Comparison of sampling and isolation procedures for recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3 from the oral cavity of slaughter pigs

Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:3/biotype 4 was isolated from the oral cavity of altogether 32 (68.1 %) of 47 freshly eviscerated slaughter pigs. Most efficient recovery was achieved by cultivation of tissue samples from both tongue and tonsils of the same individual. The isolation rate so obtained was significantly higher than that obtained by separate examination of either tonsil swabs or tongue swabs. However, the isolation frequency achieved by combined swabbing of the 2 sites was not significantly different. In general, tonsils were more productive for the recovery of 0:3 strains than were tongues, and tissue samples yielded higher isolation rates than did swabs. Three-week cold enrichment in a low selective medium proved essential for optimal recovery. However, the highest number of isolates was obtained using a combination of methods, including direct plating and selective enrichment in a modified Rappaport broth in addition to cold enrichment.     

Direct non-thermal plasma treatment for the sanitation of fresh corn salad leaves: Evaluation of physical and physiological effects and antimicrobial efficacy

Current problems with outbreaks of serious infections caused by human pathogens on fresh-cut greens highlight the need for new, optimized postharvest sanitation treatments to effectively meet recent food safety standards. In contrast to various chemical treatments, non-thermal plasma (NTP) has a high potential as a gentle target sanitation technique. However, possible interactions between NTP and the physiology of treated fresh products have not been investigated in detail. Here, chlorophyll fluorescence image analysis (CFIA) was used to study the potential impacts of non-thermal plasma on the photosynthetic activity of highly perishable corn salad leaves as a model produce. For this purpose, an atmospheric pressure plasma jet, driven at radio frequency, and transforming argon with flow rates of 20 L min⁻¹ into non-thermal plasma at 10, 20, 30, and 40 W generator power was applied for various times to the surface of corn salad leaves. Thermographic measurements indicated maximum temperatures of 39.0 °C, 44.4 °C, 60.1 °C, and 66.0 °C, respectively, on treated leaf surfaces. CFIA revealed that treatment at moderate generator power of 20 W for up to 1 min was the maximum setting for quality retention. Furthermore, the microbial inactivation efficiency of the plasma jet system at these operating parameters was successfully tested on Escherichia coli bacteria, inoculated on corn salad surface at 10⁷ cfu cm⁻² and 10⁴ cfu cm⁻². At 20 W, bacteria with lower initial load could be inactivated by 3.6 (±0.6) log-cycles within 15 s of treatment duration; whereas at the higher initial load of 10⁷ cfu cm⁻², bacteria were reduced by 2.1 (±0.2) log-cycles after 30 s.     

基于实码遗传算法的河流水质模型的参数估计

针对理想条件下采用解析法往往导致水质参数估计较大误差的问题，以及针对含有多参数的二维水质模型的参数估计问题，具体介绍了采用有限单元法和实码遗传算法求解二维水质模型未知参数的基本步骤，对水质参数(包括纵向、横向弥散系数和衰减系数)分别进行编码，通过计算机模拟浓度输出，并与实测值比较从而得出最优的水质参数估计值．算例表明，采用有限单元法-遗传算法估计河流水质模型的参数是可行的．     

不同肥料配比对糜子产量和品质的调控效应

为探明不同施肥方式对糜子营养品质、食味品质和产量的影响，于2019年在山西河曲进行试验，以河曲大红糜子为材料，选用不同配比的有机肥（羊粪）、生物菌肥、尿素和复合肥，研究不同施肥配比对糜子品质和产量的影响。结果表明：不同肥料配比对糜子产量和品质性状显著影响，复合肥和有机肥（F+Y）配施显著提高糜子籽粒产量（GY）、净光合速率（P_n）、钙（Ca）和铁（Fe）含量，显著减低直链淀粉含量（AC）；相关性分析发现，籽粒产量（GY）和净光合速率（P_n）呈极显著正相关，相关系数为0.82，镁（Mg）与铁（Fe）呈极显著正相关，值为0.68，直链淀粉含量（AC）与醇溶蛋白含量（Gli）、钙（Ca）达到极显著负相关，值分别为-0.66和 -0.50；主成分分析发现，糜子各性状指标分为4个主成分，分别代表糜子食味品质、营养品质、产量指标和蛋白营养品质，综合得分以复合肥和有机肥（F+Y）处理最高，并显著高于其他处理。综上所述，复合肥（187.5 kg·hm^-2）与有机肥（1.5×10 kg·hm^-2）配施是糜子获得优质高产的主要施肥方式。     

孑遗植物水松（Glyptostrobus pensilis）数量性状间的相关聚类分析

以屏南水松天然林为研究对象，运用尺型聚类分析方法对水松种群的25个数量性状进行聚类分析，探讨水松数量性状间的相互关系及其对水松生长、遗传及生态经济性状的影响．结果表明：水松材积与树高、冠长、胸径等性状呈显著正相关，生长性状与光合作用的面积有关；树高是决定材积的第一要素；水松在干形遗传、自然整枝等方面的遗传性较为稳定．     

常用软件绘制使用林地可行性报告附图方法的比较

使用林地可行性报告的附图是林业专题图类型之一。该类图纸是项目成果重要的组成部分,对文字内容具有补充和说明等作用。本文以一个简单的实例,比较了几类常用软件绘制专题图的各自特点,并简介了综合使用的方法。     

利用形状因子法计算木材干燥窑壳体的散热损失

指出了木材干燥窑壳体传热量的传统计算方法中的不足,并利用形状因子法来分析计算木材干燥窑壳体的传热量.对比2种计算方法所得的结果表明,传统的干燥窑壳体计算方法较为保守,而根据形状因子法计算结果来配置干燥窑的加热器面积则不会造成干燥窑中散热设备投资的浪费,同时也可以节省干燥窑墙体设计用材的量.     

中国古代思想政治教育方法的现实启示

中国古代思想政治教育经历了几千年的发展沿革，形成了较为系统和完善的思想政治教育方法，其中一些教育方法对当今大学生思想政治教育仍具有借鉴意义。     

理工科高校实施艺术教育的方法创新

本文在简要探讨理工科高校开展艺术教育重要性的基础上，重点阐述了在理工科高校中实施艺术教育的方式:成立艺术教育中心、采用课内和课外相结合的方法、创立良好的教育环境以及利用网络对学生进行艺术教育等。     

高校学报栏目设置的探讨

本文阐述了高校学报栏目的概念、特征、作用及其划分的方法，讨论了学报栏目编排时应注意的几个问题。