3,4-噻二唑与芳氧乙酰基异硫氰酸酯反应,合成了9个新的芳氧乙酰基硫脲,初步的生物活性测定结果表明,部分目标化合物具有良好的植物生长调节活性,其中2c、2d具有较好的生长素活性,其生长促进率分别为26.9%和27.2%.     

N-｛5-[1-(2,4-二氯苯氧)乙基]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基｝ -N''-芳酰基硫脲的合成及其生物活性

通过2-氨基-5- -1,3,4-噻二唑与芳酰基异硫氰酸酯反应,合成了12 个新的芳酰基硫脲,采用核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱和元素分析确证了它们的结构。初步的生物活性测定试验表明,部分化合物具有良好的植物生长调节活性,其中化合物 2c、2j 具有较好的生长素活性,其促进率分别为26.6%与26.9%,但不及对照β-吲哚乙酸。     

条锈菌侵染早期小麦叶片RNA和rRNA的合成

 采用示踪方法研究了条锈菌侵染早期小麦叶片的RNA和rRNA合成。结果表21h期间,表现不亲和性反应的叶片总RNA合成有所增加,而亲和性反应寄主叶片则低rRNA合成未受侵染影响。在接种后39~45h期间,只有呈亲和性反应的寄主叶片RNA和大幅度增加。对rRNA各组分合成的测定表明条锈菌侵染所影响的只是大分子量rRNA,胞质和叶绿体rRNA的合成也存在差别。文中讨论了上述变化的病理学意义。     

Synthesis and biological activity of furanyl anti-juvenile hormonal compounds

Twenty-one synthetic compounds, containing one or more furan rings, were demonstrated to possess anti-juvenile hormone (AJH) activity as evidenced by their induction of premature metamorphosis in the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) by contact, topical application or fumigation. The ED₅₀ of the four most active analogs required to induce precocious metamorphosis from 3rd-instar nymphs by residue contact in a Petri dish compared favorably with that of precocene II (6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl 2H-chromene) a naturally occurring phytochemical AJH. Precocious metamorphosis was fully reversible by co-treatment with juvenile hormone (JH III) or JH analogs, demonstrating that the observed AJH activity resulted from an induced deficiency of juvenile hormone.